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Drug Cards (LO3) Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

  • Generic name
  • Trade name
  • Classification
A

Generic name:
-Acetaminophen

Trade name:
-Tylenol®

Classification
-Analgesic, antipyretic

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2
Q

Acetaminophen

-Mechanism of action

A

MOA
-Antipyretic action by acting on heat regulating centers in the hypothalamus causing increased heat loss through vasodilation and sweating

-Analgesic action by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system

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3
Q

Acetaminophen

  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A

Indications

  • Pyrexic child
  • Severe sepsis
  • septic shock

Contraindications

  • hypersensitivity
  • Acetaminophen-induced liver disease
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4
Q

Acetaminophen

  • precautions
  • side effects
A

Precautions

  • hepatotoxicity
  • medications that induce hepatic enzymes
  • All acetaminophen containing products taken by patient need to be accounted for during 24-hour period including cough and cold remedies, analgesic or arthritis formulations and antipyretics

Side Effects

  • Nausea / vomiting
  • Cramping: overdoses in children
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5
Q

Acetaminophen

  • route
  • dose
  • pharmacokinetics
A

Route
-PO/PR

Dose

  • A: 325–650 mg p 4–6 hours, DNE 4000 mg/24 hrs
  • P: 10–15 mg/kg p 4–6 hours, DNE 5 doses in 24 hours

Pharmacokinetics

  • Onset: 48 minutes
  • Peak effects: 48 minutes
  • Duration: 4–6 hours
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6
Q

SKIP FOR NOW

Acetaminophen
-how supplied

A 
How Supplied
-Oral
Immediate release tablet (325 mg, 500 mg), 
caplet (325 mg, 500 mg), 
extended release caplet (650 mg), 
gel cap (500 mg), 
chewable tablet (80 mg, 160 mg), 
rapidly-dissolving tablet (80 mg, 160 mg),
 suspension (80 mg/mL, 32 mg/mL)
-
Rectal – 
Suppository (120 mg, 160 mg, 325 mg, 650 mg)
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7
Q

Activated Charcoal

  • Generic name
  • Trade name
  • Classification
A

Generic:
-Activated charcoal

Trade names:
- Liqui-Char®, Actidose®, Charcodote®

Classification
-Antidote

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8
Q

Activated Charcoal

-Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of Action

-Binds and adsorbs ingested toxins from the gastrointestinal tract

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9
Q

Activated Charcoal

  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A

Indications
-Oral poisoning or overdose

Contraindications

  • Caustic or corrosive substances
  • petroleum distillates
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10
Q

Activated Charcoal

  • precautions
  • side effects
A

Precautions

  • decreased LOC.
  • If ipecac has been administered, wait 10 minutes.

Side Effects

  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Constipation, cramping, bloating
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11
Q

Activated Charcoal

  • route
  • dose
  • pharmacokinetics
A

Route
-PO

Dose

  • 1 g/kg
  • In massive overdoses, may consider 2 g/kg for adults
  • *Requires Online Medical Control

Pharmacokinetics

  • Onset: Immediate
  • Peak effects: Varies
  • Duration: Varies based on gastrointestinal function, will act until excreted
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12
Q

SKIP FOR NOW

Activated Charcoal
-how supplied

A
  • Premixed with water or sorbitol
  • 25 g / 125 mL bottle (200 mg/mL)
  • 50 g / 250 mL bottle (200 mg/mL)
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13
Q

Amyl Nitrate

  • trade name
  • classification
A

Trade name:
-Amyl Nitrate®

Classification

  • Vasodilator
  • Antidote
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14
Q

Amyl Nitrate

-Mechanism of Action

A

-Binds with hemoglobin to help biodegrade cyanide

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15
Q

Amyl Nitrate

  • indications
  • contraindications
A

Indications
-Acute cyanide poisoning with impaired LOC

Contraindications
-no concrete proof of cyanide poisoning

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16
Q

Amyl Nitrate

  • precautions
  • side effects
A

Precautions
-Flammable

Side Effects
-Drowsiness

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17
Q

Amyl Nitrate

  • route
  • dose
  • pharmacokinetics
A

Route
-Inhalation

Dose

  • 0.2–0.3 mL inhaled for 15–30 sec with breaks for 15–30 sec.
  • New ampoule every 3 min until arrival at emergency department

Pharmacokinetics

  • Onset: Immediate
  • Peak effects: 3-5 minutes
  • Duration: 20 minutes
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18
Q

SKIP FOR NOW

Amyl Nitrate
-how supplied

A

0.2 mL or 0.3 mL glass ampoule

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19
Q

Amyl Nitrate

-Special Considerations

A

Only services that respond to industries where cyanide exposure can occur will stock drug.

