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ABOG > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

MOA/Adverse Effects

1
Q

NSAIDS
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

block cyclooxegenase (Cox), reduce prostaglandin levels (higher levels have been associated in women who experience excessive menstrual blood loss)

CIN: hypersensitivity, active GI ulcer, CKD and CLD, bleeding disorders

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2
Q

Omeprazole
MOA/Dose
A/E
CIN

A

MOA: PPI in gastric parietal cells
Dose: 20 mg qD
A/E: HA, abdominal pain, GI upset
CIN: hypersenstiivity to drug

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3
Q

Valtrex
MOA/Dose/A/E
Primary outbreak
Recurrent outbreak
Pregnancy suppression
CIN

A

MOA: anti-viral that inhibits DNA synthesis and replication
Primary outbreak: 1 gram BID x 7-10 days
Recurrent: 500 BID x 3 days
Pregnancy suppression: 500 BID
CIN: hypersensitivity

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4
Q

Metrondiazole
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, bateriocidal/trichomonacidal
Dose: 500 BID x 7 days
A/E: GI upset, hypersensitivity, metallic taste
CIN: caution history heart failure or hepatic failure, renal disease

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5
Q

Ceftriaxone
MOA/Dose/A/E

A

MOA: third gen cephalisporin, broad specrtrum gram negative
Dose: 500 mg IM (if <150 kg)
Dose: 1 grams qd (pyelonephritis)
A/E: injection pain, eosinophilia

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6
Q

Fentanyl

A

synthetic opioid

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7
Q

PTU

A

MOA: blocks synthesis of T4/T3
Dose: 100 TID
A/E: concerns for hepatic toxicity

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8
Q

Methimazole

A

MOA: blocks oxidation of iodine
Dose: 20 mg QD
A/E: aplasia cutis, esophageal atresia

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9
Q

Glyburide
MOA/Dose/A/E
Caution

A

MOA: increases insulin secretion by pancreases
Dose: 2.5 daily then BID

A/E: allergy sx
Caution: hypoglycemia (maternal and neonatal)
Crosses placenta freely

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10
Q

ursodiol
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: reduces cholesterol and hydrophilic bile acids (toxic)
Dose: 300 TID
Improvement in 1-2 weeks, bile acids improve 3-4 weeks
A/E: GI upset, back pain, dizziness
CIN: hypersensitivity

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11
Q

metformin
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver and stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral tissue

Dose: 500 mg x 1 week then increased to BID

A/E: GI upset, diarrhea

CIN: chronic renal disease (check Cr)

Counseling: absent long term data on neonate, readily crossest placenta, lack of superiority to insulin

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12
Q

Tranxexamic Acid
-MOA
-Dosing
-CIN

A

plasmin inhibitor, stabilizes fibrin matrix
1 gram IV in 100 ml solution, given over 10 minutes
CIN: history of color blindness, VTE, concomitant use of COCP

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13
Q

Nifedipine
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: CCB
Dose: 30 mg loading, then 10 mg q 4-6 hrs
Maternal AE: dizziness, flushing, suppression of heart rate, contractility
Fetal AE: none
CIN: HYPOTENSION, AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY (or other preload dependent lesions)

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14
Q

Terbutaline
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist- relaxation of smooth muscle found in bronchial, vascular and uterine tissues

Dose: 0.25 mg subQ every 20 min to 30 hours

Maternal A/E: tachycardia, HYPOTENSION, tremor, palpitations, SOB, pulmonary edema, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

Fetal A/E: tachycardia
CIN: tachycardia sensitive cardiac disease, poorly controlled DM

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15
Q

Indocin
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: NSAID
Dose: if < 32 weeks
50-100 mg po loading then half q 4-6 hours

Maternal: nausea, GERD, gastritis, emesis, plt dysfunction

Fetal: contracted ductus arterioles, olighydramnios, NEC, PDA, especially if used > 2 days
CIN: bleeding or plt disorder, hepatic or renal dysfunction, GI ulcerative disease, asthma (if hypersensitivity to ASA)

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16
Q

Magnesium
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN
Toxicity values: 9/12/30
Cautions

A

MOA: reduces calcium in uterine muscle, thus relaxes muscle
Dose: 4 grams followed by 1 gram per hour
Maternal A/E: flushing, diaphoresis, nausea, toxicity
Fetal A/E: neonatal depression
CIN: myasthenia Travis

When used with Nifedipine: suppressed heart rate and decreased LVP, neuromuscular blockade

When used with Terb: caution

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17
Q

Labetalol
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: beta agonist
Dose: 200 BID
20/40/80 IV push over 2 min, check BP every 10 min
Onset: minutes
Max daily dose: 300 mg
CIN: asthma, heart disease (MI/heart block), bradycardia

If not working… switch to Hydralazine 10 mg

18
Q

Nifedipine po
MOA
Dose
A/E
CIN

A

MOA: CCB
Dose: 10 mg PO
Repeat BP in 20 min, Can give 20 mg if elevated
Max dose: 180 mg daily

