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PHIN > Drug Information > Flashcards

Drug Information Flashcards

1
Q

printed information in a particular reference or verbalized by an individual that pertains to medications

A

drug information

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2
Q

many cases individuals use this term in different
contexts by associating it with other words such as:

A

★ Specialist/ Practitioner/ Pharmacist/ Provider
★ Center/ Service/ Practice
★ Function/ Skills

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3
Q

are considered drug information providers?

A

★ Pharmacists
★ Doctors
★ Nurses
★ Medical Researches
★ Other health care professionals

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4
Q

misleading information

A

★ News Media
★ Biased/Wrong Information
★ Incomplete Research
★ Internet

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5
Q

purpose of drug information?

A

improve the level of patient care by ensuring SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF MEDICINES

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6
Q

★ book, written published books
★ more reliable

A

when drug information is PRINTED

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7
Q

from reliable source like
registered pharmacist, registered physician,
registered nurse, and other medical researcher,
and other medical health care provider

A

when drug information is VERBALIZED

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8
Q

➔ Comes with medication or drug therapy/process
➔ It conveys the management and the use of drug
➔ managed by P&TC (Pharmacy and Therapeutic
Committee)

A

Medication information

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9
Q

★ when drug specialization starts

A

1960

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10
Q

in —– , first drug center or 1st drug information center is in ——

A

1962

university of kentucky medical center

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11
Q

★ NO human involved
★ animal testing

A

pre-clinical trial

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12
Q

★ 100 healthy volunteers

A

Phase 1

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13
Q

★ Patient
★ Efficacy

A

Phase 2

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14
Q

★ 1000-3000 people
★ ADR and side effects

A

Phase 3

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15
Q

this happens after Phase 3 before Phase 4 (PMS or Post Marketing Studies)

A

FDA APPROVAL

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16
Q

★ drug improvement
★ allowed to patent

A

Post Marketing Studies

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17
Q

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

A

Drug Info resources used in pharmacy

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18
Q

most recent and in-depth
information about a topic

allows the reader
to analyze and critique the study methodology

determine if the conclusions are valid

A

primary sources

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19
Q

★ Most specific
★ Most current
★ most accurate

information from CLINICAL TRIAL

A

primary

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20
Q

E.g. Original Research, Case Studies,
Manufacturer’s Monograph, published journal (2-4)

A

primary

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21
Q

information from the tertiary sources is not
recent or comprehensive enough

to direct the reader to review primary
literature articles that might provide more
insight on the topic

★ from primary literature that might provide more
insight

★ not recent / not comprehensive

A

secondary

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22
Q

E.g.
○ Computerized Indexing systems (classifying
documents)
○ Abstracting Publications

A

secondary

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23
Q

general product
information

A

MEDLINE, EMBASE,
IPA, IDIS

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24
Q

Adverse effect

A

REACTIONS WEEKLY,
EMBASE, MEDLINE

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25
Q

Compounding/formulations

A

MEDLINE, EMBASE,
IPA, IDIS

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26
Q

Dietary supplement

A

MEDLINE, EMBASE,
IPA, IDIS

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27
Q

★ Excellent first-line resources
★ RAPID ACCESS to information
★ general information
★ general resources
★ books are tertiary
★ from secondary

A

tertiary

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28
Q

E.g
○ Textbook
○ Drug Compendia
○ Review Articles in journals
○ Full text computer/ handheld databases
○ Internet

A

tertiary

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29
Q

knowledge obtained from investigation,
study, or instruction

A

information

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30
Q

describe it as one or more statements or
facts that are received by a human and that have
some form of worth to the recipient

A

information

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31
Q

“knowledge communicated or received concerning
a particular fact or circumstance”

A

information

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31
Q

Used to convey the MANAGEMENT and USE
of information on MEDICATION THERAPY and
to signify the broader role that all pharmacists
take in information provision

A

medication information

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31
Q

refer to an aggregation or
group of individuals defined by a set of common
characteristics

A

population

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31
Q

individual responsible for operation of
the center

A

drug information specialist

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32
Q

★ To be “a source of selected, comprehensive
drug information for staff physicians and
dentists to evaluate and compare drugs” as well
as to provide the drug information needs of
nurses.
★ To take an active role in the education of health
professional students including medicine,
dentistry, nursing, and pharmacy

A

Drug Information Center

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32
Q

used to describe the evolving roles of the
medication information specialist

A

drug informatics

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32
Q

should be stored in the center and retrieved,
selected, evaluated, and disseminated by the
specialist.

