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MBB 142 Drosophila > Drosophila > Flashcards

Drosophila Flashcards

1
Q

Insect with nymph stages before adult stage

A

Hemimetabolous insect

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2
Q

Storage for sperm within the female Dm’s body

A

Seminal receptacle and paired spermathecae

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3
Q

Characteristics of Dm eggs

A

One half mm in length
White
Oval shaped
Slightly flattened

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4
Q

Inner thin membrane surrounding the ovum

A

Vitelline envelope

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5
Q

Outer, tough extracellular coat surrounding the ovum

A

Chorion

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6
Q

Surface of Dm from which the respiratory filaments emerge

A

Dorsal surface

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7
Q

Extensions of the chorion found at the anterior end of the Dm egg, functions in gas exchange

A

Respiratory filaments

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8
Q

Optimal temperature for Dm egg hatching

A

25 degC

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9
Q

Largest of all larval forms

A

Third instar larva

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10
Q

Name for adult fly

A

Imago

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11
Q

Undifferentiated, mitotic cells within the Dm larva

A

Imaginal discs and histoblasts

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12
Q

Cells that will form epidermal structures of the adult Dm

A

Imaginal discs

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13
Q

Stage wherein imaginal discs evert and differentiate into adult structures

A

Pupal stage

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14
Q

Cells in larva that form the abdominal epidermis and internal organs of adult

A

Histoblasts

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15
Q

Recognized within larva as clumps of small cells

A

Histoblasts

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16
Q

Teardrop shaped epithelial cells in larva

A

Imaginal discs

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17
Q

Process of emerging as an adult from the pupa or as a larva from the egg

A

Eclosion

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18
Q

Time of day wherein females produce the greatest number of eggs

A

Late afternoon, evening

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19
Q

Differences between male and female Dm

A

Males have black pigmentation on the posterior abdominal segment; shorter abdomen (six segments), have a sex comb

Females don’t have black pigmentation; have eight abdominal segments; don’t have a sex comb

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20
Q

Bristles found on the end of the first segment of the front legs of male Dm

A

Sex comb

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21
Q

What comprises an acceptance signal from a female Dm during mating?

A

Slowing down, extrusion of ovipositor, spreading of wings

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22
Q

What comprises a rejection from a female Dm during mating?

A

Kicking with hind legs, fending with middle legs, flicking of wings, buzzing sound, rapid movement, extrusion of genitalia

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23
Q

Organs through which female Dms perceive the love song

A

Antennae

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24
Q

Process by which male Dms generate their love song

A

Vibration of one wing

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25
Q

Feathery extensions of antennae that augment vibrations

A

Aristae

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26
Q

Segment of antennae that senses vibrations during mating

A

Johnston’s organ

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27
Q

Segment wherein Johnston’s organ is found

A

Second segment of antennae

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28
Q

Organ male Dms extend to touch female Dm genitalia

A

Proboscis

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29
Q

Process by which egg emerges from female Dm ovipositor

A

Oviposition

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30
Q

Way eggs emerge from the female Dm ovipositor

A

Posterior end first

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31
Q

Mold inhibitor used in culturing Dm

A

Propionic acid

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32
Q

Function of propionic acid

A

Mold inhibitor

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33
Q

Balanced salt solution which allows continued development of egg until hatching

A

Ringer’s solution

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34
Q

What composes insect Ringer’s solution?

A

NaCl, KCl, CaCl2

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35
Q

Extensions of the chorion

A

Respiratory filaments and micropyle

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36
Q

Channel through which sperm travels towards the ovum

A

Micropyle

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37
Q

Substitute for insect Ringer’s solution

A

PBS

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38
Q

Dye used to visualize Dm ornamental markings

A

Toluidine blue

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39
Q

Leaves impressions on the chorion prior to ovulation

A

Ovarial follicle cells

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40
Q

Impressions left by ovarian follicle cells on Dm egg chorion

A

Ornamental markings

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41
Q

Advantages of respiratory filaments as respiratory organs of Dm

A

Minimal water loss, maximized gas exchange

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42
Q

A film of gas surrounding the respiratory filaments when submerged

A

Plastron

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43
Q

Allows respiratory filaments to function even when submerged

A

Plastron

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44
Q

Maintains plastron

A

Water-repellent surface network of respiratory filaments

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45
Q

Type of egg wherein yolk is concentrated centrally and cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery

A

Centrolecithal egg

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46
Q

Nuclear division

A

Karyokinesis

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47
Q

Cleavage of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

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48
Q

Usual process of cleavage (not like the formation of a multinucleate cell in early Drosophila development)

A

Karyokinesis then cytokinesis

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49
Q

Stage of Dm embryo wherein many nuclei are lined up in the peripheral cytoplasm

A

Syncytial blastoderm

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50
Q

Multinucleate tissue in which cell membranes don’t completely separate the nuclei

A

Syncytium

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51
Q

Stage of Dm embryo wherein cell membranes grow inward between peripheral nuclei, separating off individual cells from inner yolky cytoplasm

