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Paramedicine > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications of morphine?

A

Significant pain, sedation, and autonomic dysreflexia (systolic BP >160 mmHg)

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2
Q

What are the contraindications of morphine?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, kidney disease

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3
Q

What are the side effects of morphine?

A

Bradycardia, drowsiness, nausea and/or vomiting, hypotension, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression

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4
Q

What is the adult IM dosage for morphine?

A

> 70 yrs : 2.5-5mg repeated at up to 5mg every 10 minutes. max dose 10mg.
< 70 yrs: 2.5-10mg repeated at up to 5mg every 10 minutes. max dose 20mg.

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5
Q

What are the indications of fentanyl?

A

Significant pain, sedation, autonomic dysreflexia, and RSI

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6
Q

What are the contraindications of fentanyl?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction

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7
Q

What are the side effects of fentanyl?

A

Bradycardia, drowsiness, nausea and/or vomiting, hypotension, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and muscular rigidity

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8
Q

What is the adult IM dosage for fentanyl?

A

> 70 yrs : 25-50 microg repeated at up to 50 microg every 10 minutes. max dose 100 microg.
< 70 yrs: 25-100 microg repeated at up to 50 microg every 10 minutes. max dose 200 microg

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9
Q

What are the indications of methoxyflurane?

A

Pain

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10
Q

What are the contraindications of methoxyflurane?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, patients < 1 year, history of significant liver or renal disease, and history of malignant hyperthermia

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11
Q

What are the side effects of methoxyflurane?

A

Altered level of consciousness, cough, renal/hepatic failure (following repeated high dose exposure)

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12
Q

What is the adult dosage for methoxyflurane?

A

3mL repeated once after 20 minutes. Max dose 6mL.

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13
Q

What are the indications of paracetamol?

A

Mild to moderate pain, and fever (causing distress)

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of paracetamol?

A

Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, and patients < 1 month old

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15
Q

What are the side effects of paracetamol?

A

Nausea

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16
Q

What is the adult dosage for paracetamol?

A

0.5g-1g. Must not be administered within 4 hours of previous paracetamol administration. Repeated every 4 hours. max dose 4g in 24 hrs

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17
Q

What are the indications of ibuprofen?

A

Moderate pain due to acute inflammation and tissue injury

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18
Q

What are the contraindications of ibuprofen?

A

Heart failure, pregnancy, ACE inhibitor OR ARB therapy, patients less than 13 years old OR older than 65 years, patients taking anticoagulant medications, and diuretic treatment

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19
Q

What are the side effects of ibuprofen?

A

Nausea, dyspepsia, GI bleeding, and dizziness

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20
Q

What is the adult dosage for ibuprofen?

A

200-400mg. Must not be administered within 6 hours of previous ibuprofen administration

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21
Q

What are the indications of sucrose 24%?

A

Short-term procedural pain management (eg. IV cannulation) and distress due to pain

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22
Q

What are the contraindications of sucrose 24%?

A

Patients > 12 months, sucrose intolerance, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, concurrent muscle relaxant/paralysis therapy

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23
Q

What are the side effects of sucrose 24%?

A

Hyperglycaemia

24
Q

What is the paediatric dosage for sucrose 24%?

A

0-1 month: 0.1mL (2 drops)
2-12 months: 0.5mL (10 drops)
May be repeated once at 5 minutes

25
Q

What are the indications of ondansetron?

A

Significant nausea AND/OR vomiting

26
Q

What are the contraindications of ondansetron?

A

Absolute: Allergy AND/OR adverse drug reaction, congenital long QT syndrome, Current apomorphine therapy, and patients < 2 years
Relative: First tri pregnancy

27
Q

What are the side effects of ondansetron?

A

Common: headache, constipation
Rare: Hypersensitivity reactions and ECG changes

28
Q

What is the adult dosage for ondansetron?

A

PO/IM: 4-8 mg. max dose of 8 mg. must not be given within 8 hours of previous administration.
IV: 4-8 mg slow push over 2-3 minutes. max dose 8mg.

29
Q

What are the precautions for morphine?

A

Hypotension, respiratory tract burns, respiratory depression and/or failure, known addiction to narcotics, concurrent MAOI therapy, cardiac chest pain.

30
Q

What is the paediatric IM dose for morphine?

