Drug cards for chapter 9 Flashcards
what is the exemplar name for hydantoin?
phenytoin ( dilantin )
what is the MOA of hydantoin ?
inhibition of sodium channels, delays sodium channels from becoming active
indication for hydantoin
all types of seizures except for absence
what is MOST popular indication for hydantoin?
tonic clonic seizures
true or false. Dilantin is highly protein bound. Patients with low serum albumin levels will have increased effects of Dilantin. This means that there is more freely unbound active drug present in their body. They require lower drug levels of Dilantin.
true
what are some precautions and contraindications of hydantoin
teratogenic
depression and suicidal
renal liver and cardiac
true or false. dilantin is not used for long term
true
what are some adverse effects of hydantoin
nystagmus, suicidal thoughts, ataxia ( unsteady gait ), diplopia, can increase blood sugar ( rare )
gingival hyperplasia
true or false. IV phenytoin, can be mixed with dextrose, BUT NEVER with normal saline
false, its the other way around weirdo
true or false. it is important to monitor the IV closely when watching phenytoin? what can it caused
purple glove syndrome
administer it slowly
What is the exemplar of benzodiazepine?
lorazepam ( ativan )
MOA of benzo
potentiates GABA
what is the indication for benzo ? specially which type is it good for ?
seizures, and its good for status epilepticus
true or false. BENZO is known as a rescue med for seizures. this is not for long term.
true it is not for long term and it is used as a rescue med, its not used since it cna be addictive
what is the antidote for lorazepam
flumazenil
what is the exemplar name for barbiturates
phenobarbital ( ancalxilir )
MOA of barbituates
produces cns depression, inhibits impulse transmission in the cns and raises seizures threshold.
indication for barbiturates
seizures
teratogenic can be seen in barbituates
yes
what is the exemplar for anticonvulsant
carbamazepine ( tegretol )
what is the MOA for anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol )
Decreases synaptic transmission in the CNS by affecting sodium channels in neurons
what is the indication for anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol )
most seizures types, not absence seizures
true or false. giving grapefruit with anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol ), is safe.
false it is not = cause toxic levels of meds
true or false. anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol ) causes bone marrow suppression
true
does anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol cause neurologic side effects?
yes along with bone marrow suppression
teratogenic
water retention
what is valproic acid
suppressess neuronal firing by blocking sodium channels
increases levels of gaba and suppresses calcium influx
indication for valproic acid ( depakene )
treat all major seizure types
what are the side effects of valproic acid ( depakene )
it has gi side effects ( it’s hard on the liver, and pancreatitis)
anticonvulsant : gabapentin ( Neurontin ) what is the MOA
exact mechanism is unknown
increase gaba release
inidication for anticonvulsant : gabapentin ( Neurontin )
partial seizures ( adjunctive therapy for seizures )
adjunctive - supportive role /never by itself with seizures
anticonvulsants: gabapentin ( Neurontin ) what is one of the side effects
fall risks , other than that this is considered as a very safe medication
what is anticonvulsant : levetiracetam ( keppra ) MOA
it is unknown
indication for anticonvulsant : levetiracetam ( keppra )
all types seizures ( adjunct for partial seizures and generalized seizures )
what is the side effect that is important for anticonvulsant : levetiracetam ( keppra )
renal injury
anticonvulsant : topiramate MOA
- Potentiates GABA
- Blockage of sodium channels
- Blockage of calcium channels
- Blockage of glutamate receptors
anticonvulsant : topiramate indication
Adjunctive therapy for partial and generalized seizures
what is the side effect for anticonvulsant : topiramate indication
suicidal ideation - higher risk
anemia
hyperthermia ( decreased sweating along with it )
weight loss
