Drugs Flashcards
Alendronate (fosamax)
Biophosphonate
Slow bone loss
Call doc if discomfort in chest or stomach after med, may be causing esophagitis
Albuterol (Proventil)
S/e: nervousness, restlessness, palpitations
S/e may diminish after taking med a week or longer
Aminophylline (truphylline)
Treat airway problems
Propranolol may decrease metabolism and lead to toxicity
Amiodarone (cordarone)
Treatment of premature ventricular contractions, v tach with a pulse, a fib and atrial flutter
Beta blocker that blocks beta-adrenergic impulses to the bronchial tree that causes bronchodilation resulting in increased bronchoconstriction
Amoxicillin (Penicillin)
If allergic you have 10% chance of being allergic to cephalosporins (cefaclor, cetataxin)
Aspirin
Overdose: tinnitus and gastric distress
Antidote: activated charcoal if given within 2 hrs
Bromocriptine (parlodel)
Take with meals to GI upset
Atropine sulfate (isopto atropine) Eye drops
Hold pressure on inner canthus for 1 minute to decrease amount of med absorbed systemically
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Statin
Treat hypercholesterolemia
Protect liver and muscles
LFTs: baseline, 12 wks and then every 6 mo
Report muscle weakness, pain, tingling, tenderness
Propranolol (inderal) decreases the effectiveness of atorvastatin
Butorphanol tartrate (stadol)
Monitor vital signs for decrease rate and depth of respirations
Causes sedation
S/e: Diplopoda and blurred vision
Carbamazepine (tegretol)
Anticonvulsant
Assess platelet and hemoglobin before admin
S/e: anemia, thrombocytopenia, mylosuppression
Interferes with hormonal contraceptives
Captopril (capoten)
Enalapril (vasotec)
Quinapril (accupril)
ACE inhibitor
Anti hypertensive med
Side effect hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency
Avoid foods high in potassium (broccoli, bananas, salt substitutes)
Carbidopa-levodopa (sinemet)
For Parkinson’s
Cephalexin monohydrate (keflex)
Encourage yogurt and acidophilus milk to help maintain normal intestinal flora
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Anti-anxiety
Pharmacologically similar to alcohol; used as substitute for alcohol in decreasing doses to comfortably and safely withdraw a client from alcohol dependence
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Olanzapine (zyprexa)
Antipsychotic
Treat agitation associated with schizophrenia
Most concerning: Anticholinergic reaction is difficulty urinating
Possible side effects: dry mouth and nasal stuffiness, increased sensitivity to heat and weight gain and constipation
300-400 mg/day needed to treat psychosis
High temp, severe rigidity, oculogyric crisis, severe hypertension is sign or neuroleptic syndrome; toxic effect
Cooperative behavior and improved thought processes as evidenced by coherent speech is therapeutic response
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Take with meals
Diarrhea common side effect
Acne like rash is a side effect
Stools don’t change color
Ciprofloxacin (cipro)
Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystal lurid and stone formation
Don’t take with milk or yogurt alone, decreases absorption
Cilostazol (pletal)
Treats Intermittent claudication
Should improve within 2-4 wks
DIG
0.5-2
Toxicity: anorexia, n/v, visual disturbances, halos
Cisplatin
Anti neoplastic, treats cancer
S/e: audio toxicity, alopecia
Cocaine
Symptoms: insomnia, rhinorrhea and facial pain
Doxepin hydrochloride (sinequan) Amitriptyline (elavil) Trazodone (desyrel)
Antidepressant
Signs of overdosage include excitability and tremors
Clonidine (catapres)
Adrenergic antagonist
Treatment of hypertension
Common adverse effects: dry mouth, impotence, sleep disturbances
If patch, alternate sites
Dexamethasone (decadron)
Oral steroid have ulcerogenic properties
Take with meals in AM
Eat potassium rich foods
Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Amino glycoside
Nephrotoxic and ototoxic
Monitor serum BUN and creatinine
Clopidogrel (plavix)
Anti platelet agent used to prevent clot formation
Can be taken with or without food
Take regularly
Common adverse effects: weakness, dizziness and headaches
Fluphenazine (prolixin)
Antipsychotic
Furosemide (Lasix)
IV push via heparin lock: administer over 1-2 min
Lock flushed with heparin after admin of med
Monitor urine output closely
Indomethacin (indocin)
Take with food to reduce GI upset
Ginko
Ginger
Garlic
NSAIDS
Interrupt anti platelet med (plavix)
Garlic can have direct hypoglycemic effect; may potentiate action of diabetic drugs
Insulin
Insulin, rapid acting: Lispro, aspart, glulisine
Insulin, short acting: Humulin regular
Insulin, intermediate acting: Humulin NPH
insulin, long acting: Lantis (glargine), Dentemir
Insulin, combination: NPH/regular (70/30, 50/50), lispro Protamine/ Lispro, aspart protamine/aspart
Levothyroxine sodium (synthroid)
Increases metabolic processes of body, including glomerular filtration, edema will decrease as water is excreted
Heparin
Partial prothrombin time is used to assess the effectiveness
Protamine sulfate used to reverse
