Dropbox Old Exam Questions Flashcards
The activity of thiobarbiturates is increased by
o Metabolic acidosis (Also hypoalbuminemia)
o Metabolic alkalosis
o Hyperthermia
o Hypoglycemia
o Hyperproteinemia
Metabolic acidosis (Also hypoalbuminemia)
Atropine has what effect on heart rate and rhythm?
Increases HR by blocking muscarinic receptors
Decreases HR by stimulation of vagal nuclei in the medulla
Produces first and second degree block during the development of sinus tachycardia
Predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias by increasing myocardial oxygen consumption
All of the above
Increases HR by blocking muscarinic receptors
Oxygen passes through the anesthesia machine in the following order
o Flowmeter, vaporizer, breathing circuit, patient
o Vaporizer, flowmeter, patient, breathing circuit
o Breathing circuit, vaporizer, flowmeter, patient
o Flush valve, charcoal, pressure raising valve, patient
o Vaporizer, pressure reducing valve, breathing circuit, patient
Flowmeter, vaporizer, breathing circuit, patient
A common potentially dangerous side effect associated w/ rapid IV injection of a thiobarbiturate is
o Vomiting
o Hyperthermia
o Convulsions
o Apnea
o Hyperreflexia
Apnea
The depth of anesthesia produced by an inhalant agent depends on
o The solubility of the anesthetic agent in the blood
o The partial pressure of the anesthetic agent in the brain
o The respiratory minute volume
o The duration of anesthesia
o The vapor pressure of the anesthetic
The partial pressure of the anesthetic agent in the brain
With the alveolar ventilation held constant, an increase in CO will increase anesthetic uptake and
o This will speed the rise in alveolar concentration of methoxyflurane
o The rise in arterial concentration will also vary with the solubility, the least soluble rising more slowly
o An excited animal will exhibit a fast induction
o The effect on the arterial concentration is more pronounced with methoxyflurane than nitrous oxide
o The alveolar rate of rise will be unaffected
The rise in arterial concentration will also vary with the solubility, the least soluble rising more slowly
Diffusion of anesthetic gases from the alveoli into the blood depends on
o Partial pressure gradient
o Solubility of gas in the blood
o The PCV
o MAC of the agent
o pH of the blood
Solubility of gas in the blood
A 2.5% solution of Thiopental contains what concentration of the actual drug?
o 2.5 mg/mL
o 0.025 mg/mL
o 25 mg/mL
o 250 mg/mL
o 2.5 mg/mL
25 mg/mL
Morphine, if administered intravenously, may potentiate a hypotensive crisis by causing
o The release of histamine
o The release of epinephrine
o Increasing vagal activity
o Increasing inotropy
o A and C are correct
The release of histamine
The anesthetic with the least cardiovascular effects in the dog is
o Thiopental
o Propofol
o Etomidate
o Halothane
o Methohexital
Etomidate
A 35 kg dog has been induced w/ Thiopental, intubated, and induction is continued w/ 2.5% isoflurane delivered and 2L/min of oxygen. The patient is spontaneously breathing, but moving, chewing the ET tube, and raising its head from the table. You mumble some obscene words and again inject 125 mg of Thiopental. Apnea follows, and you must now assist breathe for the animal. Which of the following would you expect to be the most serious consequence of this action?
o Arterial hypertension
o Tachycardia
o Decreased cardiac output
o Peripheral vasoconstriction
o Increased stroke volume
Decreased cardiac output
Xylazine offers an advantage over Acepromazine in that it is generally associated with a short period of
o Antihistamine effect
o Antiemesis
o Analgesia
o Sleep
o Antiarrhythmic effects
Analgesia
Opioids can produce which of the following in dogs?
Euphoria
Panting
Vomiting
Analgesia
All
All
Which anesthetic agent produces poor muscle relaxation, salivation, tonic clonic spasms, wide pupils when administered to cats?
o Ketamine
o Thiopental
o Etomidate
o Methohexital
o Halothane
Ketamine
Which inhalation anesthetic agent has the least effect on cardiac output?
o Halothane
o Methoxyflurane
o Enflurane
o Isoflurane
Isoflurane
MAC is
o The lowest alveolar concentration reflected in physiologic responses
o The end‐expired concentration of an anesthetic agent necessary to produce a response to a standard surgical stimulus
o The alveolar concentration below which subject awareness has been reported
o The lowest concentration of an anesthetic in the alveoli during the respiratory cycle
o The end‐expired concentration of an anesthetic which prevents response to a standard surgical stimulus in 50% of the subjects
The end‐expired concentration of an anesthetic which prevents response to a standard surgical stimulus in 50% of the subjects
Which of the following drugs could cause permanent prolapse of the penis in the horse (priapism)?
o Glycopyrrolate
o Acepromazine
o Diazepam
o Xylazine
o Morphine
Acepromazine
Rapid shallow respiration (panting) is undesirable during general anesthesia because
o The patient develops respiratory acidosis
o Heat loss is decreased
o Alveolar ventilation and therefore anesthetic uptake is decreased
Venous admixture is decreased
o Dead space is reduced
Alveolar ventilation and therefore anesthetic uptake is decreased
Other constants being equal, the speed of induction with inhalation agents varies inversely with their
o Oil water solubility
o Molecular weight
o Blood gas solubility
o Minimal alveolar concentration
o Saturated vapor pressure
Blood gas solubility
Which of the following drugs is a pure opioid agonist?
