Drug Names (Antibacterials) Flashcards
Describe Bacitracin
Bactericidal; disrupts cell wall synthesis Narrow gram(+) and some gram (-) Only used as an ointment
Describe Gramicidin
Same MOA as Bacitracin but stable as a solution
Similar spectrum, narrow with gram (+) and some gram (-)
Describe Neomycin
Aminoglycoside; Bacteriocidal
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosome and causes mRNA misreading
Narrrow spectrum - Gram (-)
Resistance is frequent (can lead to toxic conjunctivitis)
Frequent Allergic Sensitizer (Like all aminoglycosides)
Describe Gentamycin
Aminoglycoside; Bacteriocidal
Binds to 30s ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis
Resistance possible via increased drug metabolism by organism
Some gram (+) including staph, some gram (-) including pseudomonas, moxarella, haemophilus
Describe Tobramycin
Aminoglycoside; Bacteriocidal
Binds to 30s ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis
Resistance possible via increased drug metabolism by organism
Some gram (+) including staph, some gram (-) pseudonomas (superior to gentamycin), moxarella, haemophilus
Less nephrotoxicity than gentamycin with systemic injection
Describe Amikacin
Aminoglycoside; bacteriocidal
Effective against gentamycin/tobramycin resistant strains
Describe Polymyxin B
Bacteriocidal (Very good)
Narrow spectrum - Gram (-) only
Detergent like solubilization of outer cellular membrane of gram (-) bacteria to alter permeability
Very few toxicities, rarely allergies and topical irritation
Only available in combo products or a powder to allow for compounding to be made
Describe Sulfacetamide
Sulfa-drug AB; bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum - + and -
Mimics PABA which is involved in use of folic acid to generate precursors for nucleic acid
A lot of resistance developed against drug, but great to treat UTI
Describe Trimethoprim
Bacteriostatic (bacteriocidal if comboed with polymyxin B)
Competitive inhibition along folic acid pathway to prevent nucleic acid formation
Does not experience cross sensitivity with other sulfa drugs
Describe Tetracycline
Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum - includes chlamydia
Blocks binding of 30S ribosome for protein synthesis
No topical ocular preparations
Describe Doxycycline/Minocycline
Related to the tetracyclines; bacteriostatic
Binds to 30S ribosome to stop protein synthesis
Can be used systemically and has an anti-inflammatory effect if used below AB concentration
Describe Erythromycin
Macrolide AB; bacteriostatic
Spectrum like penicillin - Gram (+/-) and neisseria and chlamydia
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome, specifically inhibits translocation.
Available only in a 0.5% ointment
Can treat neonatal conjunctivitis
What are the names of macrolide ABs that come in solution?
Azithromycin and Clarithromycin
Describe Azithromycin
Macrolide AB; Bacteriostatic
SPectrum similar to pencillins (Gram +/- with neiserria and chlamydia)
Inhibits translocation, binds to 30S ribosome to stop protein synthesis
Orally most prescribed AB in the US
Describe Chloramphenicol
Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum with excellent ocular penetration
Inhibits transpeptidation; inhibits protein synthesis
Resistance common
Available for IV, not available for topical ocular
Name the fluroquinolones, distinguishing the ones that are 4th generation
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Levofloxacin
4th generation
Moxifloxcin
Gatifloxcin
Besifloxcin
Name the pencillins and categorize them
Natural - Penicillin G, Pen VK
Pencillinase resistant - Methicillin, Floxacillin, Dicloxacillin
Aminopencillins - Amoxicillin and Ampicillin
Extended Spectrum - Tiacarcillin
Name the cephalosporins and categorize them
1st gen - Cephalexnin, Cefadroxil
2nd gen - Cerfuroxime, Cefaclor
3rd gen - Cefdiner
Describe Vancomycin
Bactericidal
Narrow spectrum - Gram (+) (resistant) and MRSA/flesh-eating disease
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Describe Linezoid (Zyvox)
Bacteriostatic
Narrow spectrum - Gram (+) resistant strains, including those resistant to vanocomycin like VREF
Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking 30S and 50S ribosomes
What are the trade names and form/strength for Polymyxin B?
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Powder 50,000 units/vial
What are the trade names and form/strength for Erythromycin?
Erythromycin
Ointment 5mg/gram
What are the trade names and form/strength for Azithromycin?
AzaSite
Solution 10mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Gentamicin?
Garamycin, Genoptic
Ointment 3mg/gram
Solution 3mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Tobramycin?
Tobrex
Ointment 3mg/gram
Solution 3mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Bacitracin?
Bacitracin
Ointment 500units/gram
What are the trade names and form/strength for Ciprofloxacin HCl?
Ciloxan
Solution 3.5 mg/ml
Ointment 3.33 mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Ofloxacin?
Ocuflox
Solution 3.0 mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Levofloxacin?
Quixin, Iquix
Solution 5.0 mg/ml
Solution 15 mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Moxifloxacin?
Vigamox, Moxeza
Solution 5.0 mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Gatifloxacin?
Zymaxid
Solution 5.0 mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Besifloxacin?
Besivance
Suspension 6.0mg/ml
What are the trade names and form/strength for Sulfacetamide?
Bleph-10
Ointment 100mg/gram
Solution 100mg/ml
What is contained in the combo product Neoporin/AK-Spore/Neotricin ointment?
Neomycin 3.5 mg
Polmyxcin 10,000 units
Bacitracin 400 units
What is contained in the combo product Neoporin/AK-Spore/Neocidin solution?
Neomycin 1.75 mg
Polmyxcin 10,000 units
Gramicidin 0.025 mg
What is contained in the combo product Polysporin ointment?
Polymyxcin B 10,000 units
Bactracin 500 units
What is contained in the combo product Polytrim solution?
Polymyxcin B 10,000 units
Trimethoprim 1mg
Discuss Natamycin (Natacyn)
Antifungal (only one in optometry)
Polyene antifungal binding to sterols in cell membrane to create pores
Discuss Amphotericin B (Amphotec)
Systemic Antifungal (IV)
Broad antifungal spectrum
Polyene antifungal, binds to sterols in cell
membrane to create pores to cause cellular contents to leak out
Discuss Miconazole (Monistat)
Very broad fungi action with some gram (+) action; good ocular penetration
Group of agents blocking ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P-450
Many drug-drug interactions
Used exclusively to treat mucocutaneous and cutaneous fungal infections
Discuss Flucytosine (5-flurocytosine)
Antifungal
Spectrum - Yeast-like (Candida)
Antimetabolite substituting for nucleic acid to disrupt metabolism
Can be used with amphotericin B
Describe Griseofulvin
Antifungal (very slow acting)
Spectrum - only dermatophytes
Inhibits fungal mitosis
