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Condition Flashcards

0
Q

AIDS

A

Bowel programs, stool softeners and laxatives reduce intestinal stasis and bacterial overgrowth

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1
Q

Addison’s

A

Hyperkalemia

Symtoms: muscle cramps, fatigue and hypotension

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2
Q

Anxiety

A

Sleeping 7 hours a night and dreams are calm indicates major resolution of anxiety as the sleeping and dreaming both reflect and affect the body, mind, and spirit and are not conscious processes; in anxious states, insomniac symptoms of disturbed sleep pattern, sleep deprivation, fatigue are common; intrusive thoughts, worrying, fear, and/or replaying traumatic events contribute to difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep

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3
Q

Apnea

A

Longer than 15 seconds in a newborn should be reported
Able to leave baby for brief periods of time
Sleep by baby’s crib
Can remove monitor during bath time

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4
Q

Asthma

A

Wheezing: high pitched musical sounds heard on expiration caused by narrowing of the bronchials

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5
Q

A fib

A

Sinoatrial node no longer functions, atrial contractions reduced and stasis of blood in atria occurs
Pulse rate greater than 100 bpm, totally irregular rhythm, no definite P waves

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6
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Use artificial tears qid bc paralysis of eyelid allows cornea to dry; drops reduce chance of corneal damage

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7
Q

Bipolar

A

Manic: hyperactivity, poor concentration, and distractibility; redirect into activity that promotes rest, nourishment; reduce stimuli

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8
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Extremely angry and need help with anger management
Limit setting, including clarity and boundaries is important; they often present in a frantic, unstable, irritable, intense, impulsive manner, with frequent temper displays

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9
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Rhonchi: deep, low pitched rumblings are heard mainly on expiration caused by mucus in the airway

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10
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

Prone to fluid overload and CHF due to sodium and water retention
Increased susceptibility to infections
Monitor patient’s blood glucose because hypercortisolism causes hyperglycemia
symptoms: fatigue, weakness, osteoporosis, cramps, edema, hypertension, decreased resistance to infection, truncal obesity, buffalo hump, moon face

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10
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A 
Autosomal recessive trait
Both parents carry recessive trait
25% chance of passing to offspring
Positive Sweat test
Increased salt in diet
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11
Q

Bulimia

A

Hoarse voice that is barely audible needs immediate referral to the physician because patient is at high risk for tracheoesophageal fistula from esophageal tear; laryngitis is danger sign

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12
Q

Buergers disease

A

Recurring inflammation of arteries and veins in upper and lower extremities, results in thrombus and occlusion
Seen in men 20-35 yo
Smoking is causative factor
Pain at rest and coldness major symptoms
Check fingers and toes every day for ulcer formation and gangrene

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13
Q

Detached retina

A

Photophobia, loss of a portion of the visual field

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14
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Symptoms: nausea, frequent belching, right upper abdominal pain
Concerning: jaundice indicates a possible stone in bile duct causing obstruction
Avoid fatty foods and gas forming foods

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16
Q

Compartmental syndrome

A

Symptoms: pale and cool to touch, complains of pain

Don’t elevate

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17
Q

Cleft lip and palate

A

Upper airway congestion: position infant on side to facilitate drainage of mucus and will promote adjustment to breathing through nose

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18
Q

Type I diabetes

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Weight loss
Quivering feeling in abdomen indicates hypoglycemia
Inspect feet daily for blisters, sores, ingrown nails and cuts
Bathe feet daily in warm water
Cut toenails straight across
Don’t go barefoot
Vomiting for 24 hrs: diabetic ketoacidosis is frequently associated with dehydration so drink liquids as often as possible
At risk for heart disease

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20
Q

Type II diabetes

A

Recurrent vaginal and UTIs are an early sign in adolescents

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21
Q

Dawn phenomenon

A

Increase in blood sugar during hours of 2-8 am

Treat: stop high carb snacks before bed, adjust insulin before bed

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22
Q

DVT

A 
Deep vein thrombosis (thrombophlebitis)
Decrease inflammatory response in the affected extremity and prevent embolus formation 
Elevate foot of bed 6 inches
Warm moist packs to the affected leg
On bed rest 5-7 days -bedpan
Positive Homans sign
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25
Q

