Drugs Flashcards
psychoactive drugs
a chemical substance that alters the brain, causing changes in perceptions and moods
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior
addiction
an everyday term for compulsive substance use (and sometimes for dysfunctional behavior patterns, such as out-of-control gambling) that continue despite harmful consequences
depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
hallucinogens
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
barbiturates
drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
opiates
drug that contains or is made from opium, tends to cause sleep and relieve pain, and causes physical and psychological dependence and addiction upon repeated or prolonged use
amphetamine
stimulant drugs that speed up messages between the brain and body.
methamphetamine
lab-made (synthetic) stimulant with high addiction potential. short-term effects typically include feelings of euphoria and increased alertness and energy. It can also cause serious negative health effects, including paranoia, anxiety, rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, stroke, or even death
cocaine
an illegal stimulant that speeds up the workings of the brain. The person using it feels euphoric because cocaine taps into the brain’s chemical reward system. Long-term cocaine use can lead to depression, psychosis and heart problems.
coffee (caffeine)
a stimulant that speeds up the central nervous system. It stimulates the brain, elevates the mood and postpones fatigue.
nicotine
involves physical and psychological factors that make it difficult to stop using tobacco, even if the person wants to quit. Nicotine releases a chemical called dopamine in the same regions of the brain as other addictive drugs.
MDMA
acts as both a stimulant and hallucinogen, producing an energizing effect, distortions in time and perception, and enhanced enjoyment of tactile experiences. Adolescents and young adults use it to reduce inhibitions and to promote: Euphoria, feelings of closeness, empathy, and sexuality.
