Drugs Flashcards
Salbutamol
Used for asthma + obstruction
Not for prem labour, preg complications, pulmonary htn and MI risk/heart disease
Hypokalaemia with corticosteroids, diuretics, hypoxia
Can get arrhythmia, headache, nausea, muscle cramps
Ok to breast feed
Gauifenesin or glyceryl guaiacolate
Expectorants for over 6s
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Avanafil, sidenafil tadanavil
- erectile dysfunction
Can give low bp, headaches, vasodilation. Not for sickle cell anaemia
Side- pulmonary arterial htn treated too
Tada- also treats bph
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Roflumilast
Anti inflammatory and helps with bronchodilators for severe copd and chronic bronchitis
X with cancer immunosuppressant, depression, breastfeeding, pregnancy,hepatic impairment.
Side effects dec appetite, gi issues, headache, insomnia, weight loss
Also theophylline is similar takes p450
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Adjunct prophylaxis for chronic asthma or symptom management of seasonal allergic rhinitis in those with asthma
Eg ipratropium
In general side effects: diarrhoea, fever, gi discomfort, headache, nausea, skin reaction, upper rti and vomiting. Not for pregnancy nor breastfeeding. Take with food
Ipratropium
Muscarinic antagonist and and anticholinergic
For asthma
Ipratropium bromide 4 asthma and copd.
Don’t give ipratropium with ipratropium bromide
Side effects arrhythmia, constipation, cough, dizzy, dry mouth, headache, nausea
Digoxin
Cardiac glycoside for arrhythmia + symptoms of heart failure
Don’t give with hypomagnesia and Hypokalaemia
For afib flutter and heart failure- increases contraction and reduces conductivity
Half the dose ig with amiodarone, dronedarone, quinine
Risk of hypercalcaemia
Stop in elderly if not improving
Side effects: arrhythmia, cardiac conduction disorder, cerebral impairment, diarrhoea, dizziness, eosinophilia, nausea, skin reaction, visual disturbance, vomiting
Calcium channel blockers: dihydropyridines
Amlodipine, nifedipine, nimodipine
Lowers blood pressure and vascular relaxation
Amylodipine x give W/ heart failure bc can depress cardiac function and increase mortality after MI for left vent + pulmonary congestion
Nifedipine relaxes vascular smooth muscle + dilates coronary and peripheral arteries. More artery focus and doesn’t risk heart failure
Nimodipine prefers cerebral arteries and is used to prevent and treat vascular spasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Calcium channel blockers:
Non dihydropyridines
Verapamil hydrochloride, Diltiazem hydrochloride
Lowers blood pressure and vascular relaxation
Verapamil hydrochloride for angina, htn, arrhythmia, x use with beta blockers- can give hypotension and commonly constipation
Diltiazem hydrochloride for most anginas and htn. If betas don’t work. Risk bradycardia
Thiazide diuretics
Inc filtration and flow and dec htn. Inhibits na-cl cotransporter of dct. Relieve oedema from chronic heart failure and in lower doses for reduced blood pressure
Aldosterone antagonist spironolactone potentiates thiazides and loops eg with furosemide
Acts 1-2hrs in, give early in the day so doesn’t affect sleep
Bendroflumethiazide for mild-moderate heart failure
Chlortalidone and indapamide are preferred for htn
Indapamide makes vasodilation
Risk of Hypokalaemia with diuretics
Risk encephalopathy if had alcoholic cirrhosis
X with addisons, hyperkalaemia, hearing loss
Be careful with diabetes mellitus, hyperaldosteronism, malnourishment, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematus
Indapamide is better with Dm
Metolazone is good alongside loops but risk of diuresis
Chlortalidone can be used for cirrhosis ascites if stable or nephrotic oedema for htn or heart failure or diabetes insipidus
Loop diuretics
Used in pulmonary oedema due to left ventricular failure. Also chronic heart failure. Loops affect pct na-cl channels
Can make diabetes worse
Furosemide and bumetanide act within 1hr and takes 6hrs.
For diuretic resistant pulmonary oedema- but not lymph or venous statis or ca blockers- should use tocasemide. Can also use for htn
K+ sparing diuretics
Work with na reabsorption in collecting duct.
