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Pharmacology > DRUG REVIEW > Flashcards

DRUG REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Opioid Analgesics

A 
Morphine
Demerol (meperidine)
Tylenol #3 (codeine)
Narcan (naloxone hydrochloride)
Vicodin (hydrocodone & acetaminophen)

Attach to a receptor in the Central Nervous System

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2
Q

Morphine

A

Schedule 2 drug
-Opioid Receptor Agonist
-Binds to Mu and Kappa receptors
-Watch for severe respiratory depression
Overdose of morphine is treated with Narcan (naloxone)

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3
Q

Demerol (meperidine)

A

Schedule 2 drug
-Opioid Agonist
-Use causing w/ alcoholism and renal or hepatic impairment
Interacts w/ other sedatives

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4
Q

Narcan (naloxone)

A

Opioid Antagonist
-Reversal of CNS depression and respiratory depression because of Opioid overdose

Used in Morphine OD

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5
Q

Vicodin

A

Opioid agonist / non opioid analgesic combination

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6
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Prototype non-opioid Analgesic

A

Non-Opioid Analgesic

  • Mildly inhibits prostaglandins
  • Overdoses are lethal
  • NO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES

Risk of liver failure is significantly higher in pt’s who CONSUME ALCOHOL

Not to exceed 4g/day
Use acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) in event of OD
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7
Q

Celebrex (celecoxib)

A

COX-2 inhibitor (Prototype)

-relieves pain, fever, and inflammation

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8
Q

Classes of Non-Opioid Pain Drugs

A
  1. Acetaminophen
  2. NSAID’s
  3. Salicylate’s
  4. Selective Cox-2 inhibitors
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9
Q

Aspirin (ASA)

-Prototype Salicylate

A

Anticoagulant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic
-may cause distress and bleeding
-May increase action of oral hypoglycemic agents
Acts on BOTH COX-1 and COX-2

Stop taking aspirin 1 week before an elective surgery

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10
Q

Advil (ibuprofen)

-NSAID prototype

A

inhibit COX and prevent formation of prostaglandins

-used for moderate pain and anti-inflammation

GI upset, acute renal failure

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11
Q

Imitrex (sumatripan)

-Antimigraine prototype (Tripan)

A

constricts certain intracranial vessels

  • helps abort migraines (PROPHYLACTIC)
  • ADVERSE EFFECTS: GI upset, INCREASE BP
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12
Q

Ergostat (Ergotamine tartrate)

-Prototype Ergot Alkaloid

A

Promotes Vasoconstriction
-Terminate ONGOING MIGRAINE

Adverse effects:

  • GI upset
  • Numbness and tingling in fingers and toes
  • Angina-like pain
  • Tachycardia
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13
Q

NSAID’s

A

1st Generation (Cox-1 & Cox-2 inhibitors):

  • Aspirin
  • Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
2nd Generation (selective Cox-2 inhibitor)
-Celecoxib (Celebrex)
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14
Q

Inhibition of COX-1

A

Can result in decreased platelet aggregation and kidney damage

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15
Q

Inhibition of COX-2

A

Results in decreased inflammation, fever, and pain

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16
Q

NSAID Therapeutic Uses

A

Analgesia for mild to moderate pain such as:

  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis

Fever reduction
Inhibition of platelet aggregation protecting against stroke and MI (Aspirin)

17
Q

NSAID Side effects

A
  1. May lead to GI bleeding and perforation
  2. Renal dysfunction
    - decreased urine output, increased BUN and creatinine levels
  3. Salicylism (Aspirin)
    - S/S include tinnitus, sweating, headache, and dizziness
  4. Reye syndrome (Aspirin)
    - When aspirin is used in children
18
Q

1st Generation NSAIDS

-Contraindications

A
  1. Pregnancy risk category D
  2. Peptic ulcer or bleeding disorders

Use caution in:

  • Older adults
  • Clients who smoke or have history of alcoholism
  • clients w/ H. pylori infection
  • Asthma
19
Q

2nd Generation NSAID’s

-Contraindications

A
  • Celebrex is contraindicated in clients with allergy to Sulfonamides
  • Use caution in clients who have cardiovascular disease
20
Q

Opioid Side Effects

A
  1. Respiratory depression
    - Stop opioids if RR is <12/min
  2. Constipation
  3. Orthostatic hypotension
  4. Urinary Retention
  5. Cough suppression
  6. Sedation
21
Q

Meperidine

-Contraindication

A

Contraindicated for clients w/ renal failure because of the accumulation of normeperidine, which can results in SEIZURES & NEUROTOXICITY

22
Q

Migraine medication

  • Ergotamine (Ergostat)
  • sumatriptan (Imitrex)
A

Migraine meds prevent the inflammation and dilation of the intracranial blood vessels. (CONSTRICTING VESSELS)

  • stopping an acute migraine attack
  • prevention of migraine attack
23
Q

sumatriptan (Imitrex)

-Side Effects/ contraindications

A
  1. Chest pressure
  2. Coronary Artery Vasospasm/ Angina
    -Do not administer to a client who has or is at risk for CAD
  3. Dizzienss or vertigo
    ___
    Contraindicated in clients w/:
  4. Liver failure
  5. Ischemic Heart disease
  6. History of MI
  7. Uncontrolled HYPERTENSION
  8. other heart diseases
24
Q

ergotamine (Ergostat)

-Side effects / Contraindications

A
  1. GI discomfort
  2. Physical dependence
  3. Fetal abortion
    ____
    Contraindicated in
  4. renal &/or liver dysfunction
  5. Sepsis
  6. CAD
  7. Pregnancy Category X
25
Q

Drugs for Migraine Prophylaxix

A

Beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers

Antidepressants, antiseizure drugs

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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