Retraining and certification is required by a physician every 2 years.

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20
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

  • generic names
  • trade name
  • classification
A

Generic name:
-Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

Trade name:
-Aspirin®

Classification

  • Platelet inhibitor
  • anti-inflammatory
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21
Q 
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)
- mechanism of action
A

Reduces production of thromboxane which mediates platelet aggregation.

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22
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

  • indications
  • contraindications
A

Indications
-Chest pain, cardiac in origin

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to ASA or other NSAIDs
  • active peptic ulcers
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23
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

  • precautions
  • side effects
A

Precautions
-Asthma patient

Side Effects

  • Heartburn,
  • nausea/vomiting,
  • wheezing,
  • prolonged bleeding
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24
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

  • route
  • dose
  • pharmacokinetics
A

Route
-PO, chewed

Dose
-160–325 mg

Pharmacokinetics

  • Onset: Within 20 min
  • Peak effects: Varies
  • Duration: 2–3 hours
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25
SKIP FOR NOW ``` Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) -how supplied ```
81 mg and 325 mg tablets
26
``` Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) -special considerations ```
Administer regardless whether patient has taken their daily ASA dose
27
Glucose - trade name - classification
Trade name: - Dextrose 50% (D50W), - Dextrose 25% (D25W), - Dextrose 10% (D10W), - Dextrose 5% (D5W) Classification - Carbohydrate, - Antihypoglycemic agent
28
Glucose | - mechanism of action
Increases blood sugar levels rapidly
29
glucose - indications - contraindications
Indications Hypoglycemia Contraindications Hyperglycemia
30
glucose - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Intracranial pressure – may worsen cerebral edema Side Effects - Tissue necrosis - local venous irritation
31
glucose - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -IV Dose -Adult: 0.5 g/kg IV/IO max 10 g (if suspected head injury or stroke, give in 5-10g increments) -Pediatric: 2 mL/kg D10W IV/IO Pharmacokinetics - Onset: Less than 1 min - Peak effects: Varies - Duration: Varies
32
SKIP FOR NOW glucose -how supplied
-How Supplied 25 g in 50 mL prefilled syringe (D50W) 12.5 g in 25 mL prefilled syringe (D25W) 10 g/100 mL in 50 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL, 500 mL and 1000 mL IV bag (D10W) 5 g/100 mL in 50 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL, 500 mL and 1000 mL IV bag (D5W)
33
glucose | -special considerations
Always ensure that a blood glucose reading is obtained before administration. Since tissue necrosis can occur if IV is interstitial, you must aspirate blood to ensure IV is patent prior to medication administration.
34
Dimenhydrinate - generic name - trade name - classification
Generic name: -Dimenhydrinate Trade name: -Gravol®, Dramamine® Classification -Antiemetic (med for N/V)
35
Dimenhydrinate | -mechanism of action
Not precisely known, but evidence is that it acts to depress hyperstimulated labyrinthine functions or associated neural pathways. It is also thought to inhibit cholinergic stimulation in the vestibular and associated neural pathways.
36
Dimenhydrinate - indications - contraindications
Indications -Relief of nausea and vomiting Contraindications -Hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate or tartrazine.
37
Dimenhydrinate | -interactions
-Narcotics, sedatives or hypnotics, and alcohol – potentiates CNS depression
38
Dimenhydrinate | -side effects
Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision Dry mouth, dry nose and bronchi Tinnitus
39
Dimenhydrinate - route - dose
Route -IM, IV Dose IV -Adult: 50 mg over 2 minutes. -Peds: 1 mg/kg over 2 minutes, not to exceed 50 mg. - IM: Concentration 50 mg/1mL - Over 12 yrs: 50 mg q4 hrs. - 8–12 yrs: 25–50 mg q8 hrs. - 6–8 yrs: 12.5–25 mg q8 hrs.
40
Dimenhydrinate | -pharmacokinetics
Excreted in urine, crosses placenta Onset: Immediate (IV), 20–30 minutes (IM) Peak effects: Varies Duration: 3–6 hours
41
SKIP FOR NOW Dimenhydrinate - how supplied
50 mg/mL
42
Dimenhydrinate | -special considerations
-Should be used cautiously ) in patients with: glaucoma, (COPD), asthma, prostatic hypertrophy, are intoxicated, decreased (LOC). patients with a head injury as it may result in a decreased level of consciousness. C-spine immobilized on a back board, emesis may result in aspiration and obstruction of the airway.