A

drug information

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33
Q

★ Support for clinical services.
★ Answering questions.
★ Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee activity.
★ Publications
★ Education - in services for health professionals,
students, consumers.
★ Medication usage evaluation/medication use
evaluation.
★ Investigational medication control
★ Coordination of reporting programs. e.g.
adverse drug reactions
★ Poison information
★ Overseeing clinical trials

A

Medication Information
Services

34
Q

○ approve, monitor, and review biomedical
and behavioral research involving humans.
○ Information for practitioners.

A

Institutional Review Board activities

35
Q

best stepwise approach to find information?

A

tertiary, secondary, primary

36
Q

➔ Provide the practitioner with GENERAL INFORMATION
needed TO FAMILIARIZE the reader with the topic
➔ General source
➔ Excellent first-line resources
➔ Rapid access to information

A

tertiary sources

37
Q

★ Textbooks
★ Drug Compendia
★ Review Articles in journals
★ Full text computer/ handheld databases
★ Internet

A

tertiary sources

38
Q

other sources?

A

➔ Manufacturers
➔ Expert in the field
➔ Internet Websites

39
Q

➔ ORIGINAL PUBLISHED or unpublished works that
introduce NEW KNOWLEDGE or enhance existing
knowledge on a subject.
➔ Include research results and case reports as well
as evaluative and descriptive studies.
➔ These are the FOUNDATION for the secondary and
tertiary literature
➔ Provide the MOST ACCURATE information because
they contain the ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS

A

primary sources

40
Q

advantages of primary sources?

A

★ Access to detailed information about a topic
and the ability to personally assess the utility
and validity of study results.
★ More recent than tertiary or secondary
literature.
★ Peer-reviewed

41
Q

disadvantages of primary sources?

A

★ Misleading conclusions based on only one trial
without the context of other researches.
★ There is a need to have good skills in medical
literature evaluation.
★ Longer time needed to evaluate the large
volume of literature available.

42
Q

Refers to references that either index or abstract the primary literature with the goal of
directing the user to primary literature

A

secondary

43
Q

Consists of providing bibliographic citation information (e.g., title, author, and citation of the
article)

A

indexing

44
Q

a brief description (or abstract) of
the information provided by the article or resource cited

A

abstracting

45
Q

➔ Frequently used to access the primary literature
and usually consist of bibliographic citations.
➔ Most sources identify citations through a computer
or “online” searching process, some exist in print
form.
➔ Can be used for multiple purposes; one can be to
help keep a practitioner of recently published
information
➔ Find more recent or detailed information on
specified treatment or disease
➔ Frequently used to access the primary literature
and usually consists of bibliographic citations.
➔ Available as abstracting services, citations, indexes
with or without full text, and directories.
➔ Less current than the primary literature.

A

secondary sources

46
Q

advantages of secondary sources?

A

★ Saves time
★ Cheaper than journal
★ On-line easy to search
★ Updated information can be sent to you periodically

47
Q

disadvantage of secondary sources?

A

★ Time lag - The time lag for most secondary sources is now 4-8 weeks after primary resource publication.

48
Q

★ This monthly service indexes important new
research, adverse reactions, and
pharmacoeconomic data in the area of
therapies for infectious disease.

★ Paper as well as electronic formats are
available.

★ Adis International,
https://www.springer.com/gp/adis

A

ANTI-INFECTIVES TODAY

49
Q

★ Thompson Medical, https://clarivate.com/

★ This is a comprehensive database of biologic
information, covering biologic and biomedical
information.

★ BIOSIS also covers abstracts from conferences
relating to basic sciences.

★ This is the most helpful when seeking basic
science information.

★ Both print and electronic formats are available
and are updated semi-monthly

A

Biologic Abstracting/Biosis Reviews

50
Q

★ Adis International,
https://www.springer.com/gp/adis

★ This is a monthly indexing and abstracting
service summarizing current literature in the
area of cancer management.

★ Information from recent trials, case reports, and
international meetings is provided.

★ Available in print and also electronically

A

CANCER TODAY

51
Q

★ National Cancer Institute «www.cancer.gov»

★ This database is maintained by the National
Cancer Institute and indexes from a variety of sources specific to cancer literature

★ This resource is most useful when looking for
information about oncology therapies or quality
of life issues

★ This resource is updated MONTHLY and is
available electronically at
«http://www.cancer.gov/search_literature/

A

CANCERLIT

52
Q

★ CINAHL Information Systems,
<https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-dat
abases/cinahl-complete>

★ This is an indexing service that covers literature
primarily in the fields of nursing and allied
health.

