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Z MD1 locomotor and exercise block > drug interactions with exercise > Flashcards

drug interactions with exercise Flashcards

1
Q

explain the plasma insulin levels at rest and during exercise

A

exercise>rest

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2
Q

what are the mechanisms that can contribute to exercise-induced hypoglycaemia

A
  • accelerated insulin absorption from sites near exercising muscles
  • exercise-mediated enhancement of insulin action
  • lack of decline in insulin secretion during exercise
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3
Q

what are the mechanisms that can contribute to exercise-induced hyperglycaemia

A
  • excessive carbohydrate supplementation

- too large a reduction in insulin dose prior to exercise

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4
Q

explain the plasma GTN levels at rest and during exercise

A

exercise>rest

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5
Q

what are the mechanisms that contribute to the increased plasma levels of GTN with exercise

A
  • increased skin blood flow
  • increased kinetic energy of drugs with increased skin temp
  • increased hydration may improve absorption of drugs
    (with transdermal administration)
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6
Q

what are the negative effects of GTN during exercise

A

there is the potential for vasodilation of the skin vasculature –> can cause excessive hypotension and divert coronary blood flow

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7
Q

explain the plasma salbutamol levels at rest and during exercise

A

exercise>rest

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8
Q

what are the mechanisms that contribute to the increased plasma levels of salbutamol with exercise

A
  • increased respiratory rate
  • increased pulmonary blood flow
  • increased epithelial permeability
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9
Q

what are the drug effects of exercise on the gut

A
  • inhibits gastric emptying (reducing drug delivery to the small intestine)
  • increases intestinal motility to reduce transit time (less time for absorption of lipophilic drugs)
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10
Q

explain the plasma walfarin levels at rest and during exercise

A

rest>exercise

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11
Q

what are the mechanisms that contribute to the increased plasma levels of warfarin at rest compared to at exercise

A
  • increased binding of warfarin to albumin –> decreased free warfarin
  • possible increased metabolism with training
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12
Q

what is the effect of warfarin during exercise

A

shorter clotting time compared to at rest

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13
Q

explain the plasma and muscle digoxin levels at rest and during exercise

A

plasma - rest>exercise

muscle - exercise>rest

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14
Q

what is the mechanism that contributes to the decreased digoxin level during exercise

A

redistribution due to increased binding to skeletal muscle

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15
Q

what is the implication of the decreased plasma digoxin level during exercise

A

reduced efficacy to increase contractility or control rate

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16
Q

what is the difference between propranolol, atenolol and carvedilol plasma levels during rest and exercise

A 
propranolol = exercise>rest
atenolol = exercise>rest
carvedilol = exercise=rest
17
Q

what is the mechanism behind the increased plasma level of propranolol with exercise

A

due to reduced hepatic clearance

metabolism highly dependent on hepatic blood flow

18
Q

what is the mechanism behind the increased plasma level of atenolol with exercise

A

reduced renal clearance

excretion highly dependent on renal blood flow

19
Q

what are the implications of having a higher plasma level of beta blockers during exercise

A

increased risk of exercise-limiting adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, fatigue)

20
Q

for a substance/method to be prohibited by the WADA - what are the conditions that have to be fulfilled

A
  • potential to enhance, or does enhance performance in sport
  • potential risk to athlete’s health
  • WADA has determined that the substance or method violates the spirit of sport
21
Q

in what ways can drugs enhance an athletes performance

A
  • relax the body
  • increase oxygen delivery
  • remove lactic acid in exercising tissues
  • mask pain
  • reduce weight
  • build mass and strength of muscles and/or bones
22
Q

how can diuretics cause a potential advantage in sport

A
  • loss of fluid can reduce weight

- dilution of urine will decrease concentration of other banned drugs

23
Q

what are the potential disadvantages of taking diuretics in sport

A
  • dehydration

- hypokalaemia

24
Q

what are the effects of b1 adrenoceptors during sport

A
  • increase HR
  • increase SV
  • increase lipolysis
25
Q

what are the effects of b2 adrenoceptors during sport

A
  • bronchodilation
  • increase blood flow to skeletal muscle and skin
  • growth/speed of contraction of skeletal muscle
  • liver glycogenolysis
26
Q

what are the potential advantages of taking beta blockers in sport

A
  • reduce HR and stress

- stop hands and bodies shaking while competing in precision sports that require accuracy

27
Q

what are the potential disadvantages of taking beta blockers in sport

A
  • lower BP and HR
  • reflex vasoconstriction via alpha 1 adrenoceptors
  • non selective block of B2 adrenoceptors –> bronchoconstriction
  • fatigue
28
Q

what are the potential advantages of taking beta2 agonists in sport if taken systemically

A
  • increased skeletal muscle blood flow –> increases oxygen supply and lactic acid removal reduces fatigue
  • exerts anabolic effect –> increase muscle mass –> increase strength
  • exerts catabolic effect to reduce body weight
29
Q

potential side effects of taking beta2 agonists in sport

A
  • tachycardia

- muscle tremor

30
Q

what is the banned status of taking beta2 agonists in sport

A
  • prohibited for any route other than inhalation - need to have <1ug/ml in the urine
31
Q

what are the potential advantages of taking glucocorticoids in sport

A

Mask pain!

- anti-inflammatory actions

32
Q

what are the potential disadvantages of taking glucocorticoids in sport

A
  • damage to tissues used before full recovery

- chronic use can cause Cushing syndrome

33
Q

what are the potential advantages of taking androgens in sport

A
  • increase muscle strength by encouraging new growth

- allows the athlete to train harder longer

34
Q

what are the potential advantages of taking growth hormone in sport

A
  • reduced fat mass
  • increased lean mass
  • increased bone density
35
Q

what are the potential disadvantages of taking GH in sport

A
  • joint pain
  • increased risk of diabetes
  • acromegaly

Z MD1 locomotor and exercise block (13 decks)

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