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Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Alendronate (fosamax)

A

Biophosphonate
Slow bone loss
Call doc if discomfort in chest or stomach after med, may be causing esophagitis

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1
Q

Albuterol (Proventil)

A

S/e: nervousness, restlessness, palpitations

S/e may diminish after taking med a week or longer

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2
Q

Aminophylline (truphylline)

A

Treat airway problems

Propranolol may decrease metabolism and lead to toxicity

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3
Q

Amiodarone (cordarone)

A

Treatment of premature ventricular contractions, v tach with a pulse, a fib and atrial flutter
Beta blocker that blocks beta-adrenergic impulses to the bronchial tree that causes bronchodilation resulting in increased bronchoconstriction

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4
Q

Amoxicillin (Penicillin)

A

If allergic you have 10% chance of being allergic to cephalosporins (cefaclor, cetataxin)

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5
Q

Aspirin

A

Overdose: tinnitus and gastric distress
Antidote: activated charcoal if given within 2 hrs

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6
Q

Bromocriptine (parlodel)

A

Take with meals to GI upset

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7
Q 
Atropine sulfate (isopto atropine)
Eye drops
A

Hold pressure on inner canthus for 1 minute to decrease amount of med absorbed systemically

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8
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A

Statin
Treat hypercholesterolemia
Protect liver and muscles
LFTs: baseline, 12 wks and then every 6 mo
Report muscle weakness, pain, tingling, tenderness
Propranolol (inderal) decreases the effectiveness of atorvastatin

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10
Q

Butorphanol tartrate (stadol)

A

Monitor vital signs for decrease rate and depth of respirations
Causes sedation
S/e: Diplopoda and blurred vision

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11
Q

Carbamazepine (tegretol)

A

Anticonvulsant
Assess platelet and hemoglobin before admin
S/e: anemia, thrombocytopenia, mylosuppression
Interferes with hormonal contraceptives

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12
Q

Captopril (capoten)
Enalapril (vasotec)
Quinapril (accupril)

A

ACE inhibitor
Anti hypertensive med
Side effect hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency
Avoid foods high in potassium (broccoli, bananas, salt substitutes)

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14
Q

Carbidopa-levodopa (sinemet)

A

For Parkinson’s

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15
Q

Cephalexin monohydrate (keflex)

A

Encourage yogurt and acidophilus milk to help maintain normal intestinal flora

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16
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A

Anti-anxiety
Pharmacologically similar to alcohol; used as substitute for alcohol in decreasing doses to comfortably and safely withdraw a client from alcohol dependence

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17
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Olanzapine (zyprexa)

A

Antipsychotic
Treat agitation associated with schizophrenia
Most concerning: Anticholinergic reaction is difficulty urinating
Possible side effects: dry mouth and nasal stuffiness, increased sensitivity to heat and weight gain and constipation
300-400 mg/day needed to treat psychosis
High temp, severe rigidity, oculogyric crisis, severe hypertension is sign or neuroleptic syndrome; toxic effect
Cooperative behavior and improved thought processes as evidenced by coherent speech is therapeutic response

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18
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Take with meals
Diarrhea common side effect
Acne like rash is a side effect
Stools don’t change color

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19
Q

Ciprofloxacin (cipro)

A

Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystal lurid and stone formation
Don’t take with milk or yogurt alone, decreases absorption

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20
Q

Cilostazol (pletal)

A

Treats Intermittent claudication

Should improve within 2-4 wks

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21
Q

DIG

A

0.5-2

Toxicity: anorexia, n/v, visual disturbances, halos

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22
Q

Cisplatin

A

Anti neoplastic, treats cancer

S/e: audio toxicity, alopecia

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23
Q

Cocaine

A

Symptoms: insomnia, rhinorrhea and facial pain

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24
Q 
Doxepin hydrochloride (sinequan)
Amitriptyline (elavil)
Trazodone (desyrel)
A

Antidepressant

Signs of overdosage include excitability and tremors

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26
Q

Clonidine (catapres)

A

Adrenergic antagonist
Treatment of hypertension
Common adverse effects: dry mouth, impotence, sleep disturbances
If patch, alternate sites

