Drugs

Question 0

Clopidogrel

Answer 0

Platelet aggregation inhibitor - anticoagulant, anti thrombolytic

Adverse reactions: haemorrhage, rash

Question 1

Heparin

Answer 1

anticoagulant

Adverse reactions: hemmorhage, thrombocytopenia, local irritation.

Question 2

Apixaban (eliquis)

Answer 2

Anticoagulant, antithrombotic

Adverse reaction:hemorrhage,nausea,contusion

Question 3

Rivaroxaban

Answer 3

Antithrombotic-selective direct factor xa inhibitor

Question 4

Explain compound sodium lactate (CSL)

Answer 4

Uses: crystalloid solution, replace body fluids and mineral salts, useful when losses result in acidic blood
Contra: CHF, renal impairment, lactic acidosis treatment, states where Na, cl admin detrimental
Adverse: fluid overload, electrolyte dilution, over hydration, oedema, hypersensitivity, chest pain, tachy/bradycardia, coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, bronchospasm
Dose: based on age, weight and condition

Question 5

Explain Vancomycin

Answer 5

Use: antibiotic, used in severe burns and MRSA
Action: inhibit proper cell wall synthesis in gram +ve bacteria (not active against gram -ve bacteria)
Adverse: anaphylaxis, topic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, red man syndrome, superinfection, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, tinnitus, dizziness, ototoxicity

Question 6

Explain Meropenem

Answer 6

Use:antibiotic, gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria and anaerobic bacteria
Action: inhibits bacterial wall synthesis
Admin: must be given IV, dissolved in 5% mono basic K sulfate
Adverse: diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting, phlebitis, headache, rash,

Question 7

What is noradrenaline?

Answer 7

Action: increase CO and heart rate, renal perfusion and PVR and cause visible increases in BP
Dosage: 0.01-3mcg/kg/min IV infusion in CVC
Side effects: bradycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, headache, confusion, dyspnoea, nausea and vomiting

Question 8

What is tazozin?

Answer 8

Pipercillin/tazobactam
Action: antibiotic, antipsuedomonal penicillin + beta lactase inhibitor, inhibits cell wall synthesis
Dosage: 3.375g (IV) q6hr - max 13.5g
Side effects: DO NOT GIVE IF ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN, diarrhoea, headache, nausea/vomiting, oral candidiasis, rash and insomnia

Question 9

Explain oxycodone

Answer 9

Action: semi synthetic opioid analgesia
Dose: tablets and caps 5-80mg, ampoules and soltns
Contra: resp depression, resp conditions, CNS depression, cardiac arrhythmias, head injury, increased ICP, deliri
Adverse: GI upset, constipation, weakness, postural hypotension, drowsiness, confusion, resp depression, dependence, difficult micturition

Question 10

What is Fentanyl?

Answer 10

Action: opioid analgesic, regional anaesthetic
Dose: 50-100mcg
Contra: respiratory depression, increased ICP, head injury, opioid hypersensitivity
Adverse: resp/circulatory depression, muscle rigidity, myoclonic movements, dependence, bradycardia, hypotension and bronchospasm

Question 11

Explain dabigatran (paradaxa)

Answer 11

Action: thrombin inhibitor
Contra: severe renal impairment, haemorrhagic conditions
Adverse: bleeding, wound discharge, anaemia, haematuria,GI upset, abnormal LFTs, dizziness, dyspnoea, infection, hypersensitivity/anaphalaxis
Dose: 110-220mg/day