A

Cellular blastoderm

52
Q

Pattern of cleavage in Dm embryo

A

Superficial or peripheral cleavage

53
Q

First cells that form during cellularization

A

Pole cells

54
Q

End of embryo where pole cells form

A

Posterior end

55
Q

Origin of primordial germ cells

A

Pole cells

56
Q

Fate of pole cells

A

Primordial germ cells

57
Q

Fate of primordial germ cells

A

Gametes

58
Q

Process following cleavage

A

Gastrulation

59
Q

Insect with larval and pupal stage prior to adult stage

A

Holometabolous insect

60
Q

Larval organs that are preserved

A

Malpighian tubules, fat bodies, gonads, nervous system

61
Q

What regions comprise the head? (3)

A

mandibular, maxillary, labial

62
Q

How many thoracic segments?

A

3

63
Q

How many abdominal segments?

A

8

64
Q

Segments that form the telson

A

Abdominal segments 9 and 10

65
Q

Brings food to the mouth

A

mouth hooks

66
Q

Does the larva have eyes?

A

No

67
Q

hardened outer covering of flies, made of chitin with protein called sclerotin

A

cuticle

68
Q

What is distributed over the cuticle?

A

sensory bristles

69
Q

long white sheets running the length of the body

A

Fat bodies

70
Q

Lateral to the esophagus

A

salivary glands

71
Q

Sequence of compartments of GI tract

A

Pharynx –> Esophagus –> Proventriculus –> Gastric area –> midgut –> hindgut

72
Q

Proventriculus empties into what?

A

gastric area

73
Q

Excretory organs that carry urinary waste from the body

A

Malpighian tubules

74
Q

Type of circulatory system?

A

Open

75
Q

Bathes the internal organs

A

Hemolymph

76
Q

Nine pairs of discs + 1 disc

A

labial, clypeolabrum, humerus, antenna, wing, haltere, 3 pairs of leg discs. genital disc

77
Q

Chromosomes that replicate without separating

A

polytene chromosomes

78
Q

What layer transforms into the puparium?

A

cuticle

79
Q

Marks the end of pupation and beginning of adult life

A

Eclosion

80
Q

White puparium

A

P1

81
Q

Brown puparium

A

P2

82
Q

Bubble prepupa

A

P3

83
Q

Buoyant/moving bubble

A

P4

84
Q

Malpighian tubules white

A

P5

85
Q

Green Malpighian tubules

A

P6

86
Q

Yellow body

A

P7

87
Q

Yellow eyed

A

P8

88
Q

Amber eyed

A

P9

89
Q

Red eyed

A

P10

90
Q

Head and thoracic bristles

A

P11

91
Q

Wings grey

A

P12

92
Q

Wings black

A

P13

93
Q

Green patch

A

Meconium

94
Q

Waste products of pupal metabolism

A

Meconium

95
Q

Eclosion

A

P15

96
Q

Appearance of green patch

A

P14

97
Q

Layer of cells formed in embryo during cleavage

A

blastoderm

98
Q

A furrow in the head region

A

cephalic furrow

99
Q

Principal component of cuticle

A

chitin

100
Q

Removal of the chorion

A

Dechorionation

101
Q

Row of small hooks that help larva move by gripping substrate

A

denticle belt

102
Q

Another word for molting

A

ecdysis

103
Q

Simple eye containing a single light-perceivng element covered by a lens

A

Ocellus

104
Q

Light-sensitive elements of the compound eye

A

ommatidium

105
Q

Where larva exits

A

operculum

106
Q

What stages are considered to be prepupa?

A

P1-P4

107
Q

What stages are considered to be pupal?

A

P5-P15

108
Q

Mouth parts of adult fly

A

proboscis

109
Q

helps male pull himself up onto the female’s back during mating

A

sex combs

110
Q

Color of the filter you will use to increase contrast of orange?

A

Blue

111
Q

Germ layer that gives rise to epidermis/ectoderm

A

ectoderm

112
Q

3 main functions of the condenser

A

control concentrate collect

113
Q

The process of turning inside out

A

eversion

114
Q

Footprints of ovarian follicle cells on the embryo

A

ornamental markings

115
Q

number of eggs a femal Dm lays in one day

A

50-70

116
Q

Prevents growth of molds/other bacteria

A

propionic acid

117
Q

fertilization with more the one sperm cell

A

polyspermy

118
Q

Process of turning inside out

A

Eversion

119
Q

Embryological tool for fin manipulation and dissection of embryos

A

microneedle

120
Q

Number of spiracles in a first instar larva

A

2

121
Q

Considered the Mercedes of all lenses

A

Planapochromat

122
Q

Rotate polarized lightd

A

birefringence

123
Q

sac on the fly head which becomes filled with blood to break open the operculum

A

ptilinium

124
Q

term used to describe Dm embroy before cleavage

A

syncytial blastoderm

125
Q

second indication that larva enters pupation

A

stops moving

126
Q

Process of egg laying in Dm

A

oviposition

MBB 142 Drosophila (5 decks)

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