drug interactions

Question 1

Drug A may influence the effectivness of Drug B by altering its availability. This is ________ consideration.
pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic

Answer 1

pharmacokinetic

Question 2

Drug A may interfere with Drug B by altering its interaction with its receptor. This is a _________ consideration.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacodynamic

Answer 2

pharmacodynamic

Question 3

what is warfarin administered to treat

Answer 3

anti-coagulant in patients with clot issues

Question 4

warfarin is an ______ inhibitor/ activator of Vitamin _ epoxide reductase

Answer 4

inhibitor

K

Question 5

what does vitamin K epoxide reductase do?

what is the physiological significance of this action?

Answer 5

recycles oxidized vitamin K to reduced vitamin K

production of active clotting factors

Question 6

what is a PT (prothrombin time)

Answer 6

measure of time required for blood to clot under standard lab conditions `

Question 7

what is an INR

Answer 7

international normalized ratio

clotting time : control normal sample

Question 8

what does a high INR imply?

Answer 8

sample requires long time to form a clot

Question 9

how does vitamin K affect warfarin?

Answer 9

antagonistic intervention

competes for the vitamin K epoxide reductase

Question 10

how do benzodiazepines affect GABA receptors

Answer 10

positive allosteric modulator

Question 11

how to barbiturates affect GABA ?

Answer 11

Positive allosteric modulator / agonist

Question 12

how does alcohol affect GABA

Answer 12

positive allosteric modulator

Question 13

how does zolpidem / ambien affect GABA

Answer 13

positive allosteric modulator

Question 14

to what class of drugs does xanax belong

Answer 14

benzodiazepines

Question 15

to what class of drugs does ambien belong

Answer 15

zolpidem

Question 16

the reactions of the drugs acting on GABA receptors are known as

Answer 16

synergism or additive interactions

Question 17

what kind of channel is GABA

Answer 17

chloride

Question 18

high body temperature, agitation, dilated pupils, muscle twitching, elevated BP can indicate that someone has…..,

Answer 18

serotonin syndrome

Question 19

what do monoamine oxidase inhibitors do?

Answer 19

prevent breakdown of 5HT by monoamine oxidase

Question 20

monoamine oxidase inhibitors have ______ (short/long) lasting effects because their actions are often ________. (reversible / irreversible)

Answer 20

long

irreversible

Question 21

what do tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors do?

Answer 21

prevent reuptake of 5HT from the synaptic cleft

Question 22

what does St. John’s wort?

Answer 22

likely acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 23

recreational drugs

Answer 23

promote serotonin release

Question 24

serotonin syndrome is an example of _____ signalling (indirect, direct, synergy)

Answer 24

indirect

Question 25

______ interactions alter drug availability (pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic)

Answer 25

pharmacokinetic

Question 26

drugs that under _________ or __________can alter absorption of a drug.

Answer 26

gut motility

blood flow

Question 27

CYP3A4 breaks down which drug ?

Answer 27

warfarin

Question 28

rifampicin enhances CYP3A4 activity

T or F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

glucocorticoids _________ CYP3A4 activity (enhance / inhibit)

Answer 29

enhance

Question 30

which fruits juices can inhibit CYP3A4

Answer 30

grapefruit

Question 31

name the 4 inducers of CYP3A4 studies in class

Answer 31

rifampicin
phenytoin
carbamazepine
glucocorticoids

Question 32

name the 2 inhibitors of CYP3A4 studied in class

Answer 32

grapefuirt juice

ertyhromycin