Onset: 10 min

A/E: reflex tachycardia, maternal HA

CIN: concomitant use with rifampin, phenobarbital (CYP)

19
Q

Clindamycin

A

MOA: suppresses protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal unit
Dose: 900 IV
A/E: C difficile
Caution: nephrotoxic

20
Q

Bactrim
MOA/Dose/CIN

A

MOA:blocks two steps in nucleic acid and protein synthesis

Dose: 160/800 mg

CIN: pregnancy - congenital malformations

21
Q

Macrobid
MOA

A

MOA: alters bacterial ribosomal proteins thus blocking cell wall synthesis
Dose: 100 BID X 5-7 days

22
Q

Keflex
MOA
Dose

A

MOA: blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis
Dose: 500 QID x 5-7 days UTI

23
Q

Clotrimazole

A

MOA: alters fungal cell membrane, fungistatic/cidal
A/E: abnormal LFT’s, local burning/pain
CIN:caution if liver disease

24
Q

Diflucan
MOA
Dose
A/E
CIN

A

MOA: alters fungal cell membrane
Dose: 150 mg, repeat 72 hours
A/E: HA, GI upset
CIN: hypersenstiivty, caution with erythromycin… CYP interaction

25
Q

Clobetasol
Dose
A/E

A

0.5% Clobetasol
A/E: hypopigmentation, skin atrophy, dry skin

26
Q

GNRH Agonist (Depot Lupron)
Dose
Duration

A

3.75 mg q mo or 11.25 q 3 mo
Fibroids/Endo: up to 12 months (need add back after 6)

Add back: Estrogen 0.625 + Norethindrone 0.5 mg

Norethindrone: helps with BMD loss
RX CA 1000 mg rx

27
Q

GNRH Antagonist (Orlissa)
Duration

A

Dose: 300 BID + Estradiol 1 mg + Norethindrone 0.5 mg
Fibroids: up to 2 yrs with add back

28
Q

Vasopressin
MOA
Dose

A

Moa: vasoconstrictor
Dose: 20 units in 100 ml

29
Q

Dicloxacillin
MOA/Dose/A/E
CIN

A

MOA: penicillin
Dose: 500 mg QID x 10 days
A/E: GI upset
CIN: hypersensitivity, live bacterial vaccines,

30
Q

Oxytocin Labor
Dose
Where is it made?

A

Dose: 1-2 mill unit every 30 minutes
MOA: increases calcium levels in uterine muscle, stimulates prostaglandin

Produced in hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior pituitary

31
Q

Prostaglandin- cytotec

A

MOA: prostaglandin E1
Dose: 25 mcg q 4 hours
A/E tachysystole
CIN: prior uterine scar > 28 weeks

32
Q

Methotrexate
MOA
Dose
CIN

A

MOA: blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting dehydrate folate reductase

Dose: 50 mg/m2, 50 mg/BSA which is comprised of height and weight

CIN: IUP pregnancy also, ruptured ectopic, breast feeding, active liver/peptic disease, unreliable to follow up

33
Q

Acyclovir Dosing
Primary
Recurrent
Prophylaxis

A

Primary 400 TID X 7-10 days
Recurrent: 400 TID x 5 days
Suppression: 400 TID

34
Q

PPROM Antibiotics
Total treatment x 7 days

A

Amp 2 grams IV x 48 hours + Azithromycin 1 gram po
Amoxicillin 500 po 8 hrs x 5 days

35
Q

3hr GTT Cut offs

A

180/155/140/95
*two elevated = GDM

36
Q

GDM PP follow up

A

2 hr GTT 6 weeks pp, then q 3 yrs

37
Q

Hydralazine
MOA/Dose/AE
CIN

A

MOA: vasodilator thus reduced BP
Dose: 5/5/10 mg , check BP in 20 minutes
Max dose: 20 mg
Onset: 10-20 min
A/E: maternal HA, hypotension, FHR abnormalities
CIN: CAD, rheumatic heart disease of mitral valve

38
Q

Lorazepam
Dose

A

4 mg over 2 min push

39
Q

Phenytoin Dose

A

400 mg IV

40
Q

Magnesium sulfate
Dose
How to draw up the solution

A

4 grams over 15 minutes

Use 20 ml syringe, draw up 4 grams MgSo4 50%, (8 ml) + 12 ml sterile saline = (20% solution).

41
Q

Aspirin
MOA for pre-e prevention
CIN

A

reducing productions of thromboxane on platelets and acts as an anti-inflamattory

Thromboxane essentially promoted vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.

CIN: allergy to ASA or NSAIDS, nasal polyps with risk of bronchospasm or asthma associated with bronchospasm, active peptic ulcer

42
Q

Cardinal Movements of Labor

A

ED FIRE REX

engangement
descent
flexion
IR
extension
restitution
expulsion

ABOG (16 decks)

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