Surgery induced diabetes insipidus

A

4000 ml in 24 hrs

Increased urine output with pale colored urine and low specific gravity

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26
Q

Dumping syndrome

A

Include foods with fat and increase calories
Lie down or sit in recliner for 30-60 min after eating
Wait 1 hr before drinking

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27
Chronic glomerulonephritis
May be treated with peritoneal dialysis if end stage renal disease develops
28
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Occurs secondary to other infections Meds: antibiotics, corticosteroids, antihypertensive, immunosuppressive agents; restrict sodium intake, restrict water if oliguric; dialing weights, monitor I and O, bed rest, high calorie, low protein diet
29
Droplet
Private room, maintain spatial separation of 3 ft between patient and visitors Pertussis Wash hands, remove mask and throw trash in container in room
30
Hip fracture
Abduction wedges No more than 90 degrees Don't cross legs
34
Hypoglycemia
Tachycardia Cold and clammy skin Weakness and pallor Treat at home: drink 1/2 c fruit juice followed by protein snack
35
Evisceration
Immediately cover open area with sterile gauze soaked in normal saline and notify physician
36
Impetigo
Honey colored crusted lesion Notify parents first Loosen scab with burrow's solution compress Systemic antibiotics, antibacterial soap Possible complication is peri orbital edema indicative of poststreptococcal glomeruli nephritis
39
ICP
Normal 7-15; 3 mo old with high pitched cry indicates increased ICP 5 yo with closed head injury- assess orientation to person, place and time every hour to detect early signs of increased ICP Determine cough reflex and ability to swallow prior to administering PO fluids Increased systolic pressure and widening pulse pressure indicates increased ICP
40
Hepatitis A
Communicable for 2-3 weeks before onset of jaundice and about 1 wk after onset of jaundice Eat small frequent meals Increase calories to 2000-3000 per day to meet energy needs No alcohol Eat protein sources Spead by oral rectal route Practice good hand washing Caution about taking any drugs not approved by doc bc it may become dangerous bc of livers inability to detoxify and excrete them
41
HHNK (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome)
Seen after 50 yo | Age-related changes in thirst perception result in dehydration and decrease in urine-concentrating abilities of kidney
42
Hepatic encephalopathy
Early sign: impaired thought process | Late sign: hyperventilation, stupor, decerebrate/decorticate posturing
43
Hypoparathyroidism
Symptom: tetany | Treatment successful if denies numbness and tingling
44
Herpes simplex virus abscess
Clean lesions twice daily with diluted solution of povidone-iodine (betadine) and leave open to air
46
Age related macular degeneration
Causes permanent loss of central vision | Smokers at risk
47
Hypertension is silent killer
CVAs can be related to long term hypertension
48
Hyperthyroidism
Exophthalmos-requires ophthalmic drops Provide calm, restful environment Frequent high calorie snacks
49
Systemic lupus erythema
Auto immune | Joint pain, malaise, weight loss
50
Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Tired, coarse hair and skin, persistent weight gain
51
MI
Most common complication following MI is dysrhythmias, ventricular types most serious Generally related to coronary artery disease
52
Pneumonia
Crackles: Soft high pitched interrupted sounds heard on inspiration caused by fluid in the alveoli
53
Hyperparathyroidism
Abdominal discomfort, muscle weakness, diaphoresis | Report hematuria, sign of renal calculi
54
Opisthotonos
condition in which the body is held in an abnormal position. The person is usually rigid and arches the back, with the head thrown backward. If a person with opisthotonos lies on his or her back, only the back of the head and the heels touch the supporting surface. Meningitis
55
Rheumatoid arthritis
Contributes to mitral valve disease Plan of care: Heat, range of motion exercises, weight reduction, firm mattress Symptoms: symmetrical joint swelling, rheumatoid nodules
56
Orthostatic hypotension