A

> 1 year: 100-200 microg/kg
single max dose of 5 mg
total max dose 200 microg/kg

31
Q

What is the paediatric IV dose for morphine?

A

> 1 year: 100 microg/kg
single max dose 2.5mg
repeated at 50 microg/kg at 5 min intervals
total max dose 200microg/kg

32
Q

What is the adult IV dose for morphine?

A

> 70 yrs/cachectic or frail: 2.5 mg, repeated up to 2.5mg every 5 mins, max dose 10mg
<70 yrs: 2.5mg-5mg, repeated up to 5mg every 5 mins, max dose 20mg

33
Q

What are the precautions for fentanyl?

A

Hypotension, respiratory tract burns, respiratory depression and/or failure, known addiction to narcotics, current MAOI therapy.

34
Q

What is the adult IV dose for fentanyl?

A

> 70 yrs: 25 microg, repeated up to 25 microg every 5 mins, max dose 100 microg
<70 yrs: 25-50 microg, repeated up to 50 microg every 5 mins, max dose 200 microg

35
Q

What is the adult NAS dose for fentanyl?

A

> 70 yrs: 25-50 microg, repeated up to 50 microg every 10 mins, max dose 100 microg
<70 yrs: 50-100 microg, repeated up to 100 microg every 10 mins, max dose 200 microg

36
Q

What is the paediatric IM dose for fentanyl?

A

> 1 year: 1-2 microg/kg
single max dose 50 microg
total max dose 2 microg/kg

37
Q

What is the paediatric IV dose for fentanyl?

A

> 1 year: 1 microg/kg
single max dose 25 microg
repeated at 0.5 microg/kg at 5 min intervals
total max dose 2 microg/kg

38
Q

What is the paediatric NAS dose for fentanyl?

A

> 1 year: 1.5microg/kg
single max dose 50 microg
repeated once at 1 microg/kg at 10 mins
total max dose 100 microg

39
Q

What is the indication for dexamethasone?

A

Croup

40
Q

What are the contraindications for dexamethasone?

A

Allergy AND/OR ADR
Children < 6 months OR > 8 years (consultation required)
Steroid administration within 4 hours

41
Q

What is the paediatric dose for dexamethasone?

A

PO: 0.3mg/kg (rounded to the nearest 0.5mL)
Total max dose 0.6mg/kg (or 12mg)

42
Q

What are the indications for ipratropium bromide?

A

Moderate bronchospasm (unresponsive to initial QAS salbutamol NEB)
Severe bronchospasm

43
Q

What are the contraindications for ipratropium bromide?

A

Allergy AND/OR ADR
Patients < 1 year

44
Q

What are the side effects of ipratropium bromide?

A

Dilated pupils
Dry mouth
Palpatations

45
Q

What is a precaution for ipratropium bromide?

A

Glaucoma

46
Q

What is the adult dose for ipratropium bromide?

A

NEB: 500 mcg, repeated at 20 minute intervals, total maximum dose - 1.5mg

47
Q

What is the paediatric dose for ipratropium bromide?

A

NEB - > 6 years - 500mcg, max dose 1.5mg
1-5 years - 250mcg, max dose 750mcg

48
Q

What are the indications for salbutamol?

A

Bronchospasm
Suspected hyperkalaemia (with QRS widening AND/OR AV dissociation)

49
Q

What are the contraindications for salbutamol?

A

Allergy AND/OR ADR
Patients < 1 year

50
Q

What are the precautions for salbutamol?

A

APO
Ischaemic heart disease

51
Q

What are the side effects of salbutamol?

A

Anxiety
Tachyarrhythmias
Termors
Hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis

52
Q

When using MDI, what is the adult dose of salbutamol?

A

12 (1.2mg) MDI inhalations repeated at 10 mins. no max dose

53
Q

When using MDI, what is the paediatric dose of salbutamol?

A

1-5 years - 6 (600mcg) MDI inhalations, single dose
> 6 years - 12 (1.2mg) MDI inhalations

54
Q

What is the NEB adult dose for salbutamol?

A

5mg, repeated PRN. no max dose

55
Q

What is the NEB paediatric dose for salbutamol?

A

1 - 5 years - 2.5mg
> 6 years - 5mg
Repeated PRN, no max dose

Paramedicine (4 decks)

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