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NCLEX > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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0
Q

Alendronate (fosamax)

A

Biophosphonate
Slow bone loss
Call doc if discomfort in chest or stomach after med, may be causing esophagitis

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1
Q

Albuterol (Proventil)

A

S/e: nervousness, restlessness, palpitations

S/e may diminish after taking med a week or longer

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2
Q

Aminophylline (truphylline)

A

Treat airway problems

Propranolol may decrease metabolism and lead to toxicity

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3
Q

Amiodarone (cordarone)

A

Treatment of premature ventricular contractions, v tach with a pulse, a fib and atrial flutter
Beta blocker that blocks beta-adrenergic impulses to the bronchial tree that causes bronchodilation resulting in increased bronchoconstriction

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4
Q

Amoxicillin (Penicillin)

A

If allergic you have 10% chance of being allergic to cephalosporins (cefaclor, cetataxin)

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5
Q

Aspirin

A

Overdose: tinnitus and gastric distress
Antidote: activated charcoal if given within 2 hrs

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6
Q

Bromocriptine (parlodel)

A

Take with meals to GI upset

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7
Q 
Atropine sulfate (isopto atropine)
Eye drops
A

Hold pressure on inner canthus for 1 minute to decrease amount of med absorbed systemically

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8
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A

Statin
Treat hypercholesterolemia
Protect liver and muscles
LFTs: baseline, 12 wks and then every 6 mo
Report muscle weakness, pain, tingling, tenderness
Propranolol (inderal) decreases the effectiveness of atorvastatin

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10
Q

Butorphanol tartrate (stadol)

A

Monitor vital signs for decrease rate and depth of respirations
Causes sedation
S/e: Diplopoda and blurred vision

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11
Q

Carbamazepine (tegretol)

A

Anticonvulsant
Assess platelet and hemoglobin before admin
S/e: anemia, thrombocytopenia, mylosuppression
Interferes with hormonal contraceptives

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12
Q

Captopril (capoten)
Enalapril (vasotec)
Quinapril (accupril)

A

ACE inhibitor
Anti hypertensive med
Side effect hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency
Avoid foods high in potassium (broccoli, bananas, salt substitutes)

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14
Q

Carbidopa-levodopa (sinemet)

A

For Parkinson’s

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15
Q

Cephalexin monohydrate (keflex)

A

Encourage yogurt and acidophilus milk to help maintain normal intestinal flora

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16
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A

Anti-anxiety
Pharmacologically similar to alcohol; used as substitute for alcohol in decreasing doses to comfortably and safely withdraw a client from alcohol dependence

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17
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Olanzapine (zyprexa)

A

Antipsychotic
Treat agitation associated with schizophrenia
Most concerning: Anticholinergic reaction is difficulty urinating
Possible side effects: dry mouth and nasal stuffiness, increased sensitivity to heat and weight gain and constipation
300-400 mg/day needed to treat psychosis
High temp, severe rigidity, oculogyric crisis, severe hypertension is sign or neuroleptic syndrome; toxic effect
Cooperative behavior and improved thought processes as evidenced by coherent speech is therapeutic response

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18
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Take with meals
Diarrhea common side effect
Acne like rash is a side effect
Stools don’t change color

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19
Q

Ciprofloxacin (cipro)

A

Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystal lurid and stone formation
Don’t take with milk or yogurt alone, decreases absorption

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20
Q

Cilostazol (pletal)

A

Treats Intermittent claudication

Should improve within 2-4 wks

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21
Q

DIG

A

0.5-2

Toxicity: anorexia, n/v, visual disturbances, halos

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22
Q

Cisplatin

A

Anti neoplastic, treats cancer

S/e: audio toxicity, alopecia

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23
Q

Cocaine

A

Symptoms: insomnia, rhinorrhea and facial pain

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24
Q 
Doxepin hydrochloride (sinequan)
Amitriptyline (elavil)
Trazodone (desyrel)
A

Antidepressant

Signs of overdosage include excitability and tremors

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26
Q

Clonidine (catapres)

A

Adrenergic antagonist
Treatment of hypertension
Common adverse effects: dry mouth, impotence, sleep disturbances
If patch, alternate sites

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27
Q

Dexamethasone (decadron)

A

Oral steroid have ulcerogenic properties
Take with meals in AM
Eat potassium rich foods

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28
Q

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

A

Amino glycoside
Nephrotoxic and ototoxic
Monitor serum BUN and creatinine

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29
Q

Clopidogrel (plavix)

A

Anti platelet agent used to prevent clot formation
Can be taken with or without food
Take regularly
Common adverse effects: weakness, dizziness and headaches

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30
Q

Fluphenazine (prolixin)

A

Antipsychotic

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31
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

IV push via heparin lock: administer over 1-2 min
Lock flushed with heparin after admin of med
Monitor urine output closely

33
Q

Indomethacin (indocin)

A

Take with food to reduce GI upset

35
Q

Ginko
Ginger
Garlic
NSAIDS

A

Interrupt anti platelet med (plavix)

Garlic can have direct hypoglycemic effect; may potentiate action of diabetic drugs

36
Q

Insulin

A

Insulin, rapid acting: Lispro, aspart, glulisine
Insulin, short acting: Humulin regular
Insulin, intermediate acting: Humulin NPH
insulin, long acting: Lantis (glargine), Dentemir
Insulin, combination: NPH/regular (70/30, 50/50), lispro Protamine/ Lispro, aspart protamine/aspart

37
Q

Levothyroxine sodium (synthroid)

A

Increases metabolic processes of body, including glomerular filtration, edema will decrease as water is excreted

