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Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications of morphine?

A

Significant pain, sedation, and autonomic dysreflexia (systolic BP >160 mmHg)

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2
Q

What are the contraindications of morphine?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, kidney disease

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3
Q

What are the side effects of morphine?

A

Bradycardia, drowsiness, nausea and/or vomiting, hypotension, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression

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4
Q

What is the adult IM dosage for morphine?

A

> 70 yrs : 2.5-5mg repeated at up to 5mg every 10 minutes. max dose 10mg.
< 70 yrs: 2.5-10mg repeated at up to 5mg every 10 minutes. max dose 20mg.

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5
Q

What are the indications of fentanyl?

A

Significant pain, sedation, autonomic dysreflexia, and RSI

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6
Q

What are the contraindications of fentanyl?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction

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7
Q

What are the side effects of fentanyl?

A

Bradycardia, drowsiness, nausea and/or vomiting, hypotension, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and muscular rigidity

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8
Q

What is the adult IM dosage for fentanyl?

A

> 70 yrs : 25-50 microg repeated at up to 50 microg every 10 minutes. max dose 100 microg.
< 70 yrs: 25-100 microg repeated at up to 50 microg every 10 minutes. max dose 200 microg

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9
Q

What are the indications of methoxyflurane?

A

Pain

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10
Q

What are the contraindications of methoxyflurane?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, patients < 1 year, history of significant liver or renal disease, and history of malignant hyperthermia

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11
Q

What are the side effects of methoxyflurane?

A

Altered level of consciousness, cough, renal/hepatic failure (following repeated high dose exposure)

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12
Q

What is the adult dosage for methoxyflurane?

A

3mL repeated once after 20 minutes. Max dose 6mL.

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13
Q

What are the indications of paracetamol?

A

Mild to moderate pain, and fever (causing distress)

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of paracetamol?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, and patients < 1 month old

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15
Q

What are the side effects of paracetamol?

A

Nausea

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16
Q

What is the adult dosage for paracetamol?

A

0.5g-1g. Must not be administered within 4 hours of previous paracetamol administration. Repeated every 4 hours. max dose 4g in 24 hrs

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17
Q

What are the indications of ibuprofen?

A

Moderate pain due to acute inflammation and tissue injury

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18
Q

What are the contraindications of ibuprofen?

A

Heart failure, pregnancy, ACE inhibitor OR ARB therapy, patients less than 13 years old OR older than 65 years, patients taking anticoagulant medications, and diuretic treatment

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19
Q

What are the side effects of ibuprofen?

A

Nausea, dyspepsia, GI bleeding, and dizziness

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20
Q

What is the adult dosage for ibuprofen?

A

200-400mg. Must not be administered within 6 hours of previous ibuprofen administration

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21
Q

What are the indications of sucrose 24%?

A

Short-term procedural pain management (eg. IV cannulation) and distress due to pain

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22
Q

What are the contraindications of sucrose 24%?

A

Patients > 12 months, sucrose intolerance, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, concurrent muscle relaxant/paralysis therapy

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23
Q

What are the side effects of sucrose 24%?

A

Hyperglycaemia

24
Q

What is the paediatric dosage for sucrose 24%?

A

0-1 month: 0.1mL (2 drops)
2-12 months: 0.5mL (10 drops)
May be repeated once at 5 minutes