★ This database is useful when seeking
information about patient care from the
perspective of allied health professionals.

★ It is updated MONTHLY

A

CINAHL

53
Q

★ Cochrane Library, https://www.cochrane.org/
★ This database, published quarterly, indexes
Cochrane reviews about a variety of medical
treatments, conditions, and alternative
therapies.
★ These evidence - based medicine reviews are
based on extensive analysis of current literature
and provide treatment recommendations.

A

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

54
Q

★ Thompson Medical
,http://comingsoon.markmonitor.com/
★ This electronic service offers an overview of
very recently published literature as it relates to
scientific information.
★ The clinical medicine and life sciences
subgroups are useful for information about
recent drug research and developments.

A

Current Contents

55
Q

★ Elsevier, https://www.embase.com/
★ EMBASE is a comprehensive abstracting
service covering biomedical literature worldwide
★ This database covers material similar to that
covered by MEDLINE®, but with greater
coverage of international publications.
★ Additionally, there is less lag time between
publication and inclusion in the database.
★ This database is useful when seeking
information about DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS or
medications that may be available in other
countries.

A

Embase

56
Q

★ Google, «scholar.google.com» An internet
search engine that is designed to target
scholarly materials available online in a variety
of professional areas including health care.
★ Information from a variety of scholarly journals
and publications is able to be searched,
however, in some cases, the searcher may not
be able to access full-text versions of articles or
works due to password restrictions.

A

Google Scholar

57
Q

★ American Society of Health - System
Pharmacists, <www.ashp.org>
★ Coverage includes drug related information,
including drug use and development.
★ This database also abstracts a variety of
meeting presentations.
★ The main focus of this database is pharmacy
information, including pharmacy administration
and clinical services, making it the most
comprehensive database for pharmacy -
specific information.</www.ashp.org>

A

International Pharmaceutical Abstracts

58
Q

★ Division of Drug Information Service, University
of Iowa, http://itsnt14.its.uiowa.edu/
★ This is an indexing service that allows retrieval
of complete articles from a variety of biomedical
publications.
★ Indexing is done by database- specific term,
which at times makes searching challenging
★ This database is useful for information about
standard medications.
★ It is unique in that it provides full articles, in
either PDF form, or for older articles,
microfiche.
★ There are limited number of journals covered
and not all information from a specific journal
issue is covered.

A

Iowa Drug Information Service

59
Q

★ Massachusetts medical Society,
https://www.jwatch.org/
★ Journal watch is an abstracting service
including recent information, summarized by
physicians, from a variety of medical literature.
★ A general newsletter covering major medical
stories of interest to generalists is published
along with additional newsletters in specific
specialty areas.
★ This is the most helpful when MONITORING FOR NEW CLINICAL TRIALS involving specific medications

A

Journal Watch

60
Q

★ LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions,
<https://www.lexisnexis.com/en-us/gateway.pag
e>
★ This indexing service covers a variety of
information including MEDICAL, LEGAL and BUSINESS NEWS. Some publications are available
in full text through this service.
★ This resource is helpful when attempting to
locate information about RECENT MEDICAL NEWS OR RESEARCH.

A

LexisNexis

61
Q

★ National Library of medicine www.medline.com
★ Coverage includes basic and clinical services
as well as nursing, dentistry, veterinary
medicine, and many other healthcare
disciplines.
★ Information comes from more than 3990
journals in 40 different languages.
★ Available in PubMed

A

MedLine

62
Q

★ Adis International,
https://www.springer.com/gp/adis
★ This monthly indexing and abstracting service
covers recent literature regarding then use of
drugs in pediatrics from both biomedical
literature and recent clinical meetings.
★ Requestors seeking information about pediatric
uses of medications may find this resource
helpful

A

Pediatrics Today

63
Q

★ Adis International, <www.adis.com>
★ Weekly publication
★ Covers recent publications regarding economic
use of health care resources, as well as
information on PRESCRIBING TRENDS, recent health
care news, and regulatory updates.
★ Focuses on the economic impact of disease
states and medical intervention.</www.adis.com>

A

Pharmaeconomics and Outcomes News Weekly

64
Q

★ Adis International,
https://www.springer.com/gp/adis
★ A weekly indexing/abstracting service
★ Summarizes literature involving adverse events,
drug interactions, drug dependence, and
toxicology data.
★ Useful when seeking case reports on adverse
reactions or other information on drug safety.