Amiloride hydrochloride and triamterene cause retention if potassium and used as an adjunct for resistant cases. Wi k supps ace or arbs leads to hyperkalaemia
Aldosterone antagonist spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist spironolactone potentiates thiazides and loops eg with furosemide. Good for oedema and cirrhosic ascites and primary hyper aldosteronism /conns syndrome before surgery
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic for cerebral oedema and inc intraoccular pressure
Fluconazole
For candida balanitis/vaginitis or oropharynx (1 day vs 1-2wks)
Also for tinea pedis, corporis (ringworm), pityriasis versicolour, dermal candidiasis
Don’t give with acute porphyrias
Gi reactions and rash common. X for pregnancy or liver impairment
Can also use ketoconazole transdermally
Angiotensin converting enzyme/ ACE inhibitors
Heart meds to dialate vessels for flow and pressure
X for history of angioedema, diuretics, dialysis, atherosclerosis - risk of Reno vascular disease
Not for elderly with postural drop or hyperkal
Not with dialysis due to anaphylaxis
Can get alopecia, angina, arrhythmia, GI issues, myalgia, dry cough, headache, rash
X for pregnancy
Enalapril, lisinopril, perinaopril
Ramipril also used for prophylaxis after MI
Don’t give w aliskiren/diabetes for gi upset risk of infection and muscle spazm
Angiotensin receptor blockers ARBs
Heart meds to dialate vessels for flow and pressure
Given if aces show side effects.
Possible side effects here = dizziness, headache, cold symptoms.
Includes candesartan, Losartan
Candesartan for htn, heart failure, preventing future strokes, heart attacks, kidney issues. 2nd choice.
X if had diarrhoea or vomiting, kidney transplant, low salt diet, diabetes, liver issues, hypotension, pregnant/trying or breastfeeding.
Not to be used with aspirin, heparin, ibuprofen, celecoxib, diuretics, lithium, spironolactone
Alpha blockers
Competitive for symp activity/ nerves on blood vessels. Some are non competitive- phenoxybenzamine = prolonged action. Makes vasodilation for arteries and veins. Even works for pheochromocytoma. 1st line for htn terazosin and doxazosin
Doxazosin- for htn bph. Be careful with syncope posture or micturition, cataract surgery, pulmonary oedema or heart failure
Side effects- arrhythmia, cough, drowsy, cystitis, gi issues, vertigo and skin reactions
X for breastfeeding
Methotrexate
For DMARD inflammation and cancer chemotherapy. For crohns, rheumatoid arthritis and severe psoriasis.
X give with photosensitivity, dehydration, diarrhoea.
Bone marrow suppression and stomatitis can occur.
Side effects if intrathecal- necrotising demyelinating leukoencephalopathy, neurotoxicity. Orally- anemia, diarrhoea, headache, inc risk of infection
Folic acid can reduce side effects. Not safe for pregnancy nor breastfeeding.
Sodium picosulphate
Stimulant laxative with magnesium citrate increases stool vis inhibit water absorption and activating peristalsis
X give with intestinal obstruction
Can cause diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting
Misoprostol
Synthetic prostaglandin analogue for less secretion of gi and duodenal ulcers. Also uterine stimulant for abortion at 9 weeks after initial dose of mifepristone 24hrs before Can induce labour topically For benign gastric or duodenal ulcer X with cardiovascular disease Can give nausea, rash, vomiting Don’t use if breastfeeding Contraceptive ok
Odansetron
5ht3 R antagonist for Gi and cns nausea/vomiting, eg via chemotherapy, postoperative nausea
X give wi QT elongation. Can get constipation, hot, headaches
X for breastfeeding nor 1st trimester
(H2 receptor antagonists
Famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine
have same role. Caution wi renal and hepatic impairment. Not with endoscopy. Can interact with azole fungals, protease inhibitors like atazanavir. )
GABA inhibitors
Diazepam, or for sleeping: nitrazepam, flurazepam, long acting loprazolam
D2 dopamine receptor antagonists
Droperidol and metoclopramide
Droperidol sedative used wi opioid analgesics like fentanyl to make calm and cooperative. Also an antiemetic for surgery. Don’t give with acebutolol or cns depressants
Metaclopramide for nausea and vomiting from diabetic gastroperesis, gerd, heartburn, chemo or surgery. X with abacavir or acebutolol or alcohol.