Not transmitted in breast milk
Antedote: Protamine sulfate
Haloperidol (haldol)
Reduces assaultive behavior associated with severe anxiety
S/e: hypotension
Ipratropium bromide (atrovent)
Treats asthma
Blocks parasympathetic stimulation and decreases mucus
Lispro (Humalog)
Rapid acting
Peak 30-90 min
Assess for hypoglycemic reaction in 1hr
Iron
Take with OJ
Antacids decrease absorption
Stool will turn dark
HydroChlorothiazide (hydroDIURIL)
Diuretic
Primary hypertension
Teaching: take weights daily same time each day
Not drink alcohol while taking med
Reduce salt intake
May cause loss of potassium; encourage potassium rich foods
Use sunscreen
Magnesium sulfate
Can cause slowing of respirations and hyporeflexia
S/e: Oliguria (metabolized and secreted by kidneys)
Antedote: calcium gluconate
Humulin N
Cloudy
Humulin R
Clear and drawn up 1st
Meperidine (Demerol)
Opioid agonist: used to relieve moderate to severe pain, preoperative sedation
Side effects: decreased BP, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia
Help pt to side of bedside 2 hrs after med before going to bathroom
Indicates relief if results from incentive spirometer have increased bc child can breathe deeply
Lidocaine
Common adverse effects: dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, tremors, numbness and tingling of extremities, excessive perspiration, hypotension, seizures and finally coma
Suppresses ventricular irritability, it may diminish existing ventricular response so cardiac depressants are contraindicated in the presence of complete heart block
Isoniazid (INH)
May cause peripheral neuropathy: hands and feet tingle
Nausea
Infrequent s/e: blurred vision
Avoid alcohol: reported to increase isoniazid related hepatitis
Kaopectate
Absorbs PO meds so wait hr after before administering PO meds
Morphine sulfate
Analgesic
Sedative
Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption, blood pressure and heart rate
Reduces anxiety and fear
MAO inhibitor Tranylcypromine sulfate (parnate) Phenelzine sulfate (Nardil)
Antidepressant
Must avoid food with tyramine (aged cheese, yogurt, beer, wine) to prevent hypertensive crisis
Sunblock required
Call doc and stop taking med if severe headaches; indicate hypertensive crisis
2 wks to become effective
Cold meds with pseudoephedrine contraindicated
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator
Headaches common s/e: take Tylenol or Ibuprofen
Hypotension significant s/e: closely monitor
Nifedipine (procardia)
Inspect gums daily
Calcium channel blocker
Anti-hypertensive
Lithium carbonate (lithane)
Anti-manic drug for bipolar <1.5 mEq/L Signs of toxicity: diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, ataxia, coarse tremors 1-2 wks to see results With meals Drink a lot of fluids
Oxycodone terephthalate (percodan)
Contains aspirin
Contraindicated in bleeding disorders like hemophilia A
Naproxen sodium (anaprox)
NSAID Call doc if stools turn very dark No alcohol Take with food, milk Don't crush enteric coated
Metronidazole (flagyl)
With meals
Metallic taste
Avoid alcohol
Metro loperamide hydrochloride (reglan)
Treat nausea of chemotherapy
Stimulates motility of upper GI tract
Contraindicated with possible hemorrhage of GI tract
Propranolol hydrochloride
Blocks beta-adrenergic stimulation and thus causes decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility and conduction
Suspension meds
Shake before giving
Risperidone (risperdal)
Causes weight gain
Drug impairs body temp regulation so avoid extremes in temp
Causes photosensitive reactions
Causes Orthostatic hypotension
Oxytocin (pitocin)
Induction of labor
Secondary infusion controlled by IV pump
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Gabapentin (neurontin)
Anti-convulsants drug
Seizures
S/e: Pink urine for Dilantin
NSAIDs
Naproxen (naprosyn)
Nephrotoxic
Check serum creatinine (kidneys) before IV toradol, ketorolac
Cross allergies with aspirin
Tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin)
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Take carafate 1 hr ac and maalox (antacid) 1 hr pc
Carafate best on empty stomach
Terbutaline (brethine)
Used to delay delivery in preterm labor
Zocor (simvastatin)
Report muscle pain or tenderness to HCP
Avoid grapefruit juice
Statin
Treat hypercholesterolemia
Protect liver and muscles
LFTs: baseline, 12 wks and then every 6 mo
Report muscle weakness, pain, tingling, tenderness
Warfarin (Coumadin)
INR is the value used to assess effectiveness (2-3)
Prothrombin time used to assess effectiveness at 1.5-2.5 times the control value
Antedote: vitamin K or Fresh frozen plasma or vitamin K
Vicodin (hydrocodone + acetaminophen)
S/e: constipation, facial flushing, cough not as strong
TPN
Monitor glucose and electrolytes
Hyperglycemia can cause diuresis and excessive fluid loss; should check fingerstick blood sugar every six hours, check serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphates) several times a week
Theophylline (somophyllin)
Treat acute asthma
Tylenol
Antedote: Acetylcsteine IV