Teaching: Arise slowly from bed and avoid standing still for long periods Lower limb compression devices aid in prevention
57
Schizophrenia
Inappropriate affect, expressions of feelings bizarre for situation Ex: client laughs while talking about being raped
58
Intermittent claudication
Pain in calf during exercise that disappears at rest | Ankle-brachial index
59
Respiratory acidosis
Treat: high fowlers, encourage coughing and deep breathing, evaluate airway patency
60
Pericardial friction rub
Harsh grating sounds heard best during inspiration
61
Shock
Low BP, high pulse, low resp Cool, clammy skin, and tachypnea Weak thready pulse Cyanotic, short of breath, complaining of pain Lower head of bed and place patient on left side -air will rise to right atrium, minimizes chance of air bubbles entering cerebral circulation
62
MS
Visual disturbances, weakness in extremities, muscle tremors Risk for Falls, skin breakdown, fatigue Avoid overexposure to heat (sauna, hot tubs, sunbathing) or cold Ambulated as tolerated ROM, stretching and strengthening Avoid alcohol Avoid crowded places (May cause infection)
63
Osteomalacia: adults Rickets: peds
Poor vitamin D and calcium | Bones become soft and weak
64
Respiratory alkalosis
Administer anti anxiety agent, assist patient with rebreathing device to increase O2 levels
65
Spina bifida
Spinal nerves destroyed by myelomeningocele can't be corrected
66
MVA don't leave pt alone if
Disorientation and irregular vital signs
67
Chronic renal failure
Increase intake of carbs to help maintain energy requirements
68
Rupture of membranes (ROM)
Assess for prolapsed cord If so, position patient supine with foot of bed elevated. Nurse would place 2 gloved fingers to push on presenting part to take pressure off cord. Prepare for csection.
69
Third trimester
Epigastric pain most concerning because indicative of an impending convulsion Shortness of breath expected Increased rectal pressure expected Diabetic: check blood sugar before meals, 2 hrs after meals and bedtime CONCERN if client taking less insulin than 2 mo ago bc would indicate placenta not functioning
70
Scoliosis
Brace ordered | Hold on rail down stairs to prevent falls
71
Thermal injury (burns)
Most concerning: Increased respiratory rate and decreased BP bc may indicate burn wound sepsis Muscle weakness and lethargy are signs of hypokalemia, which can occur on the third day after a burn; hypokalemia is caused by diuresis Report to doc if gastric pH is less than 5 bc client at risk for Curling's ulcer. May develop 24 hrs after severe burn injury (gastric pH 1-5)
72
Positive pregnancy
Fetal HR detected by Doppler 10-12 wks Active fetal movements palpable by examiner Outline of fetus by radiography or ultrasonography
73
SIADH
Low sodium | Weight increase
74
Shingles | Herpes zoster
Can care for non high risk clients, cover lesions, can't care for immunosuppressed clients until lesions have crusted Disseminated: airborne and contact precautions
75
Thumb sucking
Peaks at 18-20 mo, normal behavior, usually subsides after 24 mo Malocclusion occurs if thumb sucking persists past 4 yo or when permanent teeth erupt
76
Transition phase of labor
Pant with pursed lips to allow patient to control pain and urge to push and promotes oxygenation of fetus Cervix is 8-19 cm dilated with complete effacement; increased pressure in pelvis causes intense desire to urinate
77
Somogyi effect
Blood sugar goes down at 3 am and then high in am | Treat: bedtime snack with insulin
78
Wilm's tumor
Blood in urine, pain, fever Childhood (5yo) kidney cancer Don't palpate it or massage bc it may cause dissemination of cancer cells
79
Pyloric stenosis
Infant fussy and seems hungry all the time | Lethargic, dehydrated and malnourished
80
Infant with reflux
Head of bed at 30 degrees | Small volume, frequent feedings
81
Presumptive Pregnancy
``` Amenorrhea N/V Increased breast size and fullness Pronounced nipples Urinary frequency Quickening Fatigue Discoloration of vaginal discharge ```
82
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Decreased blood flow Low tolerance for exercise Increased venous pressure Mottled skin, coolness, loss of hair, dry skin Slow, steady walking to stimulate development of collateral circulation Walk until experiences pain, rest, resume walking
83
Placenta previa
