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Pharmacology - Drug Classes > Drug Classifications P2 > Flashcards

Drug Classifications P2 Flashcards

1
Q

Desired Effect of Antiinflammatory Agents

A

Reduce inflammation

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2
Q

Examples of Antiinflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)

A

1) ibuprofen (ex. Advil, Motrin)
2) naproxen (ex. Naprosyn)
3) celecoxib (ex. Celebrex)
4) indomethacin (ex. Indocin)

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3
Q

Examples of Antiinflammatory Agents (SAIDs)

A

1) dexamethasone (ex. Decadron)
2) prednisone (ex. Cortisone)
3) methylprednisolone (ex. Medrol, Depo-Medrol)
4) montelukast sodium (ex. Singulair)
5) fluticasone propionate (ex. Flonase)
6) mometasone (ex. Nasonex)

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4
Q

Examples of Antiinflammatory Agents (Inhalers)

A

1) flunisolide (ex. AeroBid)

2) triamcinolone (ex. Azmacort)

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5
Q

Indications for Use of Antiinflammatory Agents

A

Treat arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, including asthma and allergic rhinitis

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6
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antiinflammatory Agents

A
  • GI upset
  • GI bleeding
  • hepatitis
  • drowsiness
  • tinnitus
  • irregular heart rate
  • kidney disorders
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7
Q

Desired Effect of Antimigraine Agents

A

Alter circulation to the brain

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8
Q

Examples of Antimigraine Agents

A

1) topiramate (ex. Topamax)
2) sumatriptan (ex. Imitrex)
3) zolmitriptan (ex. Zomig)

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9
Q

Indications for Use of Antimigraine Agents

A

Treatment or prevention of migraine headaches

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10
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antimigraine Agents

A
  • confusion
  • psychomotor slowing
  • difficulty concentrating
  • memory problems
  • rare but serious cardiac events
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11
Q

Desired Effects of Antineoplastics

A

Inhibit development of and destroy cancerous cells

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12
Q

Examples of Antineoplastics

A

1) hydroxyurea (ex. Hydrea)
2) cyclophosphamide (ex. Cytoxan)
3) chlorambucil (ex. Leukeran)
4) raloxifene (ex. Evista)

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13
Q

Indications for Use of Antineoplastics

A

Cancer chemotherapy and/or prevention

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14
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antineoplastics

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • bone marrow depression
  • aplastic anemia
  • hair loss
  • GI ulcers
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15
Q

Desired Effect of Antipsychotics

A

Alter chemical actions in the brain

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16
Q

Examples of Antipsychotics

A

1) quetiapine (ex. Seroquel)
2) risperidone (ex. Risperdal)
3) aripiprazole (ex. Abilify)
4) olanzapine (ex. Zyprexa)
5) chlorpromazine (ex. Thorazine)
6) haloperidol (ex. Haldol)

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17
Q

Indications for Use of Antipsychotics

A

Treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

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18
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antipsychotics

A
  • GI distress
  • hypotension
  • electrocardiographic (ECG) changes
  • vertigo
  • sedation
  • headache
  • photosensitivity
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19
Q

Desired Effect of Antipruritics

A

Relieve itching

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20
Q

Examples of Antipruritics

A

1) calamine lotion
2) hydrocortisone ointment
3) diphenhydramine (ex. Benadryl)

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21
Q

Indications for Use of Antipruritics

A

Treat allergies or topical exposures that cause itching

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22
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antipruritics

A
  • Topical agents have no side effects *
  • Benadryl can cause:
  • vertigo
  • sedation
  • nervousness
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23
Q

Desired Effect of Antipyretics

A

Lower body temperature

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24
Q

Examples of Antipyretics

A

1) aspirin
2) acetaminophen
3) ibuprofen

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25
Q

Indications for Use of Antipyretics

A

Reduce fever

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26
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antipyretics

A
  • GI disturbance
  • liver disease
  • with aspirin, possibility of Reye’s syndrome if given during or after a viral disease *
27
Q

Desired Effects of Antispasmodics

A

Relieve or prevent spasms from musculoskeletal injury or inflammation

28
Q

Examples of Antispasmodics

A

1) methocarbamol (ex. Robaxin)
2) carisoprodol (ex. Soma)
3) cyclobenzaprine (ex. Flexeril)

29
Q

Indications for Use of Antispasmodics

A

Treat sports injuries

30
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antispasmodics

A
  • CNS suppression
  • drowsiness
  • vertigo
31
Q

Desired Effect of Antitussives

A

Inhibit the cough center

32
Q

Examples of Antitussives (Narcotic)

A

1) codeine sulfate

33
Q

Examples of Antitussives (Nonnarcotic)

