Drug Review

Question 1

Pimavanserin Tartrate

Answer 1

Nuplazid antipsyhotic 34mg PO daily for psychosis due to Parkinson’s. The antipsychotic effect of pimavanserin may be mediated through inverse agonist and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT(2A) and serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptors

Question 2

Vortioxetine Hydrobromide

Answer 2

Trintellix (controlled) antidepressant 5-20mg PO daily. Vortioxetine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT); antagonizes 5-HT3, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT7 receptors; agonizes 5-HT1A receptors; and is a 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist

Question 3

Linagliptin

Answer 3

Tradjenta 5mg PO daily DPP-4 I exerts its activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by protecting the endogenous incretin hormones and enhancing their actions.

Question 4

Rasagiline Mesylate

Answer 4

Azilect 1mg PO daily. Rasagiline is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Question 5

Vibegron

Answer 5

Gemtesa overactive bladder 75mg PO daily. Vibegron is a selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist that increases bladder capacity by relaxing the detrusor smooth muscle during bladder filling (not anticholinergic)

Question 6

Osimertinib

Answer 6

Tagrisso 80mg PO daily for lung cancer, OK to dissolve, do not heat/crush

Question 7

Silodosin

Answer 7

Rapaflo 8mg PO daily is a selective antagonist of post-synaptic alpha-1 adrenoreceptors, which are found in the human prostate, bladder base, bladder neck, prostatic capsule, and prostatic urethra. As a result of blockage of these alpha-1 adrenoreceptors, smooth muscle in these tissues relaxes, resulting in an improvement in urine flow and reduction in benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms

Question 8

Lurasidone

Answer 8

Latuda hydrochloride is an atypical antipsychotic agent that acts as an antagonist at dopamine type-2 (D2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A receptors. It also has moderate antagonistic activity at alpha-2C and alpha-2A adrenergic receptors and is a partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptors

Question 9

Pyridostigmine

Answer 9

Pyridostigmine bromide used for Myasthenia gravis and is an analogue of neostigmine that inhibits acetylcholinesterase. It inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine by cholinesterase, thus, facilitating free transmission of nerve impulses across the myoneuronal junction

Question 10

Methenamine

Answer 10

Recurrent urinary tract infection; Prophylaxis
1 g orally twice daily. Restrict use of alkalinizing medications or foods. Methenamine hippurate exhibits antibacterial activity by the conversion of methenamine to formaldehyde in the presence of acidic urine.

Question 11

Primidone

Answer 11

Mysoline - Systemic: Unknown, but anticonvulsant effects are thought to be due to the parent compound, primidone, as well as its two active metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA)

Question 12

Trospium

Answer 12

Sanctura: Overactive bladder, With symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency
(Immediate-release tablets) 20 mg orally twice daily with water on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before a meal. Trospium chloride, an antimuscarinic and antispasmodic agent, antagonizes the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in cholinergically innervated organs. It also reduces smooth muscle tone in the bladder because of its parasympatholytic action. Trospium chloride has negligible affinity for nicotinic receptors at therapeutic doses

Question 13

Tiotropium Bromide/Olodaterol

Answer 13

Stiolto: Tiotropium bromide induces bronchodilation via inhibition of the M3 receptor on airway smooth muscle. It is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist with anticholinergic activity, and has affinity for muscarinic subtypes M1 through M5. Olodaterol, a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist (LABA), stimulates adenyl cyclase resulting in increased intracellular cyclic AMP level, which triggers relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. 2 oral inhalations (tiotropium 2.5 mcg/olodaterol 2.5 mcg per actuation) once daily at the same time each day; MAX 2 inhalations in 24 hours

Question 14

Doxazosin

Answer 14

Cardura, a quinazoline compound, selectively inhibits the alpha(1)-subtype of alpha adrenergic receptors, and binds highly to alpha(1A) adrenoceptor. Alpha1 receptor blockade decreases urethral resistance and may relieve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and increase urine flow. 1 mg ORALLY once daily; may titrate if necessary at 1- to 2-week intervals to MAX 8 mg ORALLY once daily

Question 15

Darifenacin ER

Answer 15

Enablex anticholinergic for bladder

Question 16

Ciclopirox

Answer 16

topical antifungal

Question 17

Ranolazine

Answer 17

Ranexa Ranolazine is a piperazine derivative and the mechanism of action of its anti-anginal and anti-ischemic effect is unknown. The anti-anginal and anti-ischemic action of ranolazine is not dependent upon heart rate or blood pressure reduction and does not increase myocardial workload. At therapeutic levels, ranolazine can inhibit the inactivating component of the sodium current (I(Na)) although its relationship to angina symptoms is uncertain. It also inhibits the rapid inward rectifying current (I(Kr)), thereby prolonging the ventricular action potential

Question 18

Levomilnacipran Hydrochloride

Answer 18

Fetzima Levomilnacipran 20-40mg is a potent and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). The inhibition of reuptake at serotonin and norepinephrine transporters may potentiate serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS, although the exact antidepressant mechanism of levomilnacipran is unknown

Question 19

Entyvio

Answer 19

Vedolizumab reduces chronically inflamed gastrointestinal parenchymal tissue associated with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease by binding specifically to the alpha-4-beta-7-integrin receptor and blocking its interaction with mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1. This inhibits the movement of memory T-lymphocytes across the endothelium into inflamed gastrointestinal tissue

Question 20

Semglee

Answer 20

insulin glargine