Drive - lower respiratory tract

Question 1

What is the main function of the lungs?

Answer 1

Gas exchange

Question 2

What (approximately) is the volume of air inhaled/exhaled a minute?

Answer 2

5L

Question 3

What is the histological structure of the trachea?

Answer 3

Semi-circular hyaline cartilages lined by pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 4

What levels of the spine does the trachea run from and to?

Answer 4

C6 to T5

Question 5

What is the carina?

Answer 5

The site of bifurcation of the right and left main bronchus

Question 6

What level of the spine is the carina found?

Answer 6

T5

Question 7

Which main bronchus is more vulnerable to asperated blockages and why?

Answer 7

The right main bronchus as it is more vertically disposed.

Question 8

How many lobar bronchi divisions does the right main bronchus divide into?

Answer 8

3 divisions

Question 9

How many lobar bronchi divisions does the left main bronchus divide into?

Answer 9

2 divisions

Question 10

How many segmental bronchi divisions does the right main bronchus divide into?

Answer 10

10 divisions

Question 11

How many segmental bronchi divisions does the left main bronchus divide into?

Answer 11

8 divisions

Question 12

From the start of the trachea to the alveoli what is the path of the air (name of bronchioles etc.)

Answer 12

Trachea
Main bronchus
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli

Question 13

What is referred to by the term acinus?

Answer 13

The tissue supplied with air by one terminal bronchiole

Question 14

What (histological) things do the alveoli contain? (5)

Answer 14

type 1 pneumocytes
type 