A

Reactions Weekly

65
Q

★ Convenient and easy to use
★ Well accepted in medical practice

A

Tertiary sources

66
Q

★ Lag time associated with publication.
★ Medical information changes, may be out of
date before it is even published.
★ Incomplete information.
★ Errors in transcription
★ Human bias Incorrect interpretation of
information
★ Lack of expertise by authors
★ Impossible to compile a comprehensive list of
tertiary resources that are useful in all areas of
pharmacy practice

A

disadvantages of tertiary sources

67
Q

General product
information (tertiary)

A

Handbook of
Non-prescription Drugs,
Major Compendia

68
Q

Adverse effects (tertiary)

A

Meylers’s Side Effcet of
Drugs, Side Effects of
Drugs Annual (major
compendia)

69
Q

Availability of dosage
form (tertiary)

A

Red Book, American Drug
Index (major compendia)

70
Q

Dietary Supplement (tertiary)

A

Natural Medicine
Comprehensive Database,
Review of Natural Product

71
Q

★ Goodman and Gillman’s Pharmacological
Basis of Therapeutics

★ Basic & Clinical Pharmacology by Katzung

★ American Hospital Formulary Service
(AHFS)

★ Handbook on Injectable Drugs

★ Micromedex

★ Clinical Pharmacology

★ Drug Facts and Comparisons

★ Drug Information Handbook

★ Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference

★ Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

★ American Drug Index

A

Pharmacology and Drug Information Resources

72
Q

○ contains general principles of action,
absorption, distribution and metabolism.
○ It is a “gold standard” pharmacology text
and is very well referenced

A

Goodman and Gillman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

73
Q

complete and comprehensive general
pharmacology text which is utilized
nationally as primary reference for many
pharmacology courses.

A

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by Katzung

74
Q

○ FDA approved and non-labeled uses;
extensive dosage and usage section
○ Published annually with quarterly updates

A

American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS)

75
Q

○ Covers parenteral infusions, drug stability
and compatibility;
○ published approximately every two years
with an annual supplement.

A

Handbook on Injectable Drugs

76
Q

○ an online pharmacology database which
has a vast array of information dealing with
pharmacology, therapeutics, poison
information,

A

Micromedex

77
Q

○ an online pharmacology database that
consists of extensive, peer-reviewed,
current, accurate drug information for health
care providers. Contains full text information
on GENERIC, BRAND, HERBAL or INVESTIGATIONAL
drugs.

A

Clinical Pharmacology

78
Q

○ FDA approved drugs and investigational
and orphan agents; legend and OTC
listings;
○ good quick-source

A

Drug Facts and Comparisons

79
Q

○ alphabetical listing of drugs by generic name; many charts, algorithms, and tables
with information; not referenced
○ published annually

A

Drug Information Handbook

80
Q

○ foreign drug information including selected
US drugs; great resource for obscure
information and for names of drugs in other
countries; well referenced; published by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great
Britain
○ published approximately every four years

A

Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference

81
Q

○ FDA approved product information; usage
and dosage information only as approved by the FDA. Not useful for finding critical drug information
○ updated annually

A

Physician’s Desk Reference

82
Q

○ listing of products available in US and cross-referenced by trade, generic, and chemical names; various pharmacy type
information
○ updated editions published annually

A

American Drug Index

83
Q

★ Drug Interaction Facts

★ Hansten and Horn’s Drug Interaction

A

Drug Interaction Resources

84
Q

○ Mechanism of drug/drug and drug/food
interaction listed as well as clinical
significance; well referenced
○ updated quarterly for placement binders or
available annually in a text version

A

Drug Interaction Facts

85
Q

○ similar to Drug Interaction Facts; an introductory chapter provides an excellent discussion regarding mechanisms of drug interactions

A

Hansten and Horn’s Drug Interaction Analysis and Management

86
Q

★ Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs

A

Information on Drug Side Effects

87
Q

○ Side effects of Drugs Annual
○ lists and discusses side effects associated with drug therapy; comprehensive index
referenced by drug and adverse drug reaction
○ published approximately every four years with yearly updates

A

Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs

88
Q

○ information concerning the practice of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences
○ republished approximately every five year

A

Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy

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