Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Pharmacology > Drug Dose and Response Factors > Flashcards

Drug Dose and Response Factors Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that influence drug dose and response can be grouped into these 3 main categories:

A

Relating to:
The animal
The drug
The environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An important anatomic species difference to keep in mind when choosing drugs for ruminants vs monogastrics:

A

Different digestive tracts and pH
Rumen: 6
Stomach: 2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An important physiologic difference in cats that can inhibit metabolism of some drugs:

A

Cats don’t have salivary amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Cats have more acidic urine, while dogs and horses have more basic urine.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What species is deficient in some drug-metabolizing enzymes?

A

Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can make sensitivity to opioids change?

A

Presence or down-regulation of receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Herding breeds are predisposed to hypersensitivity reactions to some drugs, such as Ivermectin, due to the presence of this gene:

A

Multidrug Resistance (MDR-1) Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What breeds are especially sensitive to phenothiazines, such as acepromazine, due to increased vagal or parasympathetic tone leading to severe hypotension and bradycardia?

A

Brachycephalics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: Genetic differences in individual animals are genetically tested routinely, so it’s common to know about them before they cause a problem.

A

FALSE

Most are occult and are not tested for except in cases of breed predisposition. Most genetic differences don’t have tests available.

Learn from individual’s drug response. Record ALL responses to medications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Most dosages are based on the average adult animal.

A

TRUE

Adjust dose for lean, obese, dehydrated, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Yellow discoloration of teeth and bones in young animals can be caused by what drug?

A

Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Giving fluoroquinolones, such as Baytril, to foals can have what adverse effect?

A

Damage to cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glucocorticoids given to young animals has what negative effect?

A

Inhibits normal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Presence of chronic disease affecting organ function, increased fat deposits, and decreased CO, renal function, albumin, lean body mass, and metabolic enzymes are factors to consider when determining drug dosages for what age group?

A

Geriatrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Sex and temperament should not affect drug dosages.

A

FALSE

Consider pregnancy and lactation, and differences in M vs F body composition.

Aggressive dogs may need higher dose of sedatives d/t high sympathetic drive, while docile dogs may need lower doses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uncommon, abnormal drug reactions that are genetically determined and unpredictable:

A

Idiosyncratic (individual responses)

17
Q

Which of the following are associated with idiosyncratic drug reactions?

Dose dependent
Fever
Facial swelling
Skin eruptions
Collapse
Organ toxicity
Bone marrow suppression
A

All except dose dependency!

fever, facial swelling, skin eruptions, collapse, organ toxicity, bone marrow suppression

18
Q

Idiosyncratic reactions in cats given enrofloxacin present with:

A

Irreversible retinal damage in blindness

19
Q

Zonisamide is associated with what idiosyncratic reaction?

A

Reversible neutropenia

20
Q

What kind of drug reaction happens when drugs act as antigens or haptens, and requires prior exposure?

A

Drug Hypersensitivity reactions (allergic drug reaction)

21
Q

What types of drugs are common in hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Human and animal products: plasma/blood transfusions, hormones, ALBUMIN.

22
Q

Match the diseases to their effect on drug clearance:

  1. Hepatic Dysfunction
  2. Renal Insufficiency
  3. Congestive Heart Failure

A. Decreased drug excretion
B. Decreased renal excretion
C. Decreased drug metabolism

A
  1. Hepatic Dysfunction = Decreased Drug Metabolism
  2. Renal Insufficiency = Decreased Drug Excretion
  3. Congestive Heart Failure = Decreased Renal Excretion
23
Q

Ruminants being tolerant to barbiturates is what type of drug tolerance?

A

Natural tolerance

24
Q

Enzyme induction, increased excretion, and receptor down-regulation are what type of drug tolerance?

A

Acquired

25
Q

What kind of drug tolerance is associated with a tolerance to drugs of the same class?

A

Cross-tolerance

26
Q

What type of drug tolerance is acutely acquired and requires the use of a different drug to complete treatment?

A

Tachyphylaxis

27
Q

Between the IV and Oral routes of administration, which has a slower onset of action, but a longer duration?

A

Oral

28
Q

T/F: MgSO4 has a different effect when given orally vs intravenously?

A

TRUE

MgSO4 IV: cardiac depressant/antiarrythmic and muscle relaxant

MgSO4 orally: cathartic/purgative (laxative)

29
Q

Administration of oral meds, endocrine drugs, and CNS stimulants can be affected by what?

A

Timing

30
Q

Renal insufficiency and adipose tissue stores can cause ______ of drugs in the system.

A

accumulation

31
Q

Combining trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, 2 antimicrobials with DIFFERENT ACTIONS, makes the drug effect more INTENSE. This is an example of what type of drug interaction?

A

Potentiation

32
Q

Giving 2 drugs with the SAME action to EXAGGERATE their effects is called:

A

Synergism

33
Q

Pharmacokinetic drug exposure refers to the movement of the drug through the body and is characterized by these factors:

A

Absorption
Distribution
Biotransformation
Excretion

34
Q

Competitive drug antagonism is a form of what kind of drug interaction?

A

Pharmacodynamic

35
Q

Drugs binding to administration tubing is an example of what kind of drug incompatibility?

A

Physical

36
Q

Administration of blood transfusions cannot be given with Ca++ containing fluids due to the formation of blood clots. This is an example of what kind of drug incompatibility?

A

Chemical

37
Q

Environmental factors that can affect drug response and effect:

A

Temperature
Humidity
Oxygen (drugs for anaerobic infections)
Light exposure!

38
Q

What is one example of a light-sensitive drug?

A

Lidocaine

RUSVM Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions