DRUG / MEDICATIONS Flashcards
Used to treat symptoms of PARKINSON’S DISEASE and to reduce the side effects of certain antipsychotic medications
AMANTADINE
Amantadine works by affecting the levels of certain neurotransmitterd int he brain, particulary
DOPAMINE ( Important for movement and coordination )
Side effects of Amantadine
- Dizziness
- Insomnia
- Nausea
It is a combination medication commonly used to treat Parkinsons’s Disease and Parkisonism.
CARBIDOPA - LEVODOPA
This is a precursor to DOPAMINE, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in people with Parkinsons Disease.
LEVODOPA
This component is included to prevent levodopa from being converted into dopamine outside the brain. Also helps reduce side effect like nausea and vomiting that can occur when levodopa is taken alone.
CARBIDOPA
Carbidopa and Levodopa cam effectively improve motor symptoms in patients with PD,enhancing their quality of life.
The combination allows for lowers doses of levodopa, reducing the risk of side effects.
Carbidopa- levodopa is usually taken via
ORALLY
Common side effevts of Carbidopa- Levodopa
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Dizziness
- Dyskinesia ( involuntary Movements)
- Low bp
- Mood Changes
An anticonvulsant and mood- stabilizing medication used primarily to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamasephine
Works by stabilizing the INACTIVE STATE OF SODIUM channels in neurons, which reduces the excessive electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures
CARBAMEZEPHINE
Carbamazephine typically taken
ORALLY ( in the form of tablets )
Common side effects of Carbamazephine
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Blurred vision
- Rash
- Steven - Johnsons Syndrome
Carbamezepine can affect liver enzymes, routine blood tests may be necessary to monitor for side effects.
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An anticonvulsant medication used primarily to treat Epilepsy ans bipolad disorder.
LAMOTRIGINE
Lamotrigine is effective in managing seizures in various types of epilepsy , including:
● focal seizurss
● generalized seizures
● lennox- gastaut syndrom ( severe form of epilepsy )
Mechanism of action ( Lamotrigine )
Works by inhibiting VOLTAGE- GATED SODIUM CHANNELS, Which helps stabilize neuronal membranes and reduce the excessive release of excitory neurotransmitters.
Lamotrigine is usually taken
ORALLY
Serious skin reaction that can occur with Lamotrigine
Stevens- johnson syndrome
A barbiturate (class of drugs that act as CNS depressants) medication primarily used for its anticonvulsant properties and as a sedative
PHENOBARBITAL
Used to treat seizure disorders, sedation, status epilepticus
PHENOBARBITAL
PhenoBarbital works by enhancing the action of
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ( GABA ) a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity.
Phenobarbital can be administered
Orally ( tablet form ) or as an Injectable solution ( depends on clinical situation )
( PHENOBARBITAL )Due to the potential for serious side effevts and the development of tolerance, phenobarbital is generally used as a SECOND - LINE TREATMENT after other medications have been tried
Should be used with CAUTION in individuals with a history lf substance abuse or have certain medical conditions such as liver disease.
A medication belonging to the Benzodiazepine class that primarily used for its Anxiolytic ( Anti- Anxiety ) , Anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties
CLONAZEPAM
Uses of Clonazepam
- Anxiety Disorders ( Panic Disorder & GAD or Generalizss Anxiety Disorder).
- Seizure Disorders
- Panic Attacks
4 Sleep Disorders
A neurotransmitter that inhibits BRAIN ACTIVITY. By increasing GABA’s CALMING EFFECT on the NS , clonezepam helps to reduce Anxiety, prevent Seizures, and induce Relaxation.
GABA ( GAMMA- AMINOBUTYRIC ACID )
Clonazepam is taken
ORALLY
It is usually prescribed for SHORT - TERM USE OR FOR SPECIFIC INDICATIONS, because of its potential for abuse and dependence
CLONAZEPAM
A medication belonging to the BENZODIAZEPINE CLASS ( known for its anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties )
DIAZEPAM
USES OF DIAZEPAM
- Anxiety Disorders
- Muscle Spasms
- Seizure Disorders
- Sedation
- Alcohol withdrawal
Mechanism of Action ( Diazepam )
- enhances the action of GABA ( Gamma - Aminobutyric Acid ) the main Inhibitory neurotransmitter in
the brain. Leads to INCREASED NEURONAL INHIBITION, resulting in a CALMING EFFECT thag helps reduce anxiety, prevent seizures, and induce muscle relaxation.
Administration for Diazepam
- ORALLY (TABLET)
- RECTALLY (GEL)
- IV
A medication primarily used to treat symptoms ASSOCIATED with Parkinsons disease and to manage the side effects of certain ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS.
BENZTROPINE
Uses of Benztropine
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Extrapryamidal Symptoms ( tremors, stiffiness & involuntary movements )
- Acute Dystonic Reactions ( muscle contractions and abnormal postures , result from antipsychotic use.
Mechanisms of Action of BENZOTROPINE
It is an ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT, meaning it works by Blockinv the Action of ACETYLCHOLINE, a neurotransmitter that in involved in MUSCLE CONTRACTION and various functions in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Administration for Benzotropine
Orally ( tablet ) or Via IM
Common side effects of Benztropine
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
- Dizziness
- Confusion
Class of drugs which helps Block the effects of ACETYLCHOLINE
ANTICHOLINERGICS
An ANTIHISTAMINE that is commonly used to RELIEVE SYMPTOMS OF ALLERGIES, hay fever, and the common cold.
DiphenhydraMINE
USES OF DIPHENHYDRAMINE
- Allergic Reactions
- Insomnia
- Motion Sickness
- Cold Symptoms
A substance in the body that causes ALLERGIC SYMPTOMS
Histamine
Mechanisms of Action of DIPHENHYDRAMINE
IT WORKS BY BLOCKING THE ACTION OF HISTAMINE, A SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY THAT CAUSES ALLERGIC SYMPTOMS
Side effects related to ANTICHOLINERGiC PROPERTIES
DRY MOUTH
An anticholinergic Medication used primarily to treat PD and other MOVEMENT DISORDERS.
Trihexyphenidyl
Slowness of Movement
BRADYKYNESIA
Uses of Trihexyphenidyl
- Parkinson’ s Disease
- Drug- Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Other Movement Disoredee
Caused by Antipsychotic medications, which may include tremors, stiffiness and involuntary movements
EXYRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS
Mechanism of Action
“ TRIHEXYPHENIDYL”
Works by Blocking the action of ACETYCHOLINE, a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in Muscle control and Coordination.
A neurotrasmitter that plays significant role in MUSCLE CONTROL, AND COORDINATIOn
ACETYLCHOLINE
Administration of Trihexyphenidyl
Orally ( tablet )
Most common treatment for Parkinsons Disease
CARBIDOPA - LEVODOPA
Drugs used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (CBTAL)
- Carbidopa - Levodopa
- Benztropine
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Amantadine
5 Lamotrigine
Medication known for its ability to reduce DYSKINESIA in parkinsonss patients
AMANTADINE
A selective SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SSRI) Commonly prescribed to treat variety of Mental Health Conditions
SERTRALINE