Side effects - confusion, restlessness, tired, diarrhoea, raised bp, dystonia. X for asthmatic.
Allopurinol
Prophylaxis of gout and uric acid + calcium oxalate renal stones and hyperuricaemia from chemotherapy. Not for acute gout. May develop a rash.
Methyl prednisolone
For iv suppression of inflammatory and allergic conditions, cerebral oedema with malignancy.
It’s a corticosteroid also used for multiple sclerosis
Avoid live vaccines, benzyl alcohol, immunosuppressants.
Risk of cardiovascular collapse, systemic sclerosis that can lead to scleroderma renal crisis.
Orally, depression is common. Confusion, hallucination, karposi’s sarcoma, dyslipidemia. With also risk angioedema, cataract, embolism and thrombosis
Lithium carbonate
Treatment and prophylaxis of mania, bipolar, chronic depression, aggressive or self harming behaviour
X with Addisons, arrhythmia, heart failure, dehydration, family history of brugada syndrome, untreated htn, low sodium diet, diuretics, myasthenia gravis, prolonged qt
Avoid abrupt end, lower threshold for a seizure
Manage thyroid if taken long term
X with aceclofenac, amifampridine, citalopram, clarithromycin
Cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor- anti inflammatory immunosuppressant for organ rejection, crohns, nephrotic syndrome, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
X with kidney disease, uncontrolled htn, cancer or puva uvb, radiation, methotrexate, coal tar, antivirals, birth control, seizure meds, antibiotics, cholesterol treatments
Can pass into breast milk
Side effects- acne, shaking, nausea, diarrhoea, bp, hair, painful gums
Trip tans ssra
For acute migrane and also headaches
Sumatriptan and naproxen nsaid together approved for acute and long term
Side effects numbness leg cramps
Clopidogrel
Prevent athero thrombosis in per cutaneous coronary intervention when used with aspirin. Can be used in TIA with an aspirin hypersensitivity and ppi not working. Preventative also after a MI
GI symptoms can arise. X with a high risk of bleeding
Naproxen
NSAID for pain, menstrual cramps, inflammatory disease and fever, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, gout
Also inc risk heart disease- don’t use with htn and around a heart bypass
Prednisolone
Glucocorticoid with minimal mineralocorticoid effects
Give with acute asthma and copd, croup, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, ulcerative colitis, crohns, myasthenia, temporal arteritis, dialated arteries, lupus
Don’t give to neonates or those with live vaccinations,
risk heart failure, cushings, anxiety, cataract issues, GI issues, osteoporosis, adrenal suppression, infection - that’s in all corticosteroids
Methyl prednisolone
Corticosteroid For IV suppression of inflammatory and allergic conditions and cerebral oedema with malignancy, multiple sclerosis
X with live vaccine, benzyl alcohol, immunosuppressants
Risk of cardiovascular collapse, systemic sclerosis > scleroderma renal crisis
Orally, common to get depression, confusion, hallucination, karposi sarcoma, dyslipidema
IV also risk of angioedema, cataract, embolism and thrombosis
Morphine
All ages past 1m for pain. Can be used to constipate in rectal cancer
Risk in benzodiazepines and opioids of respiratory depression
X with head injury, raised icp, heart failure from lung disease, delayed gastric emptying, pheochromocytoma
Side effects arrhythmia, constipation, dizziness, headache, vertigo, GI issues
If respiratory depression- reverse with naloxone or ventilation if needed
Carvedilol
Betablocker for high blood pressure, angina and heart failure.
Not safe for asthma, p/bf, liver or kidney dysfunction, hypotension, diabetes, psoriasis, myasthenia gravis, heart block, prinzmetals angina.
Common side effects for more than 1/10 is dizzy, tired, headache, heart failure, nausea, cold extremities.
Haloperidol
Antipsychotic for schizophrenia, psychoses, agitation. It’s a typical and 1st gen. Dopamine receptor antagonist. Good for positive symptoms.
