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CPGs Cass > Drug Mix 1 > Flashcards

Drug Mix 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline presentation

A

1mg/1mL

1mg/10mL

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2
Q

Adrenaline pharmacology

A

Naturally occurring alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant

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3
Q

Adrenaline actions

A

Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate
Increases conduction velocity through the AV node
Increases myocardial contractility
Increases irritability of the ventricles
Causes bronchodilation
Causes peripheral vasoconstriction

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4
Q

Metabolism of adrenaline

A

Metabolised by monoamine oxidase and other enzymes in the blood, liver and at nerve endings
Excreted by the kidneys

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5
Q

Indications for adrenaline

A 
Cardiac arrest
Inadequate perfusion 
Bradycardia with poor perfusion
Anaphylaxis 
Severe asthma - imminent life threat not responding to nebulised therapy or unconscious with no BP
Croup
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6
Q

Adrenaline contraindications

A

Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement

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7
Q

Adrenaline precautions

A

Elderly/frail
Pts with cardiovascular disease
Pts on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Higher doses may be required for patients on beta blockers

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8
Q

Adrenaline side effects

A 
Sinus tachycardia
Supraventricular arrhythmias 
Ventricular arrhythmias 
Hypertension
Pupillary dilation 
May increase the size of MI
Anxiety/palpitations
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9
Q

IV adrenaline times

A

Onset 30 seconds
Peak 3-5 minutes
Duration 5-10 minutes

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10
Q

IM adrenaline times

A

Onset 30-90 seconds
Peak 4-10 minutes
Duration 5-10 minutes

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11
Q

Aspirin presentation

A

300mg chewable/dispersive tablet

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12
Q

Aspirin pharmacology

A

Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation agent

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13
Q

Aspirin actions

A

Minimises platelet aggregation and thrombus formation to retard coronary artery thrombosis progression in ACS
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, anti-inflammatory effect

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14
Q

Aspirin indications

A

ACS

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15
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A 
Hypersensitivity 
Actively bleeding peptic ulcer
Suspected dissecting AAA
Bleeding disorders
Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OF if SBP>160
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16
Q

Aspirin precautions

A

Peptic ulcer
Asthma
Anticoagulated pts

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17
Q

Side effects of aspirin

A 
Heartburn
Nausea
GI bleeding
Increased bleeding time
Hypersensitivity reactions
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18
Q

Aspirin special notes

A

Contraindicated for use in acute febrile illness in children and adolescents

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19
Q

Aspirin times

A

Duration 8-10 days

20
Q

Ceftriaxone presentation

A

1g powder

21
Q

Ceftriaxone pharmacology

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic

22
Q

Ceftriaxone metabolism

A

Excreted in urine and in bile

23
Q

Ceftriaxone indications

A

Suspected meningococcal septicaemia

Severe sepsis if transport time >1hr consult only

24
Q

Ceftriaxone contraindications

A

Allergy to cephalosporins

25
Q

Ceftriaxone precautions

A

Allergy to penicillin

26
Q

Side effects of ceftriaxone

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Skin rash

27
Q

Dosage for ceftriaxone

A

1g adults

50mg/kg paeds (Max 1g)

28
Q

Ceftriaxone preparation

A

IV: made to 10mL with water for injection
IM: made to 4mL with 1% lignocaine

29
Q

Dexamethasone presentation

A

8mg/2mL

30
Q

Dexamethasone pharmacology

A

Corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex

31
Q

Dexamethasone actions

A

Relieves inflammatory reactions

Immunosuppression

32
Q

Indications for dexamethasone

A

Bronchospasm associated with acute respiratory distress not responsive to nebulised salbutamol
Moderate-severe croup
Acute exacerbation of COPD

33
Q

Dexamethasone contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

34
Q

Dexamethasone precautions

A

Solutions that aren’t clear should be discarded

35
Q

Side effects of dexamethasone

A

None

36
Q

Dexamethasone special notes

A

Doesn’t contain antimicrobial agent, so it should be used immediately after opening

37
Q

Dexamethasone times

A

Onset 30-60 minutes
Peak 2 hours
Duration 36-72 hours

38
Q

Dextrose 10% presentation

A

25g in 250mL bag

39
Q

Dextrose pharmacology

A

Slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution of sugar and water

40
Q

Actions of dextrose

A

Provides energy

Supplies water

41
Q

Metabolism of dextrose

A

Dextrose broken down in tissues and stored in liver and muscles as glycogen
Water excreted by the kidneys and distributed in extracellular fluid

42
Q

Indications for dextrose

A

Diabetic hypoglycaemic pts BSL<4 with altered conscious state who are unable to self-administer oral glucose

43
Q

Dextrose contraindications

A

None

44
Q

Dextrose precautions

A

None

45
Q

Dextrose times

A

Onset 3 minutes

Duration depends on severity of the episode

CPGs Cass (16 decks)

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