A
  • dextromethorphan (ex. Robitussin DM)
34
Q

Indications for Use of Antitussives

A

1) Temporarily suppress a nonproductive cough

2) Reduce the thickness of secretions

35
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antitussives

A
  • Codeine cough suppressants cause:
  • CNS depression
  • constipation
36
Q

Desired Effects of Antiviral Agents

A

Inhibit the growth or reduce the spread of viral cells

37
Q

Examples of Antiviral Agents

A

1) interferon beta-1a (ex. Avonex)
2) sofosbuvir (ex. Sovaldi)
3) dimethyl fumarate (ex. Tecfidera)
4) acyclovir (ex. Zovirax)
5) interferon
6) valacyclovir (ex. Valtrex)
7) oseltamivir (ex. Tamiflu)
8) famciclovir (ex. Famvir)

38
Q

Examples of Antiviral Agents (HIV medications)

A

1) efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir (Atripla)
2) emtricitabine and tenofovir (Truvada)
3) darunavir (Prezista)

39
Q

Indications for Use of Antiviral Agents

A

Treat viral infections, including oral and genital herpes, influenza, and HIV

40
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antiviral Agents

A
  • confusion
  • diarrhea
  • headache
  • kidney disease
  • urticaria (hives)
  • vomiting
41
Q

Desired Effect of Bronchodilators

A

Relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi

42
Q

Examples of Bronchodilators

A

1) theophylline (ex. Theo-Dur)
2) epinephrine (ex. Adrenalin)
3) albuterol (ex. Ventolin HFA, Proventil, ProAir HFA)
4) budesonide and formoterol (ex. Symbicort)
5) isoproterenol (ex. Isuprel)

43
Q

Indications for Use of Bronchodilators

A

1) Treat asthma, bronchospasm

2) Promote bronchodilation

44
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Bronchodilators

A
  • CNS stimulation
  • tremors
  • tachycardia
  • increased blood glucose level
  • elevated BP
45
Q

Desired Effect of Cathartics (Laxatives)

A

Increase peristaltic activity of the large intestine

46
Q

Examples of Cathartics

A

1) magnesium hydroxide (ex. Milk of Magnesia)
2) bisacodyl (ex. Dulcolax)
3) casanthranol (ex. Peri-Colace)

47
Q

Indications for Use of Cathartics

A

Increase and hasten bowel evacuation (defecation)

48
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Cathartics

A
  • nausea
  • bloating
  • flatulence
  • cramping
49
Q

Desired Effects of Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulants

A

Affect chemicals in the brain that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control

50
Q

Examples of CNS Stimulants

A

1) methylphenidate (ex. Concerta, Ritalin)
2) modafinil (ex. Provigil)
3) lisdexamfetamine (ex. Vyvanse)

51
Q

Indications for Use of CNS Stimulants

A

Treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

52
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of CNS Stimulants

A
  • irregular heartbeat
  • rash
  • sore throat
  • aggression
  • hypertension
  • numbness
  • fainting
53
Q

Desired Effect of Contraceptives

A

Inhibit conception

54
Q

Examples of Contraceptives

A

1) medroxyprogesterone acetate (ex. Depo-Provera)
2) Ortho Evra
3) etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol (ex. NuvaRing)

55
Q

Indications for Use of Contraceptives

A

Prevent pregnancy

56
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Contraceptives

A
  • breast enlargement and tenderness
  • cardiovascular risk
  • GI upset
  • headache
  • irregular menstrual bleeding
  • deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
  • pulmonary embolism (PE)
57
Q

Desired Effect of Decongestants

A

Relieve local congestion in the tissues

58
Q

Examples of Decongestants

A

1) ephedrine or phenylephrine (ex. Neo-Synephrine)
2) pseudoephedrine (ex. Sudafed)
3) oxymetazoline (ex. Afrin)
4) mometasone (ex. Nasonex)

59
Q

Indications for Use of Decongestants

A

Relieve nasal and sinus congestion caused by common cold, hay fever, or upper respiratory tract disorders

60
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Decongestants

A
  • arrhythmias
  • hypertension
  • headache
  • nausea
  • dry mouth
61
Q

Desired Effects of Diuretics

A

1) Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
2) Promote excretion of excess fluid in the body

62
Q

Examples of Diuretics

A

1) hydrochlorothiazide (ex. Dyazide, Esidrix, HydroDiuril)
2) furosemide (ex. Lasix)
3) triamterene (ex. Dyrenium)

63
Q

Indications for Use of Diuretics

A

1) Increase urinary output

2) Lower blood pressure

64
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Diuretics

A
  • dehydration
  • muscle weakness
  • fatigue
  • gout
  • hyperglycemia

Pharmacology - Drug Classes (3 decks)

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