o Butorphanol
o Buprenorphine
o Morphine
o Acepromazine
o Ketamine
Morphine
Which of the following is noted for its muscle relaxant properties?
o Morphine
o Pancuronium
o Acepromazine
o Atropine
o Thiopental
Pancuronium
Which of the following is most likely to provide adequate chemical restraint of a very fearful vicious dog?
o Acepromazine
o Diazepam
o Meperidine
o Atropine + Glycopyrrolate
o Morphine + Acepromazine
Morphine + Acepromazine
Diazepam is used to produce
o Analgesia
o Vomiting
o Sinus tachycardia
o Muscle relaxation
o All of the above
Muscle relaxation
To maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia, alveolar anesthetic concentration must be above MAC. A useful guide is to maintain surgical anesthesia at which of the following MAC?
o 2.2 MAC
o 1.3 MAC
o 0.9 MAC
o 0.2 MAC
o 3.0 MAC
1.3 MAC
Which of the following agents is recommended to induce anesthesia in a greyhound?
o Thiopental
o Propofol
o Alfaxan
o Thiamylal
o B and C
B and C
An apneustic pattern of breathing may be seen after administration of
o Thiopental
o Propofol
o Ketamine
o Etomidate
o Methohexital
Ketamine
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of Phenolthiazines (Ace)?
o Hypotension
o Seizures
o Hypothermia
o Bradycardia
o All are potentially deleterious
Seizures
Neuroleptanalgesia is produced by combining
o Tranquilizers or sedative with an opioid
o Tranquilizer with a muscle relaxant
o Tranquilizer and IV anesthetic
o Muscle relaxant and inhalant agent
o Anticholinergic agent and opioid
Tranquilizers or sedative with an opioid
During induction of a 3kg cat, you’re delivering a 2.5% halothane and 1L/min of oxygen with the T‐piece anesthetic system. The patient is moving slightly, breathing slowly and shallowly, and you wish to accelerate the induction process. Which of the following is appropriate in this situation?
o Increase the oxygen flow
o Add oxygen with the flush valve
o Assisted ventilation
o Decrease oxygen flow
o A and C
A and C
Which type of arrhythmia is commonly associated w/ the use of a Thiobarbiturate during induction of anesthesia?
o Atrial fib
o V‐tach
o Bigemini
o Multifocal ventricular tachycardia
o 2nd degree heart block
Bigemini
Which of the following is an opioid agonist‐antagonist?
o Morphine
o Meperidine
o Fentanyl
o Butorphanol
o Oxymorphone
Butorphanol
A strong contraindication to the use of ketamine in cats would be
o Renal disease
o Elevated intracranial pressure
o A history of Bradycardia
o A history of muscle trauma
o A and B
A and B
What is the mechanism by which xylazine induces sedation?
o Stimulates central dopaminergic receptors
o Stimulates central gamma amino butyric receptors
o Stimulates mu receptors
o Stimulates central alpha‐2 receptors
o Stimulates central beta‐2 receptors
Stimulates central alpha‐2 receptors
Clinical recovery from anesthesia reduced by Thiopental is primarily due to
o Hepatic metabolism
o Redistribution of drug to muscle (away from CNS)
o Renal excretion
o Distribution to vessel‐rich groups
Redistribution of drug to muscle (away from CNS)
Which of the following would not have an influence on MAC?
o Anesthesia duration
o Hypothermia
o Aged animals
o Arterial carbon dioxide tension greater than 90 mmHg
o Sympathetic stimulation
Anesthesia duration
Which of the following is most likely to be associated w/ ventricular arrhythmia?
o Nitrous oxide
o Halothane
o Enflurane
o Isoflurane
o Methoxyflurane
Halothane
Administration of ketamine causes
o A decrease in heart rate
o An increase in heart rate
o Decrease in CO
o No change in CO
o No change in heart rate
An increase in heart rate
Which of the following pre‐anesthetic drugs is known for its sedative effect in pigs?
o Acepromazine
o Valium
o Morphine
o Midazolam
o Atropine
Midazolam
Xylazine in the dog produces
o Bradycardia, hypotension, decreased CO, and occasional changes in personality
o Tachycardia, hypertension, increased CO
o Bradycardia, hypotension, no change in personality
o Bradycardia, hypotension, protection from arrhythmias w/ Halothane, no personality change
o Bradycardia, hypertension, decrease in CO, increase in peripheral resistance
Bradycardia, hypertension, decrease in CO, increase in peripheral resistance
Which of the following are clinically important reasons for selecting glycopyrrolate over atropine?
Longer duration of action
Does not cross BBB
Causes greater increase in HR
A and B are correct
All are correct
Does not cross BBB
In which species are opioid agents most likely to produce untoward central nervous system effects?
Cat
Dog
Horse
All are correct
A and C are correct
A and C are correct
Which of the following can be used to reverse the effects of Xylazine?
o Tolazoline
o Pentazocine
o Yohimbine
o Butorphanol
o A and C are correct
A and C are correct