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27
Dexamethasone (decadron)
Oral steroid have ulcerogenic properties Take with meals in AM Eat potassium rich foods
28
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Amino glycoside Nephrotoxic and ototoxic Monitor serum BUN and creatinine
29
Clopidogrel (plavix)
Anti platelet agent used to prevent clot formation Can be taken with or without food Take regularly Common adverse effects: weakness, dizziness and headaches
30
Fluphenazine (prolixin)
Antipsychotic
31
Furosemide (Lasix)
IV push via heparin lock: administer over 1-2 min Lock flushed with heparin after admin of med Monitor urine output closely
33
Indomethacin (indocin)
Take with food to reduce GI upset
35
Ginko Ginger Garlic NSAIDS
Interrupt anti platelet med (plavix) | Garlic can have direct hypoglycemic effect; may potentiate action of diabetic drugs
36
Insulin
Insulin, rapid acting: Lispro, aspart, glulisine Insulin, short acting: Humulin regular Insulin, intermediate acting: Humulin NPH insulin, long acting: Lantis (glargine), Dentemir Insulin, combination: NPH/regular (70/30, 50/50), lispro Protamine/ Lispro, aspart protamine/aspart
37
Levothyroxine sodium (synthroid)
Increases metabolic processes of body, including glomerular filtration, edema will decrease as water is excreted
38
Heparin
Partial prothrombin time is used to assess the effectiveness Protamine sulfate used to reverse Not transmitted in breast milk Antedote: Protamine sulfate
39
Haloperidol (haldol)
Reduces assaultive behavior associated with severe anxiety | S/e: hypotension
40
Ipratropium bromide (atrovent)
Treats asthma | Blocks parasympathetic stimulation and decreases mucus
41
Lispro (Humalog)
Rapid acting Peak 30-90 min Assess for hypoglycemic reaction in 1hr
42
Iron
Take with OJ Antacids decrease absorption Stool will turn dark
43
HydroChlorothiazide (hydroDIURIL)
Diuretic Primary hypertension Teaching: take weights daily same time each day Not drink alcohol while taking med Reduce salt intake May cause loss of potassium; encourage potassium rich foods Use sunscreen
44
Magnesium sulfate
Can cause slowing of respirations and hyporeflexia S/e: Oliguria (metabolized and secreted by kidneys) Antedote: calcium gluconate
45
Humulin N
Cloudy
47
Humulin R
Clear and drawn up 1st
48
Meperidine (Demerol)
Opioid agonist: used to relieve moderate to severe pain, preoperative sedation Side effects: decreased BP, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia Help pt to side of bedside 2 hrs after med before going to bathroom Indicates relief if results from incentive spirometer have increased bc child can breathe deeply
48
Lidocaine
Common adverse effects: dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, tremors, numbness and tingling of extremities, excessive perspiration, hypotension, seizures and finally coma Suppresses ventricular irritability, it may diminish existing ventricular response so cardiac depressants are contraindicated in the presence of complete heart block
50
Isoniazid (INH)
May cause peripheral neuropathy: hands and feet tingle Nausea Infrequent s/e: blurred vision Avoid alcohol: reported to increase isoniazid related hepatitis
52
Kaopectate
Absorbs PO meds so wait hr after before administering PO meds
53
Morphine sulfate
Analgesic Sedative Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption, blood pressure and heart rate Reduces anxiety and fear
53
``` MAO inhibitor Tranylcypromine sulfate (parnate) Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil) ```
Antidepressant Must avoid food with tyramine (aged cheese, yogurt, beer, wine) to prevent hypertensive crisis Sunblock required Call doc and stop taking med if severe headaches; indicate hypertensive crisis 2 wks to become effective Cold meds with pseudoephedrine contraindicated
54
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator Headaches common s/e: take Tylenol or Ibuprofen Hypotension significant s/e: closely monitor
54
Nifedipine (procardia)
Inspect gums daily Calcium channel blocker Anti-hypertensive
55
Lithium carbonate (lithane)
``` Anti-manic drug for bipolar <1.5 mEq/L Signs of toxicity: diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, ataxia, coarse tremors 1-2 wks to see results With meals Drink a lot of fluids ```
56
Oxycodone terephthalate (percodan)
Contains aspirin | Contraindicated in bleeding disorders like hemophilia A
56
Naproxen sodium (anaprox)
``` NSAID Call doc if stools turn very dark No alcohol Take with food, milk Don't crush enteric coated ```
57
Metronidazole (flagyl)
With meals Metallic taste Avoid alcohol
58
Metro loperamide hydrochloride (reglan)
Treat nausea of chemotherapy Stimulates motility of upper GI tract Contraindicated with possible hemorrhage of GI tract
61
Propranolol hydrochloride
Blocks beta-adrenergic stimulation and thus causes decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility and conduction
62
Suspension meds
Shake before giving
63
Risperidone (risperdal)
Causes weight gain Drug impairs body temp regulation so avoid extremes in temp Causes photosensitive reactions Causes Orthostatic hypotension
63
Oxytocin (pitocin)
Induction of labor | Secondary infusion controlled by IV pump
63
Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Gabapentin (neurontin)
Anti-convulsants drug Seizures S/e: Pink urine for Dilantin
63
NSAIDs | Naproxen (naprosyn)
Nephrotoxic Check serum creatinine (kidneys) before IV toradol, ketorolac Cross allergies with aspirin
63
Tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin)
Broad spectrum antibiotic
64
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Take carafate 1 hr ac and maalox (antacid) 1 hr pc | Carafate best on empty stomach
66
Terbutaline (brethine)
Used to delay delivery in preterm labor
68
Zocor (simvastatin)
Report muscle pain or tenderness to HCP Avoid grapefruit juice Statin Treat hypercholesterolemia Protect liver and muscles LFTs: baseline, 12 wks and then every 6 mo Report muscle weakness, pain, tingling, tenderness
68
Warfarin (Coumadin)
INR is the value used to assess effectiveness (2-3) Prothrombin time used to assess effectiveness at 1.5-2.5 times the control value Antedote: vitamin K or Fresh frozen plasma or vitamin K
68
Vicodin (hydrocodone + acetaminophen)
S/e: constipation, facial flushing, cough not as strong
68
TPN
Monitor glucose and electrolytes Hyperglycemia can cause diuresis and excessive fluid loss; should check fingerstick blood sugar every six hours, check serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates) several times a week
68
Theophylline (somophyllin)
Treat acute asthma
69
Tylenol
Antedote: Acetylcsteine IV

NCLEX (8 decks)

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