Drug dependence Flashcards

1
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

drugs that can alter our consciousness and perceptions

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2
Q

what are the 4 main categories of psychoactive drugs

A

depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
opioids

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3
Q

depressants

A

drugs that lower body’s basic functions and neural activity. decrease HR, BP, processing/reaction time

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4
Q

3 categories of depressants

A

alcohol
barbiturates
benzodiazepines

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5
Q

moat popular depressant is

A

alcohol

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6
Q

depressants vasodilate at

A

low

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7
Q

depressants vasoconstrict at

A

high

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8
Q

alcohol

A

decreased inhibitions and cognitive control
lack of coordination, slurring of speech

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9
Q

barbiturates

A

to induce sleep and reduce anxiety
depress cns
anesthesia and anticonvulsants

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10
Q

benzodiazepines

A

sleep aids, anti-convulsants/anxeity
enhance brain’s response to GABA
zelam/zolam

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11
Q

stimulants

A

drugs that excite cns
increase hr/bp, alertness
caffeine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, nicotine

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12
Q

the effect of stimulants is

A

increased glucose metabolism in brain

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13
Q

hallucinogens/psychedelics

A

distorted perceptions/hallucinations. seeing or hearing things different from what they truly are
mescaline, psilocybin, peyote

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14
Q

Opioids/opiates

A

opiates - natural
opioids - synthetic
decreased ins, hr, bp
sleep and relaxation
analgesic (reduce perception of pain)
overdose leads to respiratory failure

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15
Q

alcohol is absorbed through

A

cell membrane

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16
Q

what depressant used with alcohol will lead to death?

A

barbiturates

17
Q

short-acting benzodiazepines to treat

A

insomnia

18
Q

long-acting benzodiazepines to treat

A

anxiety

19
Q

opiates act on

A

endorphin receptors

20
Q

depressants act on

A

GABA receptors

21
Q

caffeine works by

A

inhibiting adenosine receptors

22
Q

this drug causes the brain to release dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin depleting the brain’s supply

A

cocaine

23
Q

amphetamine works by

A

blocking the reuptake of dopamine stimulating an increase in release of dopamine from presynaptic membrane

24
Q

homeostasis

A

state in which the body maintains temperature, heartbeat, metabolism, etc

25
Q

routes of drug entry

A

oral
injection
inhalation

26
Q

what is the slowest route of drug consumption?

A

oral since it goes through GI tract

27
Q

what is the fastest route for drug consumption?

A

injection

28
Q

when drug like a nicotine patch is absorbed through the skin. this is called

A

transdermal

29
Q

drugs gotten through needle stuck in muscle

A

intramuscular

30
Q

where in the brain is dopamine produced?

A

mid brain - ventral tegmental area (VTA)

31
Q

mesolimbic pathway

A

NAcc, amygdala, hippocampus

32
Q

which substance is responsible for feelings of satisfaction ?

A

serotonin

33
Q
A
34
Q

tolerance

A

you get used to a drug so much that you need more to achieve the same effect

35
Q

cross-tolerance

A

reduction in efficacy or responsiveness to a novel drug due to a common cns target

36
Q

intoxication

A

when drug enters a body and exerts effect. behavioral and psychological effects on person (drug-specific)

37
Q

withdrawal

A

exits after a period of use

38
Q

acute withdrawal

A

few weeks, physical symptoms, differs from person to person

39
Q

post-acute withdrawal

A

fewer physical symptoms, more psychological/emotional, same for everyone