Cannot deliver vaginally
84
Myelomeningocele
After repair: Head circumference measurement is important because of risk of hydrocephalus following surgery At risk to develop infection (meningitis) because of myelomeningocele sac; monitor for elevated temperature, irritability and lethargy
85
Ostomy
Change bag at least 1x/wk
86
Urinary catheter
If urine appears cloudy and foul-smelling, encourage client to increase fluid intake
87
Newborn cord
Clean it several times a day and expose it to air frequently | Should be dry with no redness
88
Meningitis
Isolation can be stopped 24 hrs after start of antibiotic therapy
89
Probable pregnancy
``` Uterine enlargement Hagar sign: softening of the uterine Goodells sign: softening of the cervix Chadwick's sign: blue cervix Ballotment: rebound of fetus Braxton hicks Positive test ```
89
Myasthenia gravis
Sudden inability to swallow or maintain patent airway Muscle weakness Precipitating factors: infection, stress
89
Ectopic pregnancy
Needs to be evaluated if 4 wks gestation reporting unilateral, dull abdominal pain If ruptured, fluid most important
89
Radical mastectomy
Position client in semi-fowler with the arm of the affected side elevated bc it facilitates removal of fluid from venous pathways and lymphatic system through gravity; arm elevated to enhance circulation and prevent edema
89
Pregnancy
``` 2-5 lb first trimester .66-1.1 lb/wk in second and third trimester Heart beat 3 wks Organs, circulatory 8 wks Formed 12 wks ```
89
Kaposi sarcoma lesions
Large, painful, purplish-brown open areas: Clean carefully with soap and water every day and cover with sterile dressing
89
Withdrawal
Pulse rate is good indicator of client's progress through withdrawal Increasingly elevated pulse signals impending alcohol withdrawal delirium, requiring more sedation
89
Parkinson's
Tremors, shuffling gait, rigidity | Stage IV: client is immobile-ROM exercise to all extremities 4x/day
89
Osteoarthritis
Warm up exercises should be done prior to exercising
89
Phantom pain
"Staying active will help decrease the episodes" Activity helps reduce frequency and degree of phantom pain Majority of clients feel pain for several months
90
Korsakoffs psychosis
Symptom: confabulation (in order to fill memory gaps, client invents elaborate, improbable happenings
91
Wernickes syndrome
Form of dementia that results from thiamine deficiency | symptoms: diplopia, nystagmus
92
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Caused by rodents symptoms: fever, aching, and nausea, may cause severe cardiopulmonary disease observe for hematuria, hematemesis, bleeding gums and melana
93
Supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT)
If child experiences another episode of sudden chest pain and dizziness, child should stick thumb in the mouth, close the mouth around it and then blow on the thumb as if it were a trumpet. This is a form of a vagal or Valsalva maneuver. Another possible vagal maneuver would include ice to the face, holding the breath and then bearing down, massaging the carotid artery on only one side of the Neck.
94
Acute epiglottis
Three-year-old leaning forward with mouth open, tongue protruding and drooling indicates acute epiglottitis. Sitting upright to breathe better, tongue protrusion increases pharyngeal movement; drooling caused by difficulty swallowing because of pain and excessive secretions.
95
Open angle glaucoma
Glaucoma is abnormal increase in intraocular pressure, leading to visual disability and blindness; obstruction of outflow of aqueous humor Symptoms: cloudy, blurry vision, or loss of vision, artificial lights appear to have rainbows are halos around them, decreased peripheral vision, pain, headache, nausea, vomiting Periodic to nonmotor readings 1 to 2 times a year; normal IOP is 10 to 21mm Hg Mydriatic eyedrops contra indicated
96
Emphysema
Perform pursed lip breathing
97
Dissociative identity disorde
At least two or more distinct alternative or subpersonalities; each of these has its own name and patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving; patient spontaneously turning when name is called indicates that subpersonalities are not in control

NCLEX (8 decks)

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