38
Q

Heparin

A

Partial prothrombin time is used to assess the effectiveness
Protamine sulfate used to reverse
Not transmitted in breast milk
Antedote: Protamine sulfate

39
Q

Haloperidol (haldol)

A

Reduces assaultive behavior associated with severe anxiety

S/e: hypotension

40
Q

Ipratropium bromide (atrovent)

A

Treats asthma

Blocks parasympathetic stimulation and decreases mucus

41
Q

Lispro (Humalog)

A

Rapid acting
Peak 30-90 min
Assess for hypoglycemic reaction in 1hr

42
Q

Iron

A

Take with OJ
Antacids decrease absorption
Stool will turn dark

43
Q

HydroChlorothiazide (hydroDIURIL)

A

Diuretic
Primary hypertension
Teaching: take weights daily same time each day
Not drink alcohol while taking med
Reduce salt intake
May cause loss of potassium; encourage potassium rich foods
Use sunscreen

44
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A

Can cause slowing of respirations and hyporeflexia
S/e: Oliguria (metabolized and secreted by kidneys)
Antedote: calcium gluconate

45
Q

Humulin N

A

Cloudy

47
Q

Humulin R

A

Clear and drawn up 1st

48
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Opioid agonist: used to relieve moderate to severe pain, preoperative sedation
Side effects: decreased BP, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia
Help pt to side of bedside 2 hrs after med before going to bathroom
Indicates relief if results from incentive spirometer have increased bc child can breathe deeply

48
Q

Lidocaine

A

Common adverse effects: dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, tremors, numbness and tingling of extremities, excessive perspiration, hypotension, seizures and finally coma
Suppresses ventricular irritability, it may diminish existing ventricular response so cardiac depressants are contraindicated in the presence of complete heart block

50
Q

Isoniazid (INH)

A

May cause peripheral neuropathy: hands and feet tingle
Nausea
Infrequent s/e: blurred vision
Avoid alcohol: reported to increase isoniazid related hepatitis

52
Q

Kaopectate

A

Absorbs PO meds so wait hr after before administering PO meds

53
Q

Morphine sulfate

A

Analgesic
Sedative
Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption, blood pressure and heart rate
Reduces anxiety and fear

53
Q 
MAO inhibitor
Tranylcypromine sulfate (parnate)
Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil)
A

Antidepressant
Must avoid food with tyramine (aged cheese, yogurt, beer, wine) to prevent hypertensive crisis
Sunblock required
Call doc and stop taking med if severe headaches; indicate hypertensive crisis
2 wks to become effective
Cold meds with pseudoephedrine contraindicated

54
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator
Headaches common s/e: take Tylenol or Ibuprofen
Hypotension significant s/e: closely monitor

54
Q

Nifedipine (procardia)

A

Inspect gums daily
Calcium channel blocker
Anti-hypertensive

55
Q

Lithium carbonate (lithane)

A 
Anti-manic drug for bipolar
<1.5 mEq/L
Signs of toxicity: diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, ataxia, coarse tremors
1-2 wks to see results
With meals
Drink a lot of fluids
56
Q

Oxycodone terephthalate (percodan)

A

Contains aspirin

Contraindicated in bleeding disorders like hemophilia A

56
Q

Naproxen sodium (anaprox)

A 
NSAID
Call doc if stools turn very dark
No alcohol
Take with food, milk
Don't crush enteric coated
57
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl)

A

With meals
Metallic taste
Avoid alcohol

58
Q

Metro loperamide hydrochloride (reglan)

A

Treat nausea of chemotherapy
Stimulates motility of upper GI tract
Contraindicated with possible hemorrhage of GI tract

61
Q

Propranolol hydrochloride

A

Blocks beta-adrenergic stimulation and thus causes decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility and conduction

62
Q

Suspension meds

A

Shake before giving

63
Q

Risperidone (risperdal)

A

Causes weight gain
Drug impairs body temp regulation so avoid extremes in temp
Causes photosensitive reactions
Causes Orthostatic hypotension

63
Q

Oxytocin (pitocin)

A

Induction of labor

Secondary infusion controlled by IV pump

63
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Gabapentin (neurontin)

A

Anti-convulsants drug
Seizures
S/e: Pink urine for Dilantin

63
Q

NSAIDs

Naproxen (naprosyn)

A

Nephrotoxic
Check serum creatinine (kidneys) before IV toradol, ketorolac
Cross allergies with aspirin

63
Q

Tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin)

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic

64
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Take carafate 1 hr ac and maalox (antacid) 1 hr pc

Carafate best on empty stomach

66
Q

Terbutaline (brethine)

A

Used to delay delivery in preterm labor

68
Q

Zocor (simvastatin)

A

Report muscle pain or tenderness to HCP
Avoid grapefruit juice
Statin
Treat hypercholesterolemia
Protect liver and muscles
LFTs: baseline, 12 wks and then every 6 mo
Report muscle weakness, pain, tingling, tenderness

68
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

INR is the value used to assess effectiveness (2-3)
Prothrombin time used to assess effectiveness at 1.5-2.5 times the control value
Antedote: vitamin K or Fresh frozen plasma or vitamin K

68
Q

Vicodin (hydrocodone + acetaminophen)

A

S/e: constipation, facial flushing, cough not as strong

68
Q

TPN

A

Monitor glucose and electrolytes
Hyperglycemia can cause diuresis and excessive fluid loss; should check fingerstick blood sugar every six hours, check serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates) several times a week

68
Q

Theophylline (somophyllin)

A

Treat acute asthma

69
Q

Tylenol

A

Antedote: Acetylcsteine IV

NCLEX (8 decks)

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