Uses: schizophrenia, Tourette’s, Huntington’s and intractable hiccups.
Side effects include weight gain, drug-induced Parkinsonism, traduce dyskinesia, akathisia. Fewest for this class but more extra pyramidal.
Mostly replaced with 2nd gen: risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone.
Interacts with benzodiazepine
Reserpine
A Rauwolfia alkaloid and adrenergic uptake inhibitor with antihypertensive effects. Lipid solvable and works PST blood brain barrier. Used for bp and heart rate alongside thiazides or vasodilator. Also for agitation in mental disorders. Link to causing fibroadenoma.
Avoid alcohol. Also bad with benzodiazepines. Take with food.
Zopiclone
A cyclopyrrolone that acts like benzodiazepine for sleeping troubles.
Common side effects are metallic taste, dry mouth, daytime sleepiness.
Not prescribed long term for dependency
Not good with myasthenia gravis, addiction, p/bf, sleep apnoea.
Some do things they can’t remember when asleep.
Don’t take with alcohol, antianxiety meds eg lorazepam nor anticonvulsants eg phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine, gabapentin
Gadolinium contrast
Enhances MRI by altering magnetic properties of water to see blood vessels and neuroanatomy clearer. Used when looking for tumours, abscesses, angiogram, calculating MR perfusion. Some contrast solutions also contain iron or manganese.
Adverse reactions are rare with a 30% reoccurrence in those who have hypersensitivity. Risk is higher for those with bronchial asthma or iodine based allergies.
Suspicion between this contrast and use for renal failure and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Buserelin
Synthetic hormone used to treat infertility as a gonadorelin analogue on the pituitary gland to control ovulation. It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer and endometriosis.
Common side effects include temporary tumour flare and raised testosterone, hot flushes and sweats, nasal issues, sexual effects, nausea, headache, bowel changes, weight gain, depression.
Do not use with abnormal vaginal bleeding, depression, diabetes, htn, metabolic bone disease, pcos
Tamoxifen
Blocks effects of oestrogen/ inhibits from receptors in the hypothalamus. Works in the breast tissue to prevent and treat breast cancer that is hormone positive. Also treats anovulatory infertility to stimulate gnrh. Also treats gynaecomastia.
Don’t give If risk of thromboembolism.
Side effects : weight gain/oedema, irregular periods, nausea, rash, erectile dysfunction, hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal changes to discharge, increased tumour or bone pain
Colchicine
Medication used to treat gout abs Behçet’s disease. For gout, nsaids or steroids are usually preferred. Other uses include for pericarditis and familial Mediterranean fever. Used as antiinflammatory in early stages of covid.
Side effects can be nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, reduced fertility in men. Rare is paraesthesias, bruising, flu symptoms or pallor
X great with antibiotics, antifungals, statins, antivirals, grapefruit
Carbamazepine
Anticonvulsant to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Used in adjunct for schizophrenia and as a secondline in bipolar. Commonly given for trigeminal neuralgia or peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth. Don’t take alcohol as makes a greater sedative. Risk of hyponatremia. Don’t have grapefruit.
Trimethoprim
Antibiotic commonly used for UTIs, cystitis, middle ear infections, travelers diarrhoea, acne. with sulfamethoxazole or dapsone for pneumocystis pneumonia in those with hiv/aids. In combo with polymyxin B treats bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis.
Treats ecoli, k pneumoniae, enterobacter, mirabilis, staphylococcus, shigella.
Side effects diarrhoea, headache, vomiting, nausea, taste problems, hyperkalaemia, meningitis, sjs. Can have allergy
Dexamethasone
Glucocorticoid for rheumatoid conditions like ankylosis spondylitis, forms of arthritis, lupus. Skin conditions like sjs, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis. Allergies, asthma, copd, croup, brain swelling, post operative eye pain and alongside antibiotics in TB. Also given for adrenal insufficiency, eg Addison’s disease low cortisol.
Don’t take with viral eye infection, fungal infection, TB, roundworm strongyloides Intestinal infection, hypothyroidism nor diabetes
Side effects are nausea, vomiting oedema, headache, dizziness, anxiety/mood changes, insomnia, Hypokalaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia.
