Drug Routes

Question 1

Oral route examples

Answer 1

Tablet, Capsule, Caplets

Question 2

Solid drug molded or compressed into a particular shape and may be swallowed whole, chewed or placed under the tongue depending upon purpose.

Answer 2

Tablet

Question 3

Tablet coated with substance that block absorption of drug until it reaches to small intestine.

Answer 3

Enteric coated tablet

Question 4

Powder or gel form of drug encased in a hard or soft outer casing that dissolves in the stomach or powders drugs or liquids within gelatin container.

Answer 4

Capsule

Question 5

Tablet coated with gelatin that gets dissolve in stomach.

Answer 5

Caplet

Question 6

Produced by compression, and are composed of one or more active ingredients and one or more inert substances.

Answer 6

Tablets

Question 7

___ substances are materials that do not react chemically under a given set of conditions. They are often used in various applications due to their stability and lack of reactivity.

Answer 7

Inert

Question 8

Designed to provide protective barrier for drug stability purposes or to mask unpleasant drug taste, or to protect drugs from the acid conditions of the stomach.
Time of onset of action:
Example:

Answer 8

Enteric-coated tablets
Several hours
Aspirin Enteric coated tablets

Question 9

Designed to provide rate controlled drug action
Time of onset:
Example:

Answer 9

Controlled-release tablets
Minutes to hours
Ex: Theophylline Extended release tablets

Question 10

tablet shaped capsule, smooth sided like a tablet. easier to swallow than large tablets. Ex:

Answer 10

Caplet
Panadol caplets

Question 11

Solid dosage form, drug enclosed within a hard or soft gelatin shell
Time of onset: min to hrs
____ is an example

Answer 11

Capsules
Feroglobin capsules

Question 12

Are hard, oval, solid dosage forms with a drug contained in a flavored sugar base. dissolved in the mouth and generally have local therapeutic effects.
Ex: ?

Answer 12

Lozenges
Sore throat lozenges like strepsils

Question 13

Solid preparation used as a counter-irritants or as an adhesive externally.

Answer 13

Plaster

Question 14

Fancy ground form of a drug
Internally or externally used

Answer 14

Powder

Question 15

contain one or more active ingredients. may be dissolved in the vehicle or suspended as very fine particles. often less stable than solid dosages.

Answer 15

Liquid dosage forms

Question 16

Liquid dosage forms

Answer 16

Solution, Suspension, Emulsion

Question 17

Homogeneous mixture of one or more dissolved medications in a liquid vehicle.
Ex: paracetamol syrup

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

Mixture of undissolved, very fine, solid particles distributed through a liquid.
Ex: amoxicillin
Time of onset of action: min to hrs

Answer 18

Suspension

Question 19

Type of semi-solid dosage form. Mixture of two substances that are unblendable.

Answer 19

Emulsion

Question 20

Two types of emulsion

Answer 20

Oil in water
Water in oil

Question 21

True or false. Castor oil emulation is a laxative.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Drug dissolved in a solution containing water and sugar, often used in disguise unpleasant taste of drugs and smoothen the irritated membrane.

Answer 22

Syrup

Question 23

Concentrated alcoholic solution of volatile substance.

Answer 23

Spirit

Question 24

Alcoholic or hydrochloric solution prepared from drugs derived from plants.

Answer 24

Tincture

Question 25

One or more drug dissolved in water

Answer 25

Aqueous solution

Question 26

Drug encased in a manufactured material that allows continuous drug absorption through skin at steady rate.

Answer 26

Patch

Question 27

administered route for local effect or to achieve systemic effect.

Answer 27

Rectal route

Question 28

Most common rectal routes

Answer 28

Suppositories, solutions, ointments

Question 29

Suppository drug example

Answer 29

paracetamol (Tylenol)

Question 30

Procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus. Used to evacuate lower intestines.

Answer 30

Enemas

Question 31

use for baby, lil or no first pass effect, used for vomiting conscious, higher concentrations rapidly achieved

Answer 31

Rectal

Question 32

Inconvenient, irregular absorption, irritation or inflammation of ___ mucosa can occur

Answer 32

Rectal

Question 33

Route injected via a hollow needle into the body at various sites and to varying depths.
Absorption pattern: only IV don’t req absorption but other types like IM, SQ require absorption.

Answer 33

Parenteral route

Question 34

Useful in treating uncooperative or unconscious patients. Ideal for drugs poorly absorbed from GIT.

Answer 34

Parenteral

Question 35

Parenteral dosage forms

Answer 35

Solutions, suspensions

Question 36

In parenteral route, ___ vehicles provide faster action than oleaginous (oily or fatty in nature) vehicles.

Answer 36

Aqueous

Question 37

100% bioavailability
onset is in seconds
ex: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Answer 37

IV

Question 38

Hydroxocobalamin (B12) injection is an example of what route?

Answer 38

Intramuscular

Question 39

Suitable for slow release drugs and poorly soluble suspension
Time of onset of action: min
Ex: insulin and epinephrine injections

Answer 39

Subcutaneous

Question 40

Consists of a container that has a valve assembly unit that contains various bases, such as alcohol or water, in a pump-type dispenser.

Answer 40

Spray
Ex: xylometazoline (decongestant)