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PMOC lec > DRUGS > Flashcards

DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Are low molecular weight chemical substances that interact with macromolecular targets in the body to produce effect.

A

DRUGS

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2
Q

what the drug does to the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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3
Q
  • Body’s own natural chemicals
  • within
    ➢ Ex. Neurotransmitters, hormones, autacoids
A

endogenous compounds

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4
Q
  • Foreign substances such as drugs (Xenobiotics)
  • outside
A

exogenous compounds

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5
Q

drug is powerful and selective ; select this part when designing a drug

A

therapeutic

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6
Q

drug is less powerful.

A

subtherapeutic

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7
Q

drugs is less selective

A

toxic

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8
Q

what the body does to the drug

A

pharmacokinetics

k - katawan

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9
Q

GOAL: Design a drug that will interact as powerfully and selectively as possible for the target

A

pharmacodynamics

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10
Q

GOAL: Design a drug so that it is capable of reaching that target

A

pharmacokinetics

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11
Q

Dictates the fate or destiny of the drug (ADME)
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

A

pharmacokinetics

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12
Q
  • also called Liberation
  • extract and get the API away from excipient and dissolve (drug in aqueous solution) – pre-requisite for drug absorption.
A

Drug Release

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13
Q

process of drug entry into the systemic circulation ; wherein the drug in the GI tract will now proceed to the bloodstream

A

Absorption

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14
Q

main site for absorption

A

small intestine

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15
Q

main site of metabolism

A

liver

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16
Q

drug will be distributed to different organs and tissues (possess proteins and nucleic acids)

A

Distribution

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17
Q

composed of processes metabolism (chemical reaction that makes the drug inactive) and excretion (functional loss of the drug from the body)

A

Elimination

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18
Q

organ responsible for excretion

A

kidney

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19
Q

the most common mechanism controlling drug release.

A

Diffusion

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20
Q
  • Extract API from dosage form and done via dissolution process— aqueous solution.
  • When the conventional dosage forms are administered orally or topically, the active drug in the dosage form is immediately released and absorbed into the systemic circulation.
A

Liberation

21
Q

➢ Most complicated route due to numerous barriers
➢ GIT
➢ The most common and popular route

A

Oral administration

22
Q

tasks of organs that could transmit the drug to enter the blood.

A

absorption environment

23
Q

ABSORPTION ENVIRONMENT

❖ both have acidic and basic environment.
❖ pH 1.5-2 fed state (more production and release of hydrochloric acids)
❖ pH 2-6 fasting state

24
Q

ph level of fed state in stomach

25
Q

ph level of fasting state in stomach

26
Q

ABSORPTION ENVIRONMENT

❖ main site of absorption
❖ basic environment
❖ anatomical feature is high surface area because of the presence of villi and microvilli.
❖ greater perfusion

A

small intestine

27
Q

Drug is absorbed if it is

A

LUNA
Lipophilic (cell membrane is lipophilic; like dissolves like)
Unionized
Non-polar

28
Q

Drug is excreted if it is

A

HIPE
Hydrophilic
Ionized
Polar

29
Q

Drugs are weak ____

A

electrolytes
weak acids
weak bases

30
Q

acid + acid
basic + basic

A

unionized, absorbed

31
Q

acid + basic
basic + acid

A

ionized, excreted

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A weakly basic drug is absorbed in the small intestine because it exists in its lipophilic, unionized, and polar formed

A

FALSE - non polar

33
Q

➢ Less complication
➢ Direct to Systemic Circulation
➢ Rapidly distributed
➢ IV, IM, SC, Intraspinal, Intracerebral

A

Parenteral administration

34
Q

➢ Protects the brain from exposure to chemicals and metabolites, due to the presence of tightly joined epithelial cells lining the cerebral capillaries
➢ Lipophilic

A

Blood Brain Barrier

35
Q

Higher perfusion, ____ distribution

36
Q
  • Delivery of drug to the tissue is controlled by the specific blood flow to a given tissue.
  • Drug delivery to the target site
37
Q

Chemical conversion of drugs to make them inactive → HIPE

A

Biotransformation

38
Q

DRUG METABOLISM

All substances in the circulatory system, including drugs, metabolites, and nutrients, will pass through the

39
Q

are agents that are initially inactive and become active via metabolism

40
Q
  • Pre-systemic metabolism
  • Reduction of bioavailability = subtherapeutic
  • a significant proportion of a drug is metabolized by hepatic enzymes during the initial trip through the liver
  • Drug removal by the liver after absorption
A

First-pass effect

41
Q

➢ stimulate → enhance
➢ ↑ IA
➢ increased metabolism, ↓ Concentration in plasma

A

Enzyme induction

induce

42
Q

➢ decreased metabolism, ↑ Concentration in plasma

A

Enzyme inhibition

42
Q

drug reenters the intestinal tract from the liver through bile duct

A

Enterohepatic recirculation

43
Q

➢ Bile acid
➢ Reabsorption of bile acid
➢ Drugs such as Oral contraceptive pills

A

Biliary recycling

44
Q

EXCRETION

➢ Most abundant
➢ Majority of drugs are ____ excretion

A

urine / urinary

45
Q

EXCRETION | RENAL CLEARANCE

unbound (free) drug is passively
filtered by the glomerulus

A

Glomerular Filtration

46
Q

EXCRETION | RENAL CLEARANCE

drug is actively secreted → urine

A

tubular secretion

47
Q

EXCRETION | RENAL CLEARANCE

drug is passively reabsorbed back into the blood

A

Tubular reabsorption

PMOC lec (7 decks)

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