Tamsulosin alpha blocker
Treats bph and chronic prostatitis and kidney stones
Doxasin alpha blocker
For hypertensive bph, stones, htn
Diclofenac
NSAID for kidney stones, gout, sun damage, eye irritation.Not suitable for heart disease- risk of clots, SLE, asthma, stomach ulcers, ibd
Can get heartburn, reflux, nausea or diarrhoea
Apixaban
Anticoagulant for treatment and prevention of blood clots, particularly in those with atrial fibrillation or after hip/knee replacements. Avoid high vitamin k. Less suitable than warfarin if patient has antiphospholipid syndrome. Don’t give of have a prosthetic heart valve or recent haemophilia or hemorrhage. If patient has epidural catheter- risk of paralysis if not removed 20-30hrs after apixaban dose.
Commonly can cause anaemia, nausea or skin reactions
Co beneldopa
Relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s disease to help motor symptoms and impulse control like tremors, stiffness etc. It is a mix of benserazide hydrochloride and levodopa.
Side effects could be nausea, hypotension, dec appetite, anxiety, hallucination, sleep difficulty
Don’t give with Cushing disease, DM, MI with arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, phaechromocytoma.
Letrozole
First line treatment in post menopausal women with hormone dependent advanced breast cancer, or extended treatment for postmenopausal women after five years of chemo tamoxifen.
Side effects include alopecia, arthralgia, fractures, constipation, dizziness, Headache, hypercholesterolaemia, htn, hyperhidrosis
Risk of osteoporosis
Rivaroxaban
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism following knee and hip replacement. Prophylaxis of stroke and MI in those with afib and htn/congested hf/prev stroke or Tia. Treatment of dvt and pe, stroke. Prophylaxis of clots after acute event with raised cardiac biomarkers when with aspirin or/& clopidogrel.
X with antiphospholipid syndrome, anything at risk of bleeding
Indications for clopidogrel
Prevent clot after per cutaneous coronary intervention, clot in peripheral arterial disease, prevention after clot from MI or after ischemia stroke if can’t take aspirin.
Ramipril ACE
For htn, for clot prevention after MI if have hf, prevention of cv events in those with atherosclerosis or dm and one other risk factor.
Amiodarone
A cardiac stabiliser for vent tachy and fib, afib and paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia.
Side effects tired nausea tremors constipation. Usually given for ventricular issues. Risk of interstitial pneumonitis, liver issues, arrhythmia and thyroid issues
Not great with other p450 drugs
P450 drugs
Amiodarone, ciclosporin, digoxin, procainamide, quinidine, sildenavil, simvastatin, theophylline, warfarin.
Not for hep c drugs ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
Ciclosporin
Calcineurin inhibitor for immune suppression of autoimmune disease, dry eyes and nephrotic syndrome
Procainamide
Anti arrhythmic sodium channel blocker. Risk of SLE.
Quinidine
For vent arrhythmia and brugada syndrome but causes qT interval prolonged
Sildenavil/viagra
For erecting and also pulmonary arterial htn. Can give headaches, heartburn and flushed skin
Simvastatin
Lipid lowering statin for dec risk in heart disease and clots. Don’t use with amiodarone or calcium channel blockers verapamil, amlodipine and Diltiazem
Ursodeoxycholic acid/ ursodiol
Bile thinner used to dissolve some gallstones, prevent them in the obese rapidly losing weight, for gall reflux gastritis and to treat primary biliary cirrhosis (often with obeticholic acid)
Not good for acute biliary colic or acute inflammation of the gallbladder and nearby structures. A common side effect is diarrhoea and pale faeces.
Cholestyramine
bile sequestrant binds to bile so it is not reabsorbed, used for hyperlipidemia, pruritus of biliary obstruction, diarrhoea (from crohns, ileal resection, vagotomy, diabetic vagal neuropathy, radiation.
Interference with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (supplements of vitamins A, D, K, and folic acid may be required when treatment is prolonged).
Side effects can include constipation; gastrointestinal discomfort; headache; nausea; vomiting
Nabumetone
Nabumetone nsaid is used to relieve pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Indomethacin
Indomethacin nsaid is used to treat moderate to severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. Indomethacin is also used to treat shoulder pain caused by bursitis or tendinitis
Aliskiren
Essential hypertension either alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. not if egfr is -60. Direct renin inhibitor. Dont give apple or orange juice.
