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Toxicology-JS > Drug Activity > Flashcards

Drug Activity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 phases of drug activity

A
  1. pharmaceutic
  2. pharmacokinetic
  3. pharmcodynamic
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2
Q

what is the pharmaceutic phase

A

occurs after the drug is given and involves disintegration and dissolution of the dosage form

affected by form and route of administration

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3
Q

drug forms: aqueous

A

suspension, emulsion, syrup solution

can add flavors

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4
Q

drug forms: alcoholic

A

elixirs, spirits, tinctures

cough syrup

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5
Q

drug forms: lozenges/torches

A

dissolves in mouth

zinc/cough drops

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6
Q

drug forms: powders

A

drugs or drug extracts dried

compressed in tablets

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7
Q

drug forms: capsule

A

gelatin capsule filled with liquid or powder

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8
Q

drug forms: delayed-release

A

various coatings to release dose over period of time

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9
Q

drug forms: enteric coated

A

acid resistant coating

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10
Q

drug forms: suppositories

A

mixed with substance that melts at body temp (cocoa butter)

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11
Q

drug forms: ointments

A

soft, oily, semi solid containing drug applied to skin/eyes

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12
Q

drug forms: transdermal

A

drug embedded into bandage/patch

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13
Q

drug forms: parenteral injections

A

liquid or powder dissolved in sterile solution

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14
Q

drug forms: spray/mist

A

inhaled through nose/mouth

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15
Q

what is the pharmaco-kinetic phase

A

what the body does to the drug

ADME

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16
Q

ADME

A

adsorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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17
Q

drug absorption

A

passive diffusion (MC)
active transport
pinocytosis
filtraiton

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18
Q

drug ionization

A

impact absorption bc ionized molecules do not readily cross membranes

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19
Q

meds taken with milk do what

A

combat the acidity of the sotmach

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20
Q

acidic urine eliminates what

A

basic drugs

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21
Q

basic urine eliminates what

A

acidic drugs

22
Q

type of drug that is lipid soluble and can cross membranes easily

A

anesthesia

23
Q

Does food increase or decrease absorption

A

decrease

24
Q

major sites of absorption

A

GI tract (MC), lungs, skin

25
Q

Parenteral sites of absorption

A

intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal

26
Q

MC type of absorption in GI tract

A

passive diffusion

27
Q

type of absorption in lungs

A

passive diffusion

lipophilic (fat loving)

28
Q

Type of absorption in skin

A

passive diffusion

a lot of variable factors

29
Q

bio-availability

A

Once in the blood stream, drug is distributed to various tissue and organs

30
Q

What is bio-availability dependent on

A

blood flow
plasma protein binding
presence of specific tissue barriers
selective distribution

31
Q

what type of drug molecuels can exert a pharmacological effect

A

unbound (free)

32
Q

What type of tissues see more drugs

A

ones with high blood flow

33
Q

BBB

A

blood brain barrier

lipid barrier
only allows lipid substances in

34
Q

placental barrier

A

some pass others don’t

35
Q

what is selective distribution

A

an affinity, or attraction, of a drug to a specific organ or cells

36
Q

why do we metabolize

A

makes us more polar/water soluble for urinary excretion

decreases half life
prevents accumulation
changes bio-avail

37
Q

what do we need for metabolism

A

enzymes- drug microsomal metabolizing system

38
Q

where are enzymes found

A

liver (MC)
kidneys
SI

39
Q

Where are water soluble compounds excreted

A

kidney

40
Q

first pass metabolism

A

after oral administration, all drugs are absorbed into the portal circulation

Transports the drugs to the livers before they are distributed throughout the body

Some drugs are metabolized significantly as they pass through the liver the first time

41
Q

major site for excretion

A 
urine (MC)
bile
lungs
GI
breast milk
42
Q

minor sites for excretion

A

sweat
saliva
tears
semen

43
Q

Where does filtration of blood occur

A

pores of glomerulus

44
Q

When you’re 80 what is your clearance compared to a 30 year old

A

half of what is used to be

45
Q

To make urine more acidic

A

vitamin C

46
Q

to make urine more basic

A

sodium bicarbonate

47
Q

how does active transport into bile occur

A

mostly fat-soluble molecules and end up in feces (saturated-liver
toxicity)

48
Q

how do the lugs excrete compounds

A

passive diffusion of volatile metabolites from blood

49
Q

how does the GI tract excrete compounds

A

passive diffusion of weak bases into intestinal lumen

50
Q

how does breast milk excrete compounds

A

passive diffusion of fat soluble compounds

51
Q

what is the pharmacodynamic phase

A

action of the drugs on living tissue

affected by form and route of administration

Toxicology-JS (10 decks)

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