25
What are the indications of ondansetron?
Significant nausea AND/OR vomiting
26
What are the contraindications of ondansetron?
Absolute: Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, congenital long QT syndrome, Current apomorphine therapy, and patients < 2 years Relative: First tri pregnancy
27
What are the side effects of ondansetron?
Common: headache, constipation Rare: Hypersensitivity reactions and ECG changes
28
What is the adult dosage for ondansetron?
PO/IM: 4-8 mg. max dose of 8 mg. must not be given within 8 hours of previous administration. IV: 4-8 mg slow push over 2-3 minutes. max dose 8mg.
29
What are the precautions for morphine?
Hypotension, respiratory tract burns, respiratory depression and/or failure, known addiction to narcotics, concurrent MAOI therapy, cardiac chest pain.
30
What is the paediatric IM dose for morphine?
> 1 year: 100-200 microg/kg single max dose of 5 mg total max dose 200 microg/kg
31
What is the paediatric IV dose for morphine?
> 1 year: 100 microg/kg single max dose 2.5mg repeated at 50 microg/kg at 5 min intervals total max dose 200microg/kg
32
What is the adult IV dose for morphine?
>70 yrs/cachectic or frail: 2.5 mg, repeated up to 2.5mg every 5 mins, max dose 10mg <70 yrs: 2.5mg-5mg, repeated up to 5mg every 5 mins, max dose 20mg
33
What are the precautions for fentanyl?
Hypotension, respiratory tract burns, respiratory depression and/or failure, known addiction to narcotics, current MAOI therapy.
34
What is the adult IV dose for fentanyl?
>70 yrs: 25 microg, repeated up to 25 microg every 5 mins, max dose 100 microg <70 yrs: 25-50 microg, repeated up to 50 microg every 5 mins, max dose 200 microg
35
What is the adult NAS dose for fentanyl?
>70 yrs: 25-50 microg, repeated up to 50 microg every 10 mins, max dose 100 microg <70 yrs: 50-100 microg, repeated up to 100 microg every 10 mins, max dose 200 microg
36
What is the paediatric IM dose for fentanyl?
> 1 year: 1-2 microg/kg single max dose 50 microg total max dose 2 microg/kg
37
What is the paediatric IV dose for fentanyl?
>1 year: 1 microg/kg single max dose 25 microg repeated at 0.5 microg/kg at 5 min intervals total max dose 2 microg/kg
38
What is the paediatric NAS dose for fentanyl?
>1 year: 1.5microg/kg single max dose 50 microg repeated once at 1 microg/kg at 10 mins total max dose 100 microg
39
What is the indication for dexamethasone?
Croup
40
What are the contraindications for dexamethasone?
Allergy AND/OR ADR Children < 6 months OR > 8 years (consultation required) Steroid administration within 4 hours
41
What is the paediatric dose for dexamethasone?
PO: 0.3mg/kg (rounded to the nearest 0.5mL) Total max dose 0.6mg/kg (or 12mg)
42
What are the indications for ipratropium bromide?
Moderate bronchospasm (unresponsive to initial QAS salbutamol NEB) Severe bronchospasm
43
What are the contraindications for ipratropium bromide?
Allergy AND/OR ADR Patients < 1 year
44
What are the side effects of ipratropium bromide?
Dilated pupils Dry mouth Palpatations
45
What is a precaution for ipratropium bromide?
Glaucoma
46
What is the adult dose for ipratropium bromide?
NEB: 500 mcg, repeated at 20 minute intervals, total maximum dose - 1.5mg
47
What is the paediatric dose for ipratropium bromide?
NEB - > 6 years - 500mcg, max dose 1.5mg 1-5 years - 250mcg, max dose 750mcg
48
What are the indications for salbutamol?
Bronchospasm Suspected hyperkalaemia (with QRS widening AND/OR AV dissociation)
49
What are the contraindications for salbutamol?
Allergy AND/OR ADR Patients < 1 year
50
What are the precautions for salbutamol?
APO Ischaemic heart disease
51
What are the side effects of salbutamol?
Anxiety Tachyarrhythmias Termors Hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis
52
When using MDI, what is the adult dose of salbutamol?
12 (1.2mg) MDI inhalations repeated at 10 mins. no max dose
53
When using MDI, what is the paediatric dose of salbutamol?
1-5 years - 6 (600mcg) MDI inhalations, single dose > 6 years - 12 (1.2mg) MDI inhalations
54
What is the NEB adult dose for salbutamol?
5mg, repeated PRN. no max dose
55
What is the NEB paediatric dose for salbutamol?
1 - 5 years - 2.5mg > 6 years - 5mg Repeated PRN, no max dose

Paramedicine (5 decks)

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