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Pharmacology - Drug Classes > Drug Classifications P3 > Flashcards

Drug Classifications P3 Flashcards

1
Q

Desired Effect of Erectile Dysfunction Agents

A

Facilitate an erection

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2
Q

Examples of ED Agents

A

1) sildenafil (ex. Viagra)

2) tadalafil (ex. Cialis)

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3
Q

Indications for Use of ED Agents

A

Facilitates an erection in patients with erectile dysfunction (impotence) and symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (enlarged prostate)

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4
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of ED Agents

A
  • headache
  • flushing
  • nasal congestion
  • myalgia
  • prolonged erections
  • vision and hearing problems
  • cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
  • myocardial infarction (MI)
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5
Q

Desired Effect of Expectorants

A

Liquefy secretions in the bronchial tubes so that they can be coughed out

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6
Q

Examples of Expectorants

A

1) dextromethorphan (ex. Benylin)

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7
Q

Indications for Use of Expectorants

A

Relieve upper respiratory tract congestion

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8
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Expectorants

A
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • abdominal pain
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9
Q

Desired Effect of Hematopoietic Agents

A

Promote red blood cell production

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10
Q

Examples of Hematopoietic Agents

A

1) epoetin alfa (ex. Epogen, Procrit)

2) pegfilgrastim (ex. Neulasta)

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11
Q

Primary Use of Hematopoietic Agents

A

Treat anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy

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12
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Hematopoietic Agents

A
  • headache
  • arthralgia
  • nausea
  • hypertension
  • diarrhea
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13
Q

Desired Effects of Hemostatic Agents

A

1) Control bleeding

2) Act as a blood coagulant

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14
Q

Examples of Hemostatic Agents

A

1) phytonadione, vitamin K

2) absorbable hemostatic agents (ex. Gelfoam, Surgicel) are applied directly to a wound

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15
Q

Indications for Use of Hemostatic Agents

A

1) Control acute or chronic blood-clotting disorder

2) Promote formation of absorbable, artificial clot

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16
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Hemostatic Agents

A
  • hypersensitivity reactions
  • transient flushing
  • dizziness
  • newborn hyperbilirubinemia
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17
Q

Desired Effects of Hormone Replacement Agents

A

Replace hormones or compensate for hormone deficiency

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18
Q

Examples of Hormone Replacement Agents

A

1) insulin (ex. Levemir, NovoLog, Lantus Solostar, Humalog)
2) levothyroxine sodium (ex. Synthroid or Levoxyl)
3) estrogen (ex. Premarin)
4) vasopressin (ex. Pitressin)

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19
Q

Indications for Use of Hormone Replacement Agents

A

Maintain adequate hormone levels

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20
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Hormone Replacement Agents

A
  • Estrogen Replacement therapy:
  • hot flashes
  • nausea
  • decreased sex drive
  • vomiting
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21
Q

Desired Effects of Hypnotics (Sedatives)

A

1) Induce sleep

2) Lessen the activity of the brain

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22
Q

Examples of Hypnotics

A

1) zolpidem tartrate (ex. Ambien)
2) eszopiclone (ex. Lunesta)
3) secobarbital (ex. Seconal)
4) flurazepam (ex. Dalmane)
5) temazepam (ex. Restoril)
6) barbiturates

23
Q

Indications for Use of Hypnotics

A

1) Treat insomnia

2) Obtain sedation (lower doses)

24
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Hypnotics

A
  • daytime sedation
  • confusion
  • dry mouth
  • vertigo
25
Q

Desired Effects of Lipid-Lowering Agents

A

Reduce blood cholesterol levels and/or increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level

26
Q

Examples of Lipid-Lowering Agents

A

1) atorvastatin calcium (ex. Lipitor)
2) simvastatin (ex. Zocor)
3) ezetimibe (ex. Vytorin or Zetia)
4) rosuvastatin (ex. Crestor)
5) fenofibrate (ex. Tricor)

27
Q

Indications for Use of Lipid-Lowering Agents

A

1) Reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and triglycerides
2) Increase HDL

28
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Lipid-Lowering Agents

A
  • GI discomfort
  • muscle pain and weakness
  • liver complications
  • hypersensitivity
  • cataracts
  • myopathy
29
Q