43
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL - generic name - trade name - classification
Generic Name: -Epinephrine Trade name: -Adrenaline Classification -Sympathomimetic
44
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | -mechanism of action
Mechanism of action: Alpha and beta agonist - Alpha-1: Systemic vasoconstriction - Beta-1: Positive inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects - Beta-2: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
45
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL - indications - contraindications
Indications -Anaphylaxis, status asthmaticus, and croup Contraindications -Hypersensitivity
46
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Patients with cardiac history, pregnancy Side Effects -Tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias Headache, anxiety, nausea/ vomiting
47
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL -route -
IM, SQ, Nebulized
48
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | -dose adult anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis: -Mild / Moderate: 0.3 mg IM (of a 1 mg/mL concentration) q 5 minutes prn to a total maximum of 0.9 mg -Severe: 0.5 mg IM (of a 1 mg/mL concentration) q 5 minutes prn to a total maximum of 1.5 mg
49
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | -dose adult status asthmaticus
0.3 – 0.5 mg SC/IM (of 1 mg/mL concentration) q 5 – 10 minutes prn to a total of 1 mg
50
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | - dose Peds anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis -Mild / Moderate: 0.01 mg/kg (0.01 mL/kg of a 1 mg/mL concentration) IM to a single maximum dose of 0.3 mg q 5 minutes prn to a total maximum of 0.9 mg -Severe: 0.01 mg/kg (0.01 mL/kg of a 1 mg/mL concentration) IM to a single maximum dose of 0.5 mg q 5 minutes prn to a total maximum of 1.5 mg
51
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | - dose Peds status asthmaticus
0.01 mg/kg IM single minimum dose of 0.1 mg to a single maximum dose of 0.3 mg (of a 1 mg/mL concentration) q 5 minutes prn to a total maximum of 0.03 mg/kg
52
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | - dose Peds croup
0.5 mg/kg to a max of 5 mg diluted in 2-3 ml NaCl, repeat dose x 1 prior to Online Medical Control (OLMC)
53
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL | -pharmacokinetics
Onset: Immediate Peak effects: Varies Duration: 5–10 min
54
Epinephrine 1 mg/mL - how supplied - special considerations
1 mg/mL Can be deactivated by alkaline solutions
55
Glucagon - trade name - classification
Trade name: -Glucagon Classification - Hormone - anti-hypoglycemic agent
56
Glucagon | -mechanism of action
Increases blood glucose levels by causing breakdown of glycogen to glucose, increases heart rate and cardiac contractility
57
glucagon - indications - contraindications
Indications -LOC due to hypoglycemia where an IV cannot be established Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, - hyperglycemia
58
glucagon - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Hepatic or renal insufficiency Side Effects - Tachycardia, - nausea/vomiting, - hypertension
59
glucagon - route - dose - pharmokinetics
Route -SQ, IM Dose -12 years and older: 1 mg with repeat in 15 min as needed -Under 12 years: 0.1 mg/kg to a max of 1 mg with repeat in 15 min as needed Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 13-20 min - Peak effects: 30 min - Duration: 1–2 hours
60
glucagon - how supplied SKIP FOR NOW - special considerations
How Supplied -1 mg/mL (requires reconstitution) Special Considerations -Ineffective if glycogen stores are depleted
61
Ibuprofen - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Ibuprofen Trade name: -Motrin®, Advil® Classification -NSAID, Analgesic, Antipyretic
62
Ibuprofen | -MOA
- Anti-Inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system.  - Inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2
63
Ibuprofen - Indications - Contraindications
Indications -Mild to moderate pain, fever reduction Contraindications -Hypersensitivity
64
Ibuprofen - precautions - side effects
Precautions - Use caution with cardiovascular dysfunction, hypertension, peptic ulcers, GI bleeds, pregnancy, and impaired hepatic or renal function - When taken with lithium, may cause increase risk of lithium toxicity - If taken with a diuretic may cause diuretic to have a decreased effect - May cause a decreased antihypertensive effect of B-adrenergic blocking drugs
65
Ibuprofen | -side effects
GI upset, epigastric pain, heartburn, and abdominal pain
66
Ibuprofen - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -PO Dose -Adult: 200–400 mg every 4–6 hours, not to exceed 3200 mg/24 hours -Pediatric: 5–10 mg/kg every 6 hours, not to exceed 40 mg/kg in 24 hours Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 30 min - Peak effects: 1–2 hours - Duration: 4–6 hours
