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CPGs Cass > Drug Mix 1 > Flashcards

Drug Mix 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline presentation

A

1mg/1mL

1mg/10mL

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2
Q

Adrenaline pharmacology

A

Naturally occurring alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant

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3
Q

Adrenaline actions

A

Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate
Increases conduction velocity through the AV node
Increases myocardial contractility
Increases irritability of the ventricles
Causes bronchodilation
Causes peripheral vasoconstriction

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4
Q

Metabolism of adrenaline

A

Metabolised by monoamine oxidase and other enzymes in the blood, liver and at nerve endings
Excreted by the kidneys

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5
Q

Indications for adrenaline

A 
Cardiac arrest
Inadequate perfusion 
Bradycardia with poor perfusion
Anaphylaxis 
Severe asthma - imminent life threat not responding to nebulised therapy or unconscious with no BP
Croup
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6
Q

Adrenaline contraindications

A

Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement

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7
Q

Adrenaline precautions

A

Elderly/frail
Pts with cardiovascular disease
Pts on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Higher doses may be required for patients on beta blockers

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8
Q

Adrenaline side effects

A 
Sinus tachycardia
Supraventricular arrhythmias 
Ventricular arrhythmias 
Hypertension
Pupillary dilation 
May increase the size of MI
Anxiety/palpitations
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9
Q

IV adrenaline times

A

Onset 30 seconds
Peak 3-5 minutes
Duration 5-10 minutes

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10
Q

IM adrenaline times

A

Onset 30-90 seconds
Peak 4-10 minutes
Duration 5-10 minutes

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11
Q

Aspirin presentation

A

300mg chewable/dispersive tablet

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12
Q

Aspirin pharmacology

A

Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation agent

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13
Q

Aspirin actions

A

Minimises platelet aggregation and thrombus formation to retard coronary artery thrombosis progression in ACS
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, anti-inflammatory effect

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14
Q

Aspirin indications

A

ACS

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15
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A 
Hypersensitivity 
Actively bleeding peptic ulcer
Suspected dissecting AAA
Bleeding disorders
Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OF if SBP>160
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16
Q

Aspirin precautions

A

Peptic ulcer
Asthma
Anticoagulated pts

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17
Q

Side effects of aspirin

A 
Heartburn
Nausea
GI bleeding
Increased bleeding time
Hypersensitivity reactions
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18
Q

Aspirin special notes

A

Contraindicated for use in acute febrile illness in children and adolescents

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19
Q

Aspirin times

A

Duration 8-10 days

20
Q

Ceftriaxone presentation

21
Q

Ceftriaxone pharmacology

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic

22
Q

Ceftriaxone metabolism

A

Excreted in urine and in bile

23
Q

Ceftriaxone indications

A

Suspected meningococcal septicaemia

Severe sepsis if transport time >1hr consult only

24
Q

Ceftriaxone contraindications

A

Allergy to cephalosporins

25
Ceftriaxone precautions
Allergy to penicillin
26
Side effects of ceftriaxone
Nausea Vomiting Skin rash
27
Dosage for ceftriaxone
1g adults | 50mg/kg paeds (Max 1g)
28
Ceftriaxone preparation
IV: made to 10mL with water for injection IM: made to 4mL with 1% lignocaine
29
Dexamethasone presentation
8mg/2mL
30
Dexamethasone pharmacology
Corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
31
Dexamethasone actions
Relieves inflammatory reactions | Immunosuppression
32
Indications for dexamethasone
Bronchospasm associated with acute respiratory distress not responsive to nebulised salbutamol Moderate-severe croup Acute exacerbation of COPD
33
Dexamethasone contraindications
Hypersensitivity
34
Dexamethasone precautions
Solutions that aren’t clear should be discarded
35
Side effects of dexamethasone
None
36
Dexamethasone special notes
Doesn’t contain antimicrobial agent, so it should be used immediately after opening
37
Dexamethasone times
Onset 30-60 minutes Peak 2 hours Duration 36-72 hours
38
Dextrose 10% presentation
25g in 250mL bag
39
Dextrose pharmacology
Slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution of sugar and water
40
Actions of dextrose
Provides energy | Supplies water
41
Metabolism of dextrose
Dextrose broken down in tissues and stored in liver and muscles as glycogen Water excreted by the kidneys and distributed in extracellular fluid
42
Indications for dextrose
Diabetic hypoglycaemic pts BSL<4 with altered conscious state who are unable to self-administer oral glucose
43
Dextrose contraindications
None
44
Dextrose precautions
None
45
Dextrose times
Onset 3 minutes | Duration depends on severity of the episode

CPGs Cass (16 decks)

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