Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Drug Interactions, Adverse Drug Reaction > Flashcards

Drug Interactions, Adverse Drug Reaction Flashcards

1
Q

Additive drug interaction

A

1+1=2 If 2 drugs are taken together, the response is the same as if it was just one drug taken.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potentiate

A

a+b= B One of the drug’s response is magnified.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Synergism

A

1+1=5 the response is greater than the 2 drugs taken together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antagonism

A

Blocks the response of one drug. 1+1=0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Idiosyncratic

A

1+1 =437 anything than what we expected,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inhibitory

A

1+1=0.5 response is decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Pharmacokinetic Interactions (ADME) 
Interactions with absorption
A

Absorption: pH depends on environment, decrease or increase in peristalsis(decrease peristalsis increase chance of absorption), absorbent drugs (Metamucil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What affects Distribution?

A

Protein binding- highly protein bound drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What affects Metabolism?

A

CYP450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Factors affectin Excretion

A
  • drugs that decease cardia output affect GFR
  • alter the filtration,reabsorption, or active secretion of drugs
  • P-glycoprotein: pumps drugs out of cell
  • protective mechanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharmacodynamic interations

A
  • interaction of drugs at the same site

- interaction of drugs at separate site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Cytochrome P450?

A

-5 Isoenzymes responsible for the metabolism of most drugs
-CYP1A2
-Cyp3A4
-Cyp2c19
-cyp2d6
-cyp3a4
Inhibitors: more drug available results in toxicity
-Inducers : increase the metabolism of the drug resulting in less drug and response ex: oral contraceptive pills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Drug-Food Interactions

A
  • decreased absorption (delay onset of the drugs)
  • increased absorption ( certain types of food and minerals) iron and orange juice
  • Gi distress( Take with food to prevent discomfort and ulceration)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drug food interaction examples

A
  • MAO inhibitors and Tyramine rich foods

- chocolate,beer,aged cheeses,pepperoni, salami, hot dogs, avocados, favs beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Grapefruit and grapefruit juices?

A

interacts with the CYP450 metabolism

  • major toxicity risk
  • calcium channel blockers
  • statin drugs
  • transplant Drugs
  • SSRIs
  • Versed (anesthesia procedures)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When to take medication on a empty stomach?

A
  • 1hr before or 2 hours after a meal

- stop tube feedings

17
Q

What is an adverse drug reaction

A
18
Q

Poly pharmacy increases risk of ADR in older adults true of false?

A

True

19
Q

What is Toxicity and how to decrease it?

A
  • excessive dosing
  • start low and slow in older adults
  • lower doses in children
  • ethnic have varied responses
20
Q

Drugs are the leading cause of what type of acute organ failure?

A 
Liver
-fatal 
-toxic products injure liver 
-nausea, vomit, jaundice 
-AST and ALT 
_S/s of hepatitis
21
Q

What to measure for Kidney toxicity

A
  • BUN
  • GFR
  • creatinine clearance
22
Q

How to monitor Bone marrow toxicity?

A
  • monitor CBC
23
Q

What to look out for in Heart toxicity?

A

-dysrhythmias increased QT interval

24
Q

Allergic rxn

A
  • less than 10%
  • exposed to allergen first
  • intensity of dosage is independent of amount of dose
  • PCN,NSAIDS, sulfa drugs
25
Q

Paradoxical efffect

A

Response is opposite of intended response

26
Q

Iatrogenic disease

A

6 dugs that can cause what looks like lupus in patients.

- stop drug therapy

27
Q

Physical dependence

A
  • experience a set of physical symptoms when you don’t have that drug
28
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

-do whatever it takes to get the drug.this is longer to treat.

29
Q

Teratogenic effect

A

Drugs that cause birth defects

-flipper like growths

30
Q

Role of the Nurse regarding prevention of ADRs

A
  • anticipate ADRs
  • patient teaching
  • medications guides
  • black box warnings
  • increased awareness in patients with chronic disease
31
Q

1999 IOM report

A
  • investigated why we have med errors
    -human fact,ors, communication mistakes
    , name factors:
32
Q

Human factor drug errors

A
  • performance deficits 30%, knowledge deficits 14%, miscalculation 13%
  • 20;drugs cause 80% of fatal deaths
  • overdose,wrong drug 16%, wrong route l16%
33
Q

Communication mistakes

A
  • written communication

- oral communication

34
Q

Name confusion

A
  • labeling and reference materials

- packaging,formulations, delivery devices

35
Q

Med errors

A

-unapproved abbreviations
- TALLman lettering
SALAD (LASA)
-med zones - silent area
- computer order entry
- bar code administration
- read back verbal orders
-do not crush list
- timely administration up to 2 hour window
- medication reconciliation : check me list and compare to current orders
-recognize near miss

36
Q

What happens when med error happens

A
  • check patient
  • notify provider
    Notify supervisor
  • complete quality assurance

Pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions