drug interactions Flashcards
Drug A may influence the effectivness of Drug B by altering its availability. This is ________ consideration.
pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic
pharmacokinetic
Drug A may interfere with Drug B by altering its interaction with its receptor. This is a _________ consideration.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic
what is warfarin administered to treat
anti-coagulant in patients with clot issues
warfarin is an ______ inhibitor/ activator of Vitamin _ epoxide reductase
inhibitor
K
what does vitamin K epoxide reductase do?
what is the physiological significance of this action?
recycles oxidized vitamin K to reduced vitamin K
production of active clotting factors
what is a PT (prothrombin time)
measure of time required for blood to clot under standard lab conditions `
what is an INR
international normalized ratio
clotting time : control normal sample
what does a high INR imply?
sample requires long time to form a clot
how does vitamin K affect warfarin?
antagonistic intervention
competes for the vitamin K epoxide reductase
how do benzodiazepines affect GABA receptors
positive allosteric modulator
how to barbiturates affect GABA ?
Positive allosteric modulator / agonist
how does alcohol affect GABA
positive allosteric modulator
how does zolpidem / ambien affect GABA
positive allosteric modulator
to what class of drugs does xanax belong
benzodiazepines
to what class of drugs does ambien belong
zolpidem
the reactions of the drugs acting on GABA receptors are known as
synergism or additive interactions
what kind of channel is GABA
chloride
high body temperature, agitation, dilated pupils, muscle twitching, elevated BP can indicate that someone has…..,
serotonin syndrome
what do monoamine oxidase inhibitors do?
prevent breakdown of 5HT by monoamine oxidase
monoamine oxidase inhibitors have ______ (short/long) lasting effects because their actions are often ________. (reversible / irreversible)
long
irreversible
what do tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors do?
prevent reuptake of 5HT from the synaptic cleft
what does St. John’s wort?
likely acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor
recreational drugs
promote serotonin release
serotonin syndrome is an example of _____ signalling (indirect, direct, synergy)
indirect
______ interactions alter drug availability (pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic)
pharmacokinetic
drugs that under _________ or __________can alter absorption of a drug.
gut motility
blood flow
CYP3A4 breaks down which drug ?
warfarin
rifampicin enhances CYP3A4 activity
T or F
T
glucocorticoids _________ CYP3A4 activity (enhance / inhibit)
enhance
which fruits juices can inhibit CYP3A4
grapefruit
name the 4 inducers of CYP3A4 studies in class
rifampicin
phenytoin
carbamazepine
glucocorticoids
name the 2 inhibitors of CYP3A4 studied in class
grapefuirt juice
ertyhromycin
