Drug List; Drug is Answer Flashcards
Immunemodulator
Mech of Action
- Calcineurin inhibitor that binds to cytoplasmic receptor proteins.
- inhibits calcineurin, & decreases expression of IL-2 and other cytokines necessary for T-cell activation.
Cyclosporine
Immunemodulator
Mech of Action
- Similar to cyclosporine but used topically
Tacrolimus
Immunemodulator
Mech of Action
- Janus Kinase inhibitor
- Inhibits activity of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL13, IL-31*).
Oclacitinib & Apoquel
Immunemodulator
Mech of Action
- prodrug that is metabolized to a purine analog (6-mercapto purine).
- Interferes w/ incorporation of purines or pyrimidines into DNA
Azathioprine
Immunemodulator
Mech of Action
- alkylate DNA that causes chemical cross-links to occur in DNA
- interferes w/ DNA replication.
- None labeled for use in veterinary medicine.
Cyclophosphamide & Chlorambucil
Immunemodulator
Mech of Action
- inhibits type II isoform of inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase present in activated lymphocytes.
- inhibits synthesis of guanosine nucleotides.
- may also suppress dendritic cell maturation and monocyte recruitment.
Mycophenolate mofetil & Mycophenolic Acid
- Immunemodulator
- Anti-inflammatory used for reactive airway Dz (smooth muscle relax)
Corticosteroids
used for pulmonary hypertension
Mech of Action
- type V phosphodiesterase inhibitor
- produces nitric oxide mediated vasodilation
Slidenafil
Anti-inflammatory used for reactive airway Dz
MOA
- interferes w/ Ca transport across cell membrane
- inhibits mast cell degranulation
Cromolyn
Antitussive
MOA
- depresses cough center in medulla via mu or kappa receptor
Morphine, codeine, & hydrocodone
Expectorant
MOA
- stimulate gastric mucosa & vagus
- increase GI & bronchial secretions
Saline Expectorants
anti-tussive
MOA
- depresses cough center in medulla via mu or kappa receptor
- partial Mu agonist
Butorphanol
antitussive w/ seretonin & alpha-2 activity
Tramadol
stimulate resp center in emergency
MOA
- stimulatory affects on carotid & aortic chemoreceptors
Doxapram
bronchodilator
MOA
- inhibition of PDE ->
- inhibits breakdown of cAMP ->
- decreased release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells ->
- anti-inflammatory & bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
- ALSO adenosine receptor antagonists ->
- avoid bradycardia and bronchoconstriction.
Methylxanthines
bronchodilator
MOA
- stimulate alpha & beta 1 & 2 adrenergic receptors ->
- hypertension & tachycardia
Epinephrine
bronchodilator
MOA
- anticholinergic
Atropine
Glycopyrrolate
Ipratropium bromide
bronchodilator
MOA
- stimulate beta 1 & 2 adrenergic receptors ->
- tachycardia
Isoproterenol
bronchodilator
MOA
- agonist of beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Terbutaline Metaproterenol Albuterol Salmeterol Clenbuterol
decongestant
MOA
- agonist of alpha-1 receptors
Pseudoephedrine
decongestant & urinary retention
MOA
- agonist of alpha-1 receptors
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
Antibacterial Betalactams
MOA
Bind the bacterial transpeptidase interfering with the bacteria cell wall syntesis.
Time dependent
- Cephalexin
- Amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid
- Ampicillin +/- sulbactam
- Cefadroxil
- Cefovacin
- Cefpodoxime
- Cephalothin
- Cephapirin
- Cloxacillin
- Imipenem or Meropenem
- Oxacillin
- Penicillin
- Ticarcillin
Antibacterial Aminoglicosides
MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (misfolded protein; 30s)
Conc. Dependent
- Amikacin
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin sulfate
- Tobramycin
Antibacterial macrolide
MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)
Bacteriostatic
- Azithromycin
- Erythromycin
- Gamithromycin
- Timicosin
- Tylosin
Antibacterial Tetracycline
MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (30s)
Bacteriostatic
- Chlortetracycline
- Oxytetracyline
- Tetracycline
Antibacterial Flouroquinolone
MOA
inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) enzyme which is necessary for transcription, translation and bacterial replication.
Conc. Dependent
- Enrofloxacin
- Marbofloxacin
- Orbifloxacin
- Pradofloxacin
Antibacterial Anphenicol
MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)
Bacteriostatic
- Florphenicol
- Thiamphenicol
Antibacterial Lincosamide
MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor (50s)
Bacteriostatic
- Lincomycin
Antibacterial
MOA
A detergent-like action is responsible for disrupting gram-negative cell membranes. The cationic polymyxins interact with the anionic phospholipids (endotoxin) in the Gram-negative cell wall, disrupting cell wall.
- Polymyxin B sulfate
Antibacterial
MOA
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor
Rifampin
Bacteriostatic Antibacterial
MOA
Dihydriofolate reductase inhibitor
Trimethoprim
Antibacterial
MOA
binds precursors of peptidoglycans interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
time-dependent
- Vancomysin
Antibacterial / Antiparasitic
MOA
Long-term exposure to low concentrations reduces the level of replication of T. gondii,
Affects the protein synthesis of free parasites,
Impairs the ability of tachyzoites to infect host cells
Clindamycin
Antibacterial / Antiparasitic
MOA
undefined, maybe free radicals syntesis
Metronidazole
Antibacterial / Antiparasitic
MOA
Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor
Bacteriostatic but cidal if combined w/ Ometroprim
- Sulfadiazine
- Sulfadimethoxine
- Sulfamethizole
- Sulfaquinoxaline
- Sulfisoxazole