Desired Effect of Miotics

A

Cause the pupil to contract

30
Q

Examples of Miotics

A

1) carbachol (ex. Isopto Carbachol)

2) pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)

31
Q

Indications for Use of Miotics

A

Counteract pupil dilation

32
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Miotics

A
  • corneal edema
  • clouding
  • stinging
  • tearing
  • headache
33
Q

Desired Effect of Monoclonal Antibodies

A

A class of highly specific antibodies that are produced in a laboratory and used to treat cancer and conditions that cause extreme inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis

34
Q

Examples of Monoclonal Antibodies

A

1) adalimumab (ex. Humira)
2) ustekinumab (ex. Stelara)
3) etanercept (ex. Enbrel)
4) trastuzumab (ex. Herceptin)
5) imatinib (ex. Gleevec)
6) fingolimod hydrochloride (ex. Gilenya)
7) infliximab (ex. Remicade)
8) rituximab (ex. Rituxan)
9) pemetrexed (ex. Alimta)
10) glatiramer (ex. Copaxone)
11) bevacizumab (ex. Avastin)

35
Q

Indications for Use of Monoclonal Antibodies

A

1) Cancer treatment

2) Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis

36
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Monoclonal Antibodies

A
  • injection site Reactions
  • headache
  • rash
  • sinusitis
  • hypersensitivity
  • neurologic complications
  • respiratory infections
37
Q

Desired Effect of Mydriatic Agents (Anticholinergic)

A

Dilate the pupil

38
Q

Example of Mydriatic Agents

A

1) atropine sulfate (ex. Isopto Atropine)

39
Q

Indications for Use of Mydriatic Agents

A

Ophthalmologic examinations

40
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Mydriatic Agents

A
  • stinging
  • burning
  • photosensitivity
41
Q

Desired Effects of Narcotics

A

Depress the CNS, causing insensibility or stupor

42
Q

Examples of Natural Narcotics

A

1) opium group (ex. codeine phosphate, morphine sulfate)
2) buprenorphine and naloxone (ex. Suboxone)
3) oxycodone (ex. OxyContin)

43
Q

Examples of Synthetic Narcotics

A

1) meperidine (ex. Demerol)

2) methadone (ex. Dolophine)

44
Q

Indications for Use of Narcotics

A

Relieve pain

45
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Narcotics

A
  • suppression of vital signs
  • agitation
  • blurred vision
  • confusion
  • constipation
  • oversedation
  • restlessness
46
Q

Desired Effects of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

A

Reduce blood glucose level by:

  • increasing insulin production and/or reducing target cell resistance to insulin

OR by

  • delaying glucose absorption
47
Q

Examples of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

A

1) liraglutide (ex. Victoza 3-Pak)
2) rosiglitazone (ex. Avandia)
3) sitagliptin (ex. Januvia)
4) metformin HCl (ex. Glucophage)
5) acarbose (ex. Precose)
6) chlorpropamide (ex. Diabinese)
7) glimepiride (ex. Amaryl)
8) glipizide (ex. Glucotrol)
9) glyburide (ex. Micronase)

48
Q

Indications for Use of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

A

Manage diabetes mellitus type 2

49
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

A
  • GI irritation
  • fatigue
  • hypoglycemia
  • vertigo
  • possible hypersensitivity reactions
50
Q

Desired Effects of Osteoporosis Agents

A

Inhibit bone reabsorption and/or promote use of calcium

51
Q

Examples of Osteoporosis Agents

A

1) alendronate (ex. Fosamax)
2) risedronate (ex. Actonel)
3) calcitonin (ex. Miacalcin nasal spray and Calcimar)
4) ibandronate (ex. Boniva)
5) raloxifene hydrochloride (ex. Evista)
6) zoledronic acid (ex. Reclast, Zometa)

52
Q

Indications for Use of Osteoporosis Agents

A

Promote bone mineral density and reverse progression of osteoporosis

53
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Osteoporosis Agents

A
  • GI disorders

- esophageal irritation

54
Q

Desired Effects of Respiratory Corticosteroid Agents

A

Reduce airway inflammation and bronchial resistance

Pharmacology - Drug Classes (3 decks)

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