67
SKIP FOR NOW Ibuprofen - how supplied
-Oral – tablet (100 mg, 200 mg, 400mg, 600mg, 800mg), chewable tablets (50 mg, 100 mg), capsules (200 mg), Suspension (100 mg/2.5mL, 100 mg/5mL), oral drops (40 mg/mL)
68
Ipratropium Bromide - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Ipratropium Bromide Trade name: -Atrovent® Classification -Anticholinergic
69
Ipratropium Bromide | -MOA
-Bronchodilation, smooth muscle relaxation
70
Ipratropium Bromide - indications - contraindications
Indications - Bronchial asthma that has not responded to salbutamol - Severe bronchospasm - Bronchospasm associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Contraindications - Hypersensitivity - Administered within last 4 hours
71
Ipratropium Bromide - precautions - side effects
Precautions - Monitor vitals - Caution in elderly Side Effects - Dry mouth, metallic taste - Headache, dizziness - Anxiety, palpitations
72
Ipratropium Bromide - route - dose - pharmockinetics
Route -Inhalation via nebulizer Dose - 12 years and older: 250 mcg–500 mcg - 5 to 12 years: 125 mcg - 250 mcg Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 5–15 min - Peak effects: Varies - Duration: 4–6 hours
73
Ipratropium Bromide - how supplied SKIP FOR NOW - Special Considerations
How Supplied -250 mcg in 2 mL Special Considerations -Patients with glaucoma should wear goggles while administered
74
Ketorolac - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Ketorolac Trade name: -Toradol® Classification -Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
75
Ketorolac | -MOA
-Exhibits peripherally acting non-narcotic analgesia activity by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
76
Ketorolac - indications - contraindications
Indications  - Pain refractory to opioids - Renal colic Contraindications -Hypersensitivity to ketorolac or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents -Asthma -History of significant renal disease, except renal colic -Suspected intracranial bleed -History of GI bleeding -Subarachnoid hemorrhage (indicated by sudden onset/most severe ever headache/thunderclap) Pregnancy
77
Ketorolac - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Can cause peptic ulcers, should not use for abdominal or chest pain Side Effects -Headache, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, bloating
78
Ketorolac - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -IV or IM Dose - 30 mg IV/IM - 15 mg IV/IM If the patient is over 65 years of age Pharmacokinetics - Onset: approx. 30 minutes - Peak effects: 45–60 minutes - Duration: 4–6 hours
79
Ketorolac - How Supplied SKIP FOR NOW - special considerations
How Supplied -Vials or Ampules doses per vial or ampule can vary from 10, 15, 30 or 60 mg/mL Special Considerations -Patient should be placed on the cardiac monitor after administration.
80
Naloxone - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Naloxone Trade name: -Narcan® Classification Opioid Antagonist
81
Naloxone | -MOA
Reverses effects of narcotics by competing and displacing narcotic from opiate receptors in the brain
82
Naloxone - indications - contraindications
Indications  -Suspected narcotic overdose with respiratory depression Contraindications -Hypersensitivity
83
Naloxone - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Use with caution with narcotic-dependent patients and neonates of narcotic-addicted mothers Side Effects -Acute withdrawal symptoms
84
Naloxone - route - dose - pharmocokinetics
Route -IM, IV, IN Dose - Adult: 0.4–2 mg (titrate to effect) - Pediatric: 0.01 mg/kg–0.1 mg/kg to max of 2 mg (titrate to effect) Pharmacokinetics - Onset: Within 2 min - Peak effects: Varies - Duration: 45 min
85
Naloxone - how supplied SKIP FOR NOW - Special Considerations
How Supplied -0.02 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, and 2 mg/2 mL Special Considerations -Short acting, may need a repeat dose in 5 min
86
Nitroglycerin - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -nitroglycerin Trade name: -Nitrostat®, Nitrolingual® Classification -Vasodilator, antianginal
87
Nitroglycerin | -MOA
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation (increases blood flow and decreases preload)
88
Nitroglycerin - indications - contraindications
Indications -Suspected cardiac chest pain, pulmonary edema Contraindications - Systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg - Pulse less than 50/min - Viagra® (sildenafil), Levitra® (vardenafil), or Cialis® (tadalafil) within the last 24 hours
89
nitroglycerin - Precautions - side effects
Precautions -Continuously monitor vitals Side Effects -Syncope, dizziness, hypotension, headache,
90
nitroglycerin - route - dose - pharmocokinetics
Route -SL Dose -0.3–0.4 mg q 5 min to max of 3 Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 1–3 min - Peak effects: 5–10 min - Duration: 20–30 min
