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Pharmacology - Drug Classes > Drug Classifications P1 > Flashcards

Drug Classifications P1 Flashcards

1
Q

Desired Effects of Adrenergics

A

1) vasoconstriction (narrowing of lumen of blood vessels)
2) dilation of pupils and bronchioles
3) relaxation of GI and urinary tract muscles

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2
Q

Examples of Adrenergics that treat hypotension

A

1) isoproterenol (ex. Isuprel)

2) norepinephrine (ex. Levophed)

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3
Q

Examples of Adrenergics for decongestion

A

1) naphazoline (ex. Naphcon)
2) phenylephrine (ex. Neo-Synephrine)
3) pseudoephedrine (ex. Sudafed)
4) tetrahydrozoline (ex. Visine)

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4
Q

Indications for Use of Adrenergics

A

1) Stop superficial bleeding
2) Raise and sustain blood pressure
3) Relieve nasal congestion
4) Relieve redness, burning, irritation, and dryness of the eyes

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4
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Adrenergics

A
  • chest pain
  • tachycardia
  • headache
  • increased blood glucose levels
  • nervousness
  • tremors
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5
Q

Desired Effects of Adrenergic Blockers

A

1) Cause vasodilation
2) Reduce blood pressure
3) Increase muscle tone of GI walls

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6
Q

Examples of Adrenergic Blockers

A

1) valsartan (ex. Diovan)
2) propanolol (ex. Inderal)
3) atenolol (ex. Tenormin)
4) carvedilol (ex. Coreg)
5) tamsulosin (ex. Flomax)
6) metoprolol (ex. Lopressor)

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7
Q

Indications for Use of Adrenergic Blockers

A

1) Control hypertension and peripheral vascular disease

2) Treat prostatic hyperplasia

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8
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Adrenergic Blockers

A
  • Confusion
  • Lowering of BP
  • Lowering of blood glucose
  • Fatigue
  • Reduced heart rate
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9
Q

Desired Effects of Analgesics

A

1) Reduce the sensory function of the brain

2) Block pain receptors

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10
Q

Examples of Analgesics (Nonnarcotic OTCs)

A

1) aspirin
2) acetaminophen (ex. Tylenol)
3) ibuprofen (ex. Advil, Motrin)

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11
Q

Examples of Analgesics (Narcotics)

A

1) hydrocodone w/ APAP (ex. Tylenol with codeine)
2) oxycodone (ex. OxyContin)
3) meperidine (ex. Demerol)
4) hydrocodone (ex. Vicodin)

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12
Q

Indications for Use of Analgesics

A

Relieve pain

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13
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Analgesics

A

Nonnarcotic:

  • GI disorders
  • liver and kidney disorders
  • tinnitus

Narcotic:

  • suppression of vital signs
  • agitation
  • blurred vision
  • confusion
  • constipation
  • oversedation
  • restlessness
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14
Q

Desired Effects of Anesthetics

A

1) Produce insensibility to pain or the sensation of pain
2) Block nerve impulses to the brain, resulting in unconsciousness
3) Dilate pupils
4) Lower blood pressure
5) Reduce respiratory and pulse rates

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15
Q

Examples of Local Anesthetics

A

1) benzocaine (ex. Dermoplast, Solarcaine)
2) lidocaine (ex. Xylocaine)
3) bupivacaine (ex. Marcaine)
4) lidocaine topical (ex. Lidoderm)
5) procaine (ex. Novocain)

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16
Q

Examples of General Anesthetics

A

1) midazolam (ex. Versed)

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17
Q

Indications for use of Anesthetics

A

Produce local anesthesia (absence of sensation without loss of consciousness) or general anesthesia (loss of consciousness)

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18
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Anesthetics

A
  • hypotension
  • cardiopulmonary depression
  • sedation
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • headaches
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19
Q

Desired Effect of Antacids/Proton-Pump Inhibitors

A

Reduce acidity in the stomach

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20
Q

Examples of Antacids

A

1) omeprazole (ex. Prilosec)
2) esomeprazole (ex. Nexium)
3) rabeprazole (ex. Aciphex)
4) lansoprazole (ex. Prevacid)
5) pantoprazole (Protonix)

OTCs:
1) magaldrate (ex. Riopan)

2) calcium carbonate (ex. Maalox)

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21
Q

Indications for Use of Antacids

A

1) Treat gastric hyperacidity

2) Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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22
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Antacids

A
  • constipation
  • diarrhea
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • flatulence
  • kidney stones
  • osteoporosis
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23
Q

Desired Effects of Antianxiety Agents

A

Reduce anxiety and tension

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24
Q

Examples of Antianxiety Agents

A

1) chlordiazepoxide (ex. Librium)
2) clonazepam (ex. Klonopin)
3) chlorazepate (ex. Tranxene)
4) diazepam (ex. Valium)
5) alprazolam (ex. Xanax)
6) temazepam (ex. Restoril)
7) triazolam (ex. Halcion)

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25
Q

Indications for Use of Antianxiety Agents

A

1) Produce calmness and release muscle tension

2) Sedation

26
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antianxiety Agents

A
  • agitation
  • amnesia
  • bizarre behaviors
  • confusion
  • reduced WBC count
  • depression
  • drowsiness
  • lethargy
  • oversedation
  • tremors
  • photosensitivity
27
Q

Desired Effects of Antibiotics

A

Kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms

28
Q

Examples of Antibiotics

A

1) azithromycin (ex. Zithromax)
2) levofloxacin (ex. Levaquin)
3) cefaclor (ex. Ceclor)
4) tetracycline (ex. Sumycin)
5) amoxicillin (ex. Amoxil)
6) amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (ex. Augmentin)
7) cefadroxil (ex. Duricef)
8) ciprofloxacin (ex. Cipro)
9) cephalexin (ex. Keflex)
10) doxycycline (ex. Vibramycin)

29
Q

Indications for Use of Antibiotics

A

Treat bacterial invasions and infections

30
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antibiotics

A
  • hypersensitivity reaction
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • GI distress
  • light sensitivity
  • urticaria
31
Q

Desired Effects of Anticholinergics

A

1) Parasympathetic blocking agents

2) Reduce spasms in smooth muscles

32
Q

Examples of Anticholinergics

A

1) scopolamine or atropine sulfate
2) tiotropium inhalation (ex. Spiriva)
3) dicyclomine (ex. Bentyl)
4) ipratropium (ex. Atrovent)

33
Q

Indications for Use of Anticholinergics

A

1) Dry secretions before surgery

2) Prevent bronchospasm

34
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Anticholinergics

A
  • blurred vision
  • confusion
  • reduced GI and genitourinary motility
  • dilation of pupils
  • fever
  • flushing
  • headache
  • increased heart rate
35
Q

Desired Effects of Anticoagulants

A

Delay or block clotting of blood

36
Q

Examples of Anticoagulants

A

1) rivaroxaban (ex. Xarelto)
2) heparin
3) enoxaparin sodium (ex. Lovenox)
4) warfarin sodium (ex. Coumadin)
5) tinzaparin (ex. Innohep)

37
Q

Primary Uses of Anticoagulants

A

1) Treat blood clots, thrombophlebitis

2) Prevent clot formation

38
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Anticoagulants

A
  • increased bleeding
  • blood irregularities
  • GI/liver/kidney disease
39
Q

Desired Effects of Anticonvulsants

A

1) Prevent seizures

2) Reduce excessive stimulation of the brain

40
Q

Examples of Anticonvulsants

A

1) clonazepam (ex. Klonopin)
2) gabapentin (ex. Neurontin)
3) phenytoin (ex. Dilantin)
4) phenobarbital
5) carbamazepine (ex. Tegretol)
6) lamotrigine (ex. Lamictal)
7) pregabalin (ex. Lyrica)
8) topiramate (ex. Topamax)
9) valproic acid (ex. Depakene)

41
Q

Indications for Use of Anticonvulsants

A

Treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders (e.g. peripheral neuropathy)

42
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Anticonvulsants

A
  • sedation
  • vertigo
  • visual disturbances
  • GI disturbances
  • liver complications
43
Q

Desired Effect of Antidepressants

A

Treat depression

44
Q

Examples of Antidepressants

A

1) venlafaxine hydrochloride (ex. Effexor)
2) sertraline (ex. Zoloft)
3) escitalopram (ex. Lexapro)
4) duloxetine (ex. Cymbalta)
5) bupropion (ex. Wellbutrin)
6) trazodone HCl (ex. Desyrel)
7) fluoxetine (ex. Prozac)
8) imipramine pamoate (ex. Tofranil)
9) amitriptyline (ex. Elavil)
10) citalopram (ex. Celexa)

45
Q

Indications for Use of Antidepressants

A

1) Elevate mood

2) Treat other neurologic disorders (e.g. migraines)

46
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antidepressants

A
  • anorexia
  • anxiety
  • sexual dysfunction
  • fatigue
  • drowsiness
  • vertigo
  • weight gain
  • confusion
  • blurred vision
47
Q

Desired Effect of Antiemetics

A

Act on hypothalamic center in the brain to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting

48
Q

Examples of Antiemetics

A

1) prochlorperazine (ex. Compazine)
2) trimethobenzamide (ex. Tigan)
3) metoclopramide (ex. Reglan)
4) granisetron (ex. Kytril)
5) ondansetron (ex. Zofran)

6 promethazine (ex. Phenergan)

49
Q

Indications for Use of Antiemetics

A

1) Prevent and relieve nausea and vomiting

2) Manage motion sickness

50
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antiemetics

A
  • dry mouth
  • sedation
  • drowsiness
  • diarrhea
  • blurred vision
51
Q

Desired Effects of Antifungals

A

Slow or retard multiplication of fungi

52
Q

Examples of Antifungals

A

1) miconazole (ex. Monistat)
2) nystatin (ex. Mycostatin)
3) fluconazole (ex. Diflucan)
4) ketoconazole (ex. Nizoral)
5) terbinafine (ex. Lamisil)

53
Q

Indications for Use of Antifungals

A

Treat systemic or local fungal infections

54
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antifungals

A
  • anemia
  • chills
  • hypotension
  • vertigo
  • fever
  • kidney and liver damage
  • malaise
  • photophobia
  • muscle and joint pain
55
Q

Desired Effects of Antihistamines

A

1) Counteract the effects of histamine by blocking action in tissues
2) May be used to inhibit gastric secretions

56
Q

Examples of Antihistamines

A

1) cetirizine (ex. Zyrtec)
2) fexofenadine (ex. Allegra)
3) loratadine (ex. Claritin, Alavert)
4) chlorpheniramine (ex. Chlor-Trimeton)
5) diphenhydramine (ex. Benadryl)
6) promethazine (ex. Phenergan)
7) cimetidine (ex. Tagamet)
8) ranitidine (ex. Zantac)

57
Q

Indications for Use of Antihistamines

A

1) Relieve allergies

2) Prevent gastric ulcers

58
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antihistamines

A
  • CNS depression
  • muscle weakness
  • epigastric distress
  • dry mouth
59
Q

Desired Effects of Antihypertensive Agents

A

1) Block nerve impulses that cause arteries to constrict
2) Slow the heart rate, reducing its contractility
3) Restrict the hormone aldosterone in the blood

60
Q

Examples of Antihypertensive Agents

A

1) amlodipine (ex. Norvasc)
2) atenolol (ex. Tenormin)
3) doxazosin mesylate (ex. Cardura)
4) metoprolol (ex. Lopressor or Toprol)
5) methyldopa (ex. Aldomet)
6) valsartan (ex. Diovan)
7) amlodipine plus benazepril (ex. Lotrel)
8) propranolol (ex. Inderal)
9) diltiazem (ex. Cardizem)
10) nifedipine (ex. Procardia)
11) benazepril (ex. Lotensin)
12) lisinopril (ex. Prinivil, Zestril)
13) losartan (ex. Cozaar)

61
Q

Indications for Use of Antihypertensive Agents

A

Reduce and control blood pressure

62
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antihypertensive Agents

A
  • headache
  • vertigo
  • GI disturbances
  • rash
  • hypotension
  • nonproductive cough

Pharmacology - Drug Classes (3 decks)

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