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Repro 2 > drugs > Flashcards

drugs Flashcards

1
Q

progestogens

A

most frequently used method

in male animals = prevents sexually related behaviour eg spraying

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2
Q

contraceptive effects of progestogens

A

negative feedback effect on hypothalamus + pituitary
-> prevents stimulation of follicle growth and ovulation (continuous high conc suppress FSH+ LH production)

sufficient estrogen production may continue to stimulate some follicle growth and estradiol production
-> oestrus behaviour may still occur

impede movement of sperm and eggs to site of fertilisation

interfere with implantation

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3
Q

side effects of progestogens

A

depend on type, dose, duration and age of animal

less if given in anestrus and small doseas

increase appetite, weight gain, lethargy, alopecia, adrenocortical suppression, acromegaly symptoms

uterine pathology - CEH, pyometra

mammary gland neoplasia

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4
Q

medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

long lasting injection
2mg/kg SC or 5mg PO for 21d max
return to estrus in 2-9 months
most adrogenic and immunosuppresivem

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5
Q

melengestrol acetate

A

temporary estrus suppression (can be used with GnRH agonist)

2.2mg/kg PO for 8 d early in proestrus

2-4w administration during anestrus

antiadrogenic, antiestrogenic, cortisol agent

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6
Q

proligestone

A

estrus suppression
10-30mg/kg SC repeated at 3+7 month post 1st injection
return to estrus in 9-12 moths (up to 2-3years)
antigonadotropic, less progestognenic than other

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7
Q

contraception GnRH (agonist)

A

suppression of GnRH -> suppression of repro steroid hormones and so decrease sexual behaviour and fertility etc

worry over effect on non-target tissue

bind to GnRH receptors in pituitary and cause down regulation -> continuous administration -> complete suppression

pros = good for male and female suppression estrus behaviour reversbiel

conc
= initial inducement of estrus and increase in temp (due to FSH and LH)
slow onset and variable duration injection or SC implant

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8
Q

deslorelin

A

implant for male (females and cats too)
4.7mg for 6m, 9.4mg for 12 m
dose dependent time for return to feritlity

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9
Q

nafarelin

A

18.5mg SC implant
-> 2ug/kg/day SC
last 8-11 mo after removal of implant im bitches and 3 year in cats

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10
Q

GnRH antagonist

A

block GnRH receptors on pituitary cells without causing initial stimautlion of sexual behaviour

expensive - peptide on non-peptide molecules

generations: detirelix, acilin, degarelix, cetrorelix

pros = suppression for short time, suppresses estrus behaviour, reversible
non-peptides = cheaper and can be given PO, effect starts quicklyy

cons
= frequent applciation
reversible
no depo or long acting formaultions
first gen can cause histamine reaction in dogs

not in early pregnancy (LH)
2nd gen = luteal suppression + preg termination
3rd gen= preg termination and progesterone, decrease without side effects

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11
Q

zinc gluconate

A

esterilsol
direct injection in to testes (need sedation and analgesia)a

if given to prepubertal males then permanent sterilisatin

destroys sperm cells, followed y shrinking and scarring of epididymis and seminiferous tubules

in adult males take sup to 6 weeks to achieve sterilisation

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12
Q

vinycyclohexane diepoxide (VCD)

A

for females
eliminates primordial follicles by accelerating nuatral process of follicular atresia -> ovarian failrure

no estrus behaviour and permanent sterility

pros = permanent, low cost, convenient, easy, no need for surgeery

cons = irreversible side effects may need surgery

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13
Q

immunocontraception

A

humour and cell-median immune response against specific proteins or tissues involved in reproduction

problems = lack of antigenicity of repo specific proteins
desire to not block function of those proteins in non-target tissues
inflamm response associate with immune reaction that may damaged surround tissue

potential immunogenicity = GnRH, zona pellcudia, LH, FSH, egg and sper, specific proteins

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14
Q

melatonin

A

for cats
PO for 30-35d - implant better
short tem suppression -> 2-4 months, reversible, caution - initial induction of esters 12-18mg

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15
Q

izoquinoline derivatives

A

not safe in dogs - GI signs, anorexia, possible birth of live, CEH, pyometra

15-20d of pregnancy interfere with implantation

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16
Q

progesterone blockers

A

synthetic steroids that act as competitive inhibitors of progesteroen

mitepristone = too exepsnvei
aglepristone = up to 45d of pregnancy, 10mg/kg SC 2x in 24h, 0-25d for prevention, 26-45d = induces abortion/aresopriotn within 7d

US after 20d if earl in pregnancy or 8d if middle of pregnancy

mild, if any side effects - discharge, shortened interesutrous period, prolactin and mamary gland enlargement

17
Q

prostaglandins in F2a

A

luteolytic and utertonic action

natural = dinoprosvt. synthetic = cloprostenol

dinoprosvt
= dose dependent side effects: hyper salivation, decreased HR, vomiting, that stops 1 h after admin, gradually increase dosage

cloprostenol
= more potent but decreased side effects, from 200-120d

18
Q

progesterone synthesis blockers

A

competitive inhibition
possible interference with steroidogenesis from adrenal

19
Q

dopamine agonist

A

effect D2 receptors -> decrease prolactin secretion -> decrease progesterone

decrease prolactin -> luteolytiss
bromocriptine = strong effect,ataxia and omiting

cabergoline = more efficient in smaller dose, milder side effects, movre peicfi cD2 receptors agonist and eodesn’t cross BBB as easy, efficient after 30d,

20
Q

combined therapy

A

D2 agonists and PGF2a
-> 100% effective from day 25+, less side effects, don’t have to give everyday , cabergoline PO

aglespristone and PGF

misopristol = synthetic analogue of PGE, intravaginal - causes cervical dilation
combo with anglepirston = abortion in shorter duration (6d)

21
Q

oestrogens

A

banned in EU s
strong side effects
give 6-10 d post copulation
- extends the time embryo spends in oviduct and prevent migration to uterus -> embryo degeneration and abortion

22
Q

antiestogens and amoxifen

A

selective inhibitor of estrogneic receptors with strong antiestrogenic effect on mammal gland

estrogenic effect in bitch

100% effective from 15th day of destroys
side effects

23
Q

glucocorticoids

A

dex
effective from mid pregnancy
-> if before 40d no fetoal expulsion
therapy continued until death of all confirmed

side effected = anorexia, PUPD, stop after a few days, transit adrenal suppress

steroid levels bam to normal within a week of sotopping

24
Q

mibolerone

A

at least 30 d before expected estrus
for up to 5 yera
next cycle in 70d
hepatotoxic effect in bedingotons

25
Q

GnRH toxin conjugates

A

GnRH coupled to a toxin or protein sntehssi inhibtors

bind to GnRH redeptors in target cell, internalisation of complex + release of toxin-> cell death so ermine sterility

little or no off target toxicity

26
Q
A

Repro 2 (4 decks)

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