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Final Exam Prep > Drug Therapy In Older Clients > Flashcards

Drug Therapy In Older Clients Flashcards

1
Q

Administration of many drugs together. This increases chances of toxicity and interactions =

A

Polypharmacy

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2
Q

Are herbal remedies considered drugs?

A

Yes

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3
Q

May cause confusion, falls, malnutrition, renal/ liver dysfunction, non-adherence =

A

Polypharmacy

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4
Q

People over the age of 65 buy what percentage of all prescriptions?

A

35%

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5
Q

People over the age of 65 buy what percentage of all OTC meds sold in America?

A

Over 40%

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6
Q

The average older adult living at home uses how many prescription + OTC drugs?

A

4-5 Prescription
2 OTC

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7
Q

Most commonly used OTC’s =

A

Analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, laxatives, and antacids

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8
Q

Diuretics, Potassium Salts, Histamine2-antagonists, Nitroglycerin, Insulins, Cardiac Glycosides, Beta-blockers, Anti-anxiety drugs, and Hypertensives =

A

Most commonly used prescribed meds

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9
Q

Should you encourage the use of the SAME pharmacy for all prescription needs?

A

Yeah

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10
Q

Do many people know what pills that they are taking are?

A

No

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11
Q

There’s a 100% chance of drug interaction when taking how many drugs?

A

8 or more

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12
Q

The more drug taken, the more-

A

The chance for side effects

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13
Q

The goal of drug therapy is to-

A

Maintain health with the fewest drugs possible

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14
Q

What is the purpose of Brown Bag Sessions?

A

To check appropriateness of meds for a patient

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15
Q

What may you discover during a brown bag session?

A

Inappropriate drugs, duplicated drugs, expired drugs, supplements or OTC’s not listed elsewhere

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16
Q

What’s a brown bag session?

A

When all meds are brought into doctor’s office during visits

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17
Q

What kinds of GI changes can affect drug therapy?

A

Increased pH, decreased peristalsis, motility, and first pass effect

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18
Q

What kinds of cardiac changes can affect drug therapy?

A

Decreased cardiac output leads to decreased circulation

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19
Q

What kinds of hepatic changes can affect drug therapy?

A

Decreased enzyme function and blood flow

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20
Q

What kinds of renal changes can affect drug therapy?

A

Decreased blood flow, decreased nephrons, decreased GFR

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21
Q

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion can all be slowed by-

A

The physiologic changes in an older adult

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22
Q

Oral meds may not respond as quickly in older adults due to-

A

GI changes

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23
Q

Decreased cardiac output leads to-

A

Reduced perfusion in the GI tract

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24
Q

Reduced perfusion in the GI tract leads to-

A

Delayed, less thorough, and less reliable removal of drugs from intestinal lumen.

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25
Q

Can reduced perfusion in the GI tract cause a reduced absorption of substances?

A

Yes

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26
Q

As you get older, your liver should remain functional, but your ability to metabolize a drug may decline. Does this make drug accumulation an important issue?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Does extended half-lives warrant close monitoring in older adults?

A

Yup

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28
Q

Renal changes, CV disease, dehydration, and kidney disease may increase a drug’s half-life by up to-

A

40%

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29
Q

Due to a drug remaining in the body longer, the risk of what increases?

A

Adverse Effects

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30
Q

As you get older, what changes in body composition occur?

A

Weight decreases, fat % increases

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31
Q

Do older people experience a decline in total body water?

A

Yes

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32
Q

Hepatic =

A

The liver

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33
Q

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are all apart of-

A

Pharmacokinetics

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34
Q

What the body does to the drug =

A

PK (Pharmacokinetics)

35
Q

What the drug does to the body =

A

PD (Pharmacodynamics)

36
Q

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are not all affected by physiological changes in the elderly.

True or false?

A

False

37
Q

A fat-soluble drug has more distribution the more fat % there is, does this lead to an extended half life?

A

Yes

38
Q

What does a declining amount of body water lead to?

A

Drug accumulation for highly water-soluble drugs

39
Q

What can enhance drug absorption from the GI tract?

A

Physical activity

40
Q

How does physical activity enhance drug absorption?

A

It increases blood flow

41
Q

Can you expect a lengthened or shortened drug half-life for an elder patient with renal changes?

