Drug target interactions and clinical effect

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

What body does to a drug

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Effects of drugs on the body

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

• Molecular weight
• Ionisation,
• Solubility
• Formulation
• Liberation

Question 4

Factors affecting absorption

Answer 4

• Route of administration
• Gastric pH
• Contents of GI tract

Question 5

Plasma protein binding

Answer 5

• Bound drugs do not cross membranes
• Malnutrition = decrease of albumin, increase of free drug

Question 6

Digoxin

Answer 6

Na-K ATPase inhibitor

Question 7

Digoxin properties

Answer 7

• Cardiac glycoside
• 70 to 80% of oral dose absorbed
• Distributed in tissue

Question 8

Metabolism reactions

Answer 8

• Phase 1: Cytochrome P450
• Phase 2

Question 9

Statins

Answer 9

Atorvastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin

Question 10

Atherogenesis

Answer 10

• Process of forming plaques in the intima layer of arteries

Question 11

Atherosclerosis

Answer 11

• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Pro-inflammatory status
• ACS, angina, MI

Question 12

Treatment

Answer 12

Life-style modifications
- Diet, exercise, stress reduction, smoking cessation

-Reduce cardiac workload

-Reduce blood pressure

-Manage blood fluid volume and electrolyte balance

Question 13

CVD Elimination

Answer 13

Pulmonary - expired
Bile - excreted in faeces
Renal - glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Question 14

Prescribing-dosage ACE

Answer 14

Efficacy
Potency

Effective concentration 50%
Lethal dose 50%
Therapeutic index
Margin safety

Question 15

Ion channel linked

Answer 15

Millisecond
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Removing hand from water

Question 16

G protein linked

Answer 16

Seconds
B-Adrenergic receptor
Airway smooth muscle relaxation

Question 17

Tyrosine kinase linked

Answer 17

Minutes
Insulin receptor
Glucose uptake into cells

Question 18

DNA linked

Answer 18

Hours to days
Steroid receptor
Cellular proliferation

Question 19

Glycoproteins

Answer 19

Cell surface, cytoplasm
Finite number if receptors in a given

Question 20

Drug receptors

Answer 20

Ion channel is opened or closed
Second messenger is activated
cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+, Inositol phosphate