Zinc toxicity
50 mg of zinc. Excessive absorption of zinc can suppress copper and iron absorption. Can be inc LDL and also cause vomiting, pain/cramping and diarrhoea.
Lead poisoning
Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertility, and tingling in the hands and feet.
Gabapentin
An anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat partial seizures and neuropathic pain. It is a first-line medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and central pain
Dizziness and drowsiness are common gabapentin side effects. Weight gain and uncoordinated movement are possible.
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections and UTIs/cystitis. Other uses include for middle ear infections and travellers’ diarrhoea. With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS.
Side effects of trimethoprim:
Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, loss of appetite, changes in taste, and headache may occur
Beclometasone
Orally inhaled, are used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They are known as corticosteroid “preventer” inhalers and are often brown or beige.
Side effects: headache. sore or painful throat. runny or stuffy nose. back pain. nausea. cough.
Amitriptyline hydrochloride
Tricyclic antidepressant for abdominal pain and discomfort, major depressive disorder, neuropathic pain, migraine prophylaxis. Don’t use in mania, arrhythmia, soon after MI. Common side effect is anti cholinergic syndrome, drowsiness and qt interval prolongation.
Gabapentin
Adjunctive or mono therapy treatment for focal seizures, peripheral neuropathic pain, menopausal symptoms in those with breast cancer, oscillopsia and spasticity in multiple sclerosis, muscular issues in motor neurone disease.
Sulfamethoxazole
antibiotic for UTIs, bronchitis and prostatitis for gram positive and negative. Often used with trimethoprim for pneumocystis pneumonia.
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. Other uses include for middle ear infections and travellers’ diarrhoea. With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS.
Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, loss of appetite, changes in taste, and headache may occur.
Amoxicillin, erythromycin, and penicillin, for example – are considered safe for pregnant women.
Cimetidine
a histamine H₂ receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. It is mainly used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and to reduce acid during surgery and obstetrics. Will reduce degradation of pancreatic enzyme supplements.
Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, or diarrhoea may occur.
Lisinopril
ACE inhibitor, 1st line for HTN, HF and after an MI. Also given to prevent kidney problems in people with DM, avoid with high potassium or renal failure. Affects fetal lungs.
Bisoprolol
Most common beta blocker for heart diseases
Doxazocin
Alpha blocker antihypertensive and for bph
Empagliflozin-
An SGLT-2 (sodium glucose cotransporter 2) Controls T2 diabetes, used to reduce CVD risk of death from HF. Can be prescribed instead of metaformin or with it. Also reduces BP. Contraindication is a bit more risky for elderly or reduced kidney function + diuretics and a slight increase in LDL.
Common side effects- UTI, fungal groin infection, joint pain, fournier’s gangrene, DKA.
Gliclazide
Gliclazide is a Sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin production. Skin rash is possible.
Lercanidipine
Lercanidipine
Calcium channel blocker. Gives swollen ankles, palpitations, flushing.
Eg amlodipine, felodipine and lacidipine. Diltiazem, Felodipine, Isradipine, Nicardipine, Nifedipine, Nisoldipine, Verapamil.
Monomil
Isosorbide mononitrate, prophylaxis for angina (+/- congestive heart failure). Tolerance effects to monomil are fairly common. Contraindicated with postural hypotension. Can cause arrhythmia.
Gelofusine
Plasma volume substitute, a fluid gelatine as IV colloid and mimics albumin in solution- inc Bp, flow, Cardiac Output, O2 transport.
Sodium thiopental
Rapid acting barbiturate general anesthetic. Often given to lightly sedate/relax before inducing fully with nitrous oxide.
Propofol
Inducer anaesthetic and maintains. Also reduces memory and consciousness. Can also sedate- often with patients on ventilators.
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine for sedation before surgery or before a procedure.
Rocuronium
Muscle relaxant, often for intubation or ventilation.
Metaraminol
Used for acute hypotension and priapism like noradrenaline but with longer action. Can induce HTN.