A

Lengthened

42
Q

Views the client as a product of their culture =

A

Ethnopharmacy

43
Q

Tries to bridge the gap between traditional healthcare practices and meds + their role in healthcare today

A

Ethnopharmacy

44
Q

Is illness culturally defined?

A

Yup

45
Q

What are the 5 major ethnic sub-groups?

A

White Americans
African Americans
Hispanic Americans
Asian Americans
Native Americans

46
Q

How do White Americans typically define health?

A

Able to do ADL’s, physically/emotionally well, free from illness

47
Q

What do White Americans typically see as causes for an illness?

A

Breaking religious rules, exposure to causative agents, God’s punishment, environmental changes, bodily abuse (smoking, drinking, etc.)

48
Q

What percentage of people try to self-treat themselves?

A

77%

49
Q

What percentage of people typically wait to see if a problem will go away on its own?

A

69%

50
Q

Are White Americans typically confident in the healthcare decisions that they make?

A

Yes

51
Q

Feel responsible to help friends + family make healthcare decisions =

A

Communal

52
Q

How do African Americans typically define health?

A

Harmony of mind, body, and spirit

53
Q

How do African Americans typically define illness?

A

Disharmony resulting from natural causes or divine punishment

54
Q

Which sub-ethnic group has a fundamental belief in the power of the supernatural?

A

African American

55
Q

Herbs, spices, roots.
Prayer, laying on of hands.

These are all done by what sub-ethnic group?

A

African American

56
Q

Epsom salts, salt pork, and potato poultice are all examples of-

A

Home/ Folk Remedies

57
Q

Which sub-ethnic group uses a lot of epsom salts, salt pork, and potato poultice?

A

African Americans

58
Q

Why are African Americans more likely to seek other options than traditional western healthcare?

A

Discriminatory Practices, Unfair Treatment, Difficult Access

59
Q

Which sub-ethnic group is the least likely to visit a healthcare provider?

A

Hispanic American

60
Q

Which sub-ethnic group uses medicinal herbs + religious rituals?

A

Hispanic American

61
Q

How do Hispanic Americans define health?

A

A balance between forces of “hot” and “cold”

62
Q

Which sub-ethnic group supports the use or absence of “hot” and “cold” foods depending on condition?

A

Hispanic American

63
Q

Which sub-ethnic group sees illness as a result from supernatural forces?

A

Hispanic American

64
Q

Mal Ojo =

A

Evil Eye

65
Q

Cause of illness or bad luck in Hispanic culture =

A

Envy

66
Q

Mal Ojo is from which sub-ethnic group?

A

Hispanic American

67
Q

Which sub-ethnic group uses candles, amulets, and herb teas for remedies?

A

Hispanic Americans

68
Q

Curandero =

A

A type of health practitioner

69
Q

The belief that the imbalance between yin and yang comes from which culture?

A

Asian American

70
Q

In which sub-ethnic group do most therapies aim to “restore balance”?

A

Asian American

71
Q

Acupuncture, Herbal Medicine, Massage, Tai Chi, “cupping” are all apart of which sub-ethnic group?

A

Asian American

72
Q

How many tribes within America?

A

170

73
Q

What is the most widely known traditional remedy used by Asian Americans?

A

Ginseng Root

74
Q

Why is ginseng root important medically?

A

It has proven anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-viral effects

75
Q

A type of acupressure treatment, sometimes used for pain relief and treatment of respiratory problems =

A

Cupping

76
Q

What kind of treatment can you confuse for abuse?

A

Cupping

77
Q

Medicine, magic, and religion are beliefs of most-

A

Native Americans

78
Q

For Native Americans, what is important to health?

A

Relationship with nature, respect for one’s body, and the earth

79
Q

Native Americans are like Hispanic Americans in that they both utilize-

A

Amulets, herbs, and medicine man

80
Q

How should you know if a PT understands something, rather than asking if they understand?

A

Question the client about the subject to ensure they understand

81
Q

Is a medical interpreter always preferred over having a PT’s family member/friend interpret for you?

A

Yup

82
Q

What percentage of the population is functionally illiterate?

A

20%

83
Q

Often difficult to assess, as it is sometimes well hidden=

A

Illiteracy

84
Q

How many times do you check the five rights and how many times do you check the drug label?

A

Drug label = 3

5 rights = 4

Final Exam Prep (18 decks)

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