91
nitroglycerin - How Supplied SKIP FOR NOW - Special Considerations
How Supplied - Spray: 0.4 mg - Tablet: 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg Special Considerations -Keep out of heat and light 
92
Nitrous Oxide (N20) - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Nitrous Oxide (N20) Trade name: -Nitronox®, Entonox® Classification -Analgesic gas
93
``` Nitrous Oxide (N20) -MOA ```
Depresses the central nervous system and relieves pain
94
Nitrous Oxide (N20) - indications - contraindications
Indications -Musculoskeletal injuries, burns, active childbirth Contraindications - Abdominal pain indicative of a bowel obstruction - Pneumothorax - Head injury, impaired mental status, intoxication, decompression sickness, inability to follow commands - Severe Chronic Obstructive -Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
95
Nitrous Oxide (N20) - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Use in well-ventilated area Side Effects -Headache, nausea, vomiting
96
Nitrous Oxide (N20) - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -Inhalation Dose -Self-administered via demand valve Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 2–5 min - Peak effects: Varies - Duration: 2–5 min
97
Nitrous Oxide (N20) - How Supplied SKIP FOR NOW - Special Considerations
How Supplied -Cylinder containing 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen Special Considerations - May not work in low temperatures - Monitor SpO2
98
Ondansetron - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Ondansetron Trade name: - Zofran®, Zofran ODT®, Zuplenz® Classification -Antiemetic, selective 5-HT3 antagonist
99
Ondansetron | -MOA
- Not fully characterized; selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; binds to 5-HT3 receptors both in PNS and CNS with primary effect on GI tract. - It has no effect on dopamine receptors, therefore does not cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
100
Ondansetron - indications - contraindications
Indications - Nausea and vomiting (chemotherapy, postoperative, and radiation) - Nausea and vomiting NOT cause by vertigo, motion sickness or inner ear disturbances - Hyperemesis Contraindications - Hypersensitivity - Co-administration with apomorphine has been reported to cause profound hypotension and loss of consciousness
101
Ondansetron - cautions - side effects
Cautions -Reduce dose with severe hepatic impairment Side Effects - Gastrointestinal: nausea and vomiting - Anaphylaxis - General: flushing, rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions, sometimes severe (e.g., anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, bronchospasm, cardiopulmonary arrest, hypotension, laryngeal edema, laryngospasm, shock, shortness of breath or stridor) - Local reactions: pain, redness, burning feeling at site - Lower respiratory: hiccups - Neurological: oculogyric crisis - Integumentary: Urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis - Ocular: transient blindness (mostly IV administration) reported to resolve within 48hrs - Musculoskeletal: arthralgia
102
Ondansetron - route - pharmacokinetics
Route -IM, IV, Orally Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 30 mins - Peak effects:  1–2 hours (IV) - Duration: 3–6 hours (IV)
103
Ondansetron | -dose
Adult <65: 4–8 mg IV/IM-IV push over 2–5 min, repeat q 8 hours (can be diluted in 10 mLs of NS or undiluted) Adult >65:4–8 mg- IV/IM-IV is mixed in 50 mL bag and infused over 15–20 minutes, repeat q 8 hours Note: Can be given orally if necessary, when IV/IM not possible Pediatrics (8–15 kg): 2 mg IV/IM- IV push over 2–5 minutes (can be diluted in 10 mLs NS or undiluted) Pediatrics (over 15 kg): 4 mg IV/IM - IV push over 2–5 minutes (can be diluted in 10 mLs NS or undiluted), with one repeat.
104
Ondansetron - how supplied SKIP FOR NOW - special considerations
How Supplied -2 mg/mL (2 mL) OR 2 mg/mL (4 mL) Special Considerations - Ondansetron is generally given to patients undergoing Chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to treat the nausea and vomiting. - Note: for children, it does not appear to be a drug of choice to treat nausea and vomiting. - Dose-dependent  QT  prolongation - Avoid in patient with congenital long QT syndrome - ECG monitoring recommended in patient who have electrolyte abnormalities, congestive heart failure (CHF) or bradycardia arrhythmias, or who are also receiving other medications that cause QT prolongation.
105
Oral Glucose - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: - Oral glucose Trade name: -Glutose®, Insta-Glucose® Classification -Carbohydrate, monosaccharide
106
Oral Glucose | -MOA
Provides prompt increase in circulating blood sugar
107
Oral Glucose - indications - contraindications
Indications -Hypoglycemia Contraindications -Hyperglycemia
108
Oral Glucose - precautions - side effects
Precautions -If patient has decreased level of consciousness, patient must be placed on side and glucose applied buccally Side Effects -Nausea and vomiting
109
Oral Glucose - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -PO Dose -15–45 g Pharmacokinetics - Onset: Immediate - Peak effects: Varies - Duration: Varies
110
Oral Glucose - how supplied - special considerations
How Supplied -In tubes and tablets of varying concentrations Special Considerations -Always ensure that a blood glucose reading is obtained before administration
111
oxygen - trade name - class
Trade name: -Oxygen Classification -Gas
112
oxygen | -MOA
Reverses hypoxemia, necessary for cellular metabolism
113
oxygen - indications - contraindications
Indications -Hypoxia, signs of inadequate tissue perfusion Contraindications -None
114
oxygen - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Side Effects -Drying of mucus membranes
115
oxygen - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -Inhalation Dose -2–15 lpm (titrate to effect) Pharmacokinetics - Onset: Immediate - Duration: Less than 2 min
116
oxygen - how supplied - special considerations
How Supplied -Oxygen cylinders containing 100% compressed gas Special Considerations -Humidify if using for long periods of time
117
Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Methoxyflurane Trade name:  -Penthrox® Classification Analgesic gas -
118
Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) | -MOA
Active ingredient is methoxyflurane, works by decreasing the CNS and making patients less responsive to pain. Research is unsure how this drug effects the CNS.
119
Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) - indications - contraindications
Indications -Moderate to severe pain related to trauma Contraindications - Inadequate understanding/patient cooperation - Decreased level of consciousness - Psychosis - Pre-eclampsia - Moderate to severe renal and/or liver impairment - Hypersensitivity/ family history of malignant hyperpyrexia without negative personal test - Significant cardiovascular compromise - Raised intracranial pressure
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Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) - precautions - side effects
Precautions - Used with care in patients with underlying hepatic conditions - Previous exposure to halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic (methoxyflurane when used as an anesthetic agent) especially if the interval is less than 3 months.  - May increase the potential for hepatic injury. Side Effects - Altered level of consciousness - Cough
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Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -Inhalation Dose - Self-administered - One bottle containing 3 mL of Penthrox® to be vaporized is a supplied inhaler - Maximum dose is 6 mL in a 48-hour period Pharmacokinetics - Onset 1 to 3 minutes - Duration 1 hour - Half-life unavailable
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Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) - how supplied SKIP FOR NOW - special notes
How Supplied -Bottle containing 3 mL Penthrox® Special Notes -When disposing Penthrox®, the inhaler and medication is to be placed in plastic bags provided, sealed and disposed
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Salbutamol - generic name - trade name - class
Generic name: -Salbutamol Trade name: -Ventolin® Classification -Bronchodilator
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Salbutamol | - MOA
- Beta adrenergic agonist. | - Predominant Beta 2 effects: relax bronchiole smooth muscle and cause bronchodilation
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Salbutamol - indications - contraindications
Indications -Bronchospasms due to exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma Contraindications -Hypersensitivity, symptomatic tachycardia
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Salbutamol - precautions - side effects
Precautions -Caution with cardiac patients Side Effects - Palpitations, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, anxiety - Headache, dizziness - Sweating, trembling
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Salbutamol - route - dose - pharmacokinetics
Route -Inhalation Dose - Adult: 2.5–5 mg - Pediatric: 1.25–2.5 mg with 2–4 mL of NaCl Pharmacokinetics - Onset: 5–15 min - Peak effects: 30 min–2 hours - Duration: 3–4 hours
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Salbutamol - how supplied SKIP FOR NOW - special considerations
How Supplied - Metered dose inhaler: 100 mcg/ metered spray - Nebules: 2.5 mg/2.5 mL Special Considerations -Monitor blood pressure, pulse and electrocardiogram (ECG)

Pharmacology and Fluid Therapy (12 decks)

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