Drug dependence

Question 1

psychoactive drugs

Answer 1

drugs that can alter our consciousness and perceptions

Question 2

what are the 4 main categories of psychoactive drugs

Answer 2

depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
opioids

Question 3

depressants

Answer 3

drugs that lower body’s basic functions and neural activity. decrease HR, BP, processing/reaction time

Question 4

3 categories of depressants

Answer 4

alcohol
barbiturates
benzodiazepines

Question 5

moat popular depressant is

Answer 5

alcohol

Question 6

depressants vasodilate at

Answer 6

low

Question 7

depressants vasoconstrict at

Answer 7

high

Question 8

alcohol

Answer 8

decreased inhibitions and cognitive control
lack of coordination, slurring of speech

Question 9

barbiturates

Answer 9

to induce sleep and reduce anxiety
depress cns
anesthesia and anticonvulsants

Question 10

benzodiazepines

Answer 10

sleep aids, anti-convulsants/anxeity
enhance brain’s response to GABA
zelam/zolam

Question 11

stimulants

Answer 11

drugs that excite cns
increase hr/bp, alertness
caffeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, nicotine

Question 12

the effect of stimulants is

Answer 12

increased glucose metabolism in brain

Question 13

hallucinogens/psychedelics

Answer 13

distorted perceptions/hallucinations. seeing or hearing things different from what they truly are
mescaline, psilocybin, peyote

Question 14

Opioids/opiates

Answer 14

opiates - natural
opioids - synthetic
decreased ins, hr, bp
sleep and relaxation
analgesic (reduce perception of pain)
overdose leads to respiratory failure

Question 15

alcohol is absorbed through

Answer 15

cell membrane

Question 16

what depressant used with alcohol will lead to death?

Answer 16

barbiturates

Question 17

short-acting benzodiazepines to treat

Answer 17

insomnia

Question 18

long-acting benzodiazepines to treat

Answer 18

anxiety

Question 19

opiates act on

Answer 19

endorphin receptors

Question 20

depressants act on

Answer 20

GABA receptors

Question 21

caffeine works by

Answer 21

inhibiting adenosine receptors

Question 22

this drug causes the brain to release dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin depleting the brain’s supply

Answer 22

cocaine

Question 23

amphetamine works by

Answer 23

blocking the reuptake of dopamine stimulating an increase in release of dopamine from presynaptic membrane

Question 24

homeostasis

Answer 24

state in which the body maintains temperature, heartbeat, metabolism, etc

Question 25

routes of drug entry

Answer 25

oral injection inhalation

Question 26

what is the slowest route of drug consumption?

Answer 26

oral since it goes through GI tract

Question 27

what is the fastest route for drug consumption?

Answer 27

injection

Question 28

when drug like a nicotine patch is absorbed through the skin. this is called

Answer 28

transdermal

Question 29

drugs gotten through needle stuck in muscle

Answer 29

intramuscular

Question 30

where in the brain is dopamine produced?

Answer 30

mid brain - ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 31

mesolimbic pathway

Answer 31

NAcc, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 32

which substance is responsible for feelings of satisfaction ?

Answer 32

serotonin

Question 34

tolerance

Answer 34

you get used to a drug so much that you need more to achieve the same effect

Question 35

cross-tolerance

Answer 35

reduction in efficacy or responsiveness to a novel drug due to a common cns target

Question 36

intoxication

Answer 36

when drug enters a body and exerts effect. behavioral and psychological effects on person (drug-specific)

Question 37

withdrawal

Answer 37

exits after a period of use

Question 38

acute withdrawal

Answer 38

few weeks, physical symptoms, differs from person to person

Question 39

post-acute withdrawal

Answer 39

fewer physical symptoms, more psychological/emotional, same for everyone