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Clin Pharm > Cardio, GI, Endocrine, Immunosuppressant Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio, GI, Endocrine, Immunosuppressant Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Class: cardio
MOA:
Class II antiarrhythmic Beta blocker

A

Lidocaine
Atenolol

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2
Q

Class:
Non-cardioselective beta-blocker
MOA:
- Class III antiarrhythmic beta-blocker
- K channel blocker

A

Sotalol

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3
Q

Class: cardio
MOA:
- Class 1a antiarrhythmic
- sodium channel blocker

A

Quinidine
Mexelitine

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4
Q

Class: cardio
MOA:
- potent antihypertensive agent
- low concentrations = competitive beta-adrenoceptor antagonist & vasodilator
- higher concentrations = calcium channel antagonist

A

Carvedilol

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5
Q

Class: Afterload reducer
MOA:
- Class IV antiarrhythmic Beta blocker
- Phase 2 calcium channel blocker

A

Diltiazem

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6
Q

Class: Afterload reducer
MOA:
- Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker

A

Amlodipine

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7
Q

Class: Afterload reducer
MOA:
- Ang II receptor blocker

A

Telmisartan

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8
Q

Class: Afterload reducer
MOA:
- ACE inhiitor

A

Enalapril
Benazepril
Lisinopril

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9
Q

Class: Afterload reducer
MOA:
- increase nitric oxide production

A

Nitroglycerine

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10
Q

Class: Anti-coagulant
MOA:
- Antithrombin III
- inhibits thrombin & some Xa

A

Heparin

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11
Q

Class: Anti-coagulant
MOA:
- Higher affinity for ATIII than regular Heparin
- inactivates Xa but not thrombin

A

LMW Heparin

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12
Q

Class: Anti-thrombotic
MOA:
- Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 enzymes
- Blocks TXA2 production for life of platelet

A

Aspirin

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13
Q

Class: Anti-thrombotic
MOA:
- P2Y12 Receptor antagonist

A

Clopidogrel

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14
Q

Class: positive ionotrope
MOA:
- Inhibits Na/K ATPase
- increases cellular Na+
- Decreases sympathetic/ increases vagal tone
- Decreases aldosterone
- Decreases oxygen demand
- Can be pro‐arrhythmic

A

Digoxin

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15
Q

Class: positive ionotrope
MOA:
- β adrenergic agonism increases cAMP via Adenylate cyclase -> increases intracellular Ca

A

Dobutamine
Dopamine

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16
Q

Class: positive ionotrope
MOA:
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors decrease degradation of cAMP -> Increases intracellular Ca+

A

Milrinone

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17
Q

Class: positive ionotrope & afterload reducer
MOA:
- Decreases degradation of cAMP
- Calcium sensitizer
- Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor (increase CAMP, Ca2+)
- vasodilation of arteries and veins thru PDE III

A

Pimobendan

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18
Q

Class: Thrombolytic (Fibrinolytic)
MOA:
enhance conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase
Urokinase
Tissue Plasminogen activator

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19
Q

Class: Laxative
MOA:
Increase hydration of fecal mass / lubricate

A

Docusate sodium

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20
Q

Class: Adsorbant
MOA:
- Line mucosal surface
- Adsorb fluid/potential toxins

A

Kaolin
activated charcoal
Bismuth subsalicylate

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21
Q

Class: Antacid
MOA:
- H2 ANTAGONISTS
- Reduce gastric acid secretion

A

Famotidine
Ranitidine
Cimetidine
Nizatidine

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22
Q

Class: Antacid
MOA:
- Inhibit the gastric hydrogen-potassium-ATPase (proton) pump

A

Omeprazole
Pantoprazole

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23
Q

Class: Antiemetic
MOA:
- Neurokinin-1 (NK1 ) receptor antagonist
- Inhibits substance P
- Works directly at the emetic center

A

Maropitant

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24
Q

Class: Antiemetic, prokinetic,
MOA:
- Serotonin antagonist and antidopaminergic
- 5-HT4 agonist & 5-HT3 antagonist

A

Metoclopramide

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25
Q

Class: Antiemetic
MOA:
- Serotonin antagonist and antidopaminergic
- better than metoclopramide

A

Ondasetron
Dolasetron

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26
Q

Class: Appetite stimulant
MOA:
- 5-HT3 antagonist
- antinausea increases appetite
- increase norepinephrine

A

Mirtazipine

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27
Q

Class: Appetite stimulant
MOA:
- Ghrelin receptor agonist
- directly signal hypothalamus -> increase growth hormone from pituitary

A

Capromorelin

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28
Q

Class: Appetite stimulant
MOA:
- 5-HT3 antagonist inhibits satiety center

A

Cyproheptadine

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29
Q

Class: Appetite stimulant
MOA:
- GABAminergic inhibition of satiety center

A

Diazepam

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30
Q

Class: GI - BIle
MOA:
- Natural hydrophilic bile acid present in the biliary system
- Deceases hepatic synthesis & intestinal absorption of cholestero
- Increases bile flow and volume - Possible anti-inflammatory & immuno-modulatory effects
- May protect hepatic cells from toxic bile

A

Ursodeoxycholic
Ursodiol

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31
Q

Class: GI - Cathartic
MOA:
- Osmotic ->Attract fluid into lumen
- Irritant to colonic lining
- myenteric reflex.
- laxative effect
- Acidifies colonic contents -> causes ammonia (NH3) to migrate from
the blood into the colon -> ammonium ion [NH4]+ expelled with the feces.

32
Q

Class: Emetic
MOA:
- stimulate dopamine receptors in CRTZ
- derivative of morphine

A

Apomorphine

33
Q

Class: Emetic & prokinetic
MOA:
- Alpha-2 agonist

A

Dexmedetomidine
Xylazine

34
Q

Class: Hepatoprotectant
MOA:
- maintains cell membranes
- helps produce and break down serotonin, melatonin, and dopamine.

A

S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe)

35
Q

Class: Hepatoprotectant
MOA:
- Free radical scavenger/antioxidan
- Inhibits TNF
- Prevents toxin penetration into hepatocytes

A

Silymarin (milk thistle)

36
Q

Class: Megaesophagus
MOA
- PDE inhibitor

A

Sildenafil

37
Q

Class: motility modifiers
MOA:
- opioid
- decreased GI motility

A

Loperamide
Diphenoxylate

38
Q

Class: motility modifiers
MOA:
- antimuscarinic
- decreased GI motility

A

Hyocine butylbromide

39
Q

Class: motility modifiers
MOA:
- alpha receptor antagonist
- decreased GI motility

A

Phenoxybenzamine

40
Q

Class: motility modifiers
MOA:
- muscarinic antagonist
- decreased Gi motility

41
Q

Class: bulk laxative
MOA:
- stool softener w/ hydrophilic properties

A

Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

42
Q

Class: GI antifoam
MOA:
- alters surface tension

A

Poloxalene

43
Q

Class: bulk laxative
MOA:
- separate sand particles

A

Psyllium Mucilloid

44
Q

Class: mucosal protectant
MOA:
- Binds to exposed epithelial cell membranes and not normal mucosa
- Protects mucosa against: HCl, Bile, Pepsin
- Possibly stimulates local PG production

A

Sucralfate

45
Q

Class: mucosal protectant
MOA:
- Prostaglandin analog
- Inhibits gastric acid secretion
- Increases bicarbonate secretion
- Increases mucus secretion
- Increases gastric blood flow

A

Misoprostol

46
Q

Class: prokinetic
MOA:
- unknown mechanism

47
Q

Class: prokinetic
MOA:
- muscarinic agonist

A

Bethanacol

48
Q

Class: prokinetic
MOA:
- Inhibits activity of acetylcholinesterase
- increases smooth muscle contraction
- Reduces gastric emptying and jejuenal motility in healthy horses

A

Neostigmine

49
Q

Class: prokinetic
MOA:
- combined 5-HT4 agonist & 5HT-3 antagonist
- enhances ACh release from intrinsic cholinergic neurons

50
Q

Class: prokinetic
MOA:
- motilin agonist

A

Macrolide antimicrobials

51
Q

Class: endocrine
MOA:
- Synthetic ergot derivative
- Long acting dopamine receptor agonist
- Inhibits release of prolactin
- Stimulates dopamine receptors & inhibits production of POMC, ACTH, MSH

52
Q

Class: endocrine
MOA:
- Serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist

A

Cyproheptadine

53
Q

Class: hypothyroidism
MOA:
- Used to replace thyroid hormones

A

Levothyroxine
Synthetic Levothyroxine
thyro tabs
Synthroid

54
Q

Class: endocrine
MOA:
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypoglucemiant

55
Q

Class: hyperadrenocroticism
MOA:
- Competitive enzyme inhibitor blocks formation of cortisol
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- some effect on aldosterone and androgen synthesis

A

Trilostane

56
Q

Class: hyperadrenocroticism
MOA:
- Adrenolytic/adrenal cytotoxic
- Mainly zona fasciculata and reticularis
- some zona glomerulosa destruction.

57
Q

Class: hyperadrenocroticism
MOA:
- Inhibits steroid biosynthesis
- Interferes with the imidazole ring and cytochrome p-450

A

Ketoconazole

58
Q

Class: hyperadrenocroticism
MOA:
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
-> increase dopamine concentrations in pars intermedia
-> increases inhibition of ACTH

A

Selegiline

59
Q

Class: hyperadrenocroticism
MOA:
- Enzyme inhibitor that blocks formation of cortisol
- Possible treatment for feline Cushing’s
- Used for short term stabilization prior to adrenalectomy

A

Metyrapone

60
Q

Class: hypercalcemia
MOA:
- Reduce bone resorption
- Increase renal Ca excretion
- Decrease intestinal absorption of Ca
- Cytotoxic to neoplastic lymphocytes

A

Glucocorticoids

61
Q

Class: hypercalcemia
MOA:
- Inhibits osteoclast activity and bone resorption
- Promotes apoptosis
- inhibits osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis, and cancer cell proliferation

A

Bisphosphonates
Oral: Alendronate Injectable: Pamidronate or Zoledronate

62
Q

Class: hypercalcemia
MOA:
- Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption
- Reduces tubular reabsorption
- promotes excretion of calcium, phosphorus, and other electrolytes

A

Calcitonin

63
Q

Class: hyperthyroidism
MOA:
- inhibits thyroid peroxidase
- inhibits iodide binding to tyrosine

A

Methimazole

64
Q

Class: hyperthyroidism
MOA:
- function of normal thyroid tissue suppressed
- does not produce hormones

65
Q

Class: hypoadrenocorticism
MOA:
- steroid w/both glucocorticoid & mineralcorticoid effects

A

Fludrocortisone

66
Q

Class: hypoadrenocorticism
MOA:
- long acting mineralcorticoid

A

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate

67
Q

Class: hypoglucemiant
MOA:
- reduce glucose absorption from intestine
- decrease amount of glucose produced by liver

68
Q

Class: hypoglucemiant
MOA:
- Na glucose 2 transporter inhibitor
- lowers blood glucose through kidney diuresis

A

Canagliflozin
Valagliflozin

69
Q

Class: oral hypoglycemic
MOA:
- Inhibition of intestinal enzymes that convert starches to simple sugars
- slows digestion of carbs and delays glucose absorption

70
Q

Class: oral hypoglycemic
MOA:
- only useful in cats w/ non-insulin dependent diabetes (II)
- Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent
- Stimulates beta cell secretion of insulin

71
Q

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- Calcineurin inhibitor that binds to cytoplasmic receptor proteins.
- inhibits calcineurin, & decreases expression of IL-2 and other cytokines necessary for T-cell activation.

A

Cyclosporine

72
Q

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- Similar to cyclosporine but used topically

A

Tacrolimus

73
Q

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- Janus Kinase inhibitor
- Inhibits activity of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL13, IL-31*).

A

Oclacitinib
Apoquel

74
Q

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- prodrug that is metabolized to a purine analog (6-mercapto purine).
- Interferes w/ incorporation of purines or pyrimidines into DNA

A

Azathioprine

75
Q

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- alkylate DNA that causes chemical cross-links to occur in DNA
- interferes w/ DNA replication.
- None labeled for use in veterinary medicine.

A

Cyclophosphamide
Chlorambucil

76
Q

Immunemodulator

Mech of Action
- inhibits type II isoform of inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase present in activated lymphocytes.
- inhibits synthesis of guanosine nucleotides.
- may also suppress dendritic cell maturation and monocyte recruitment.

A

Mycophenolate mofetil
Mycophenolic Acid

77
Q

Immunemodulator

MOA
- Anti-inflammatory used for reactive airway Dz (smooth muscle relax)

A

Corticosteroids

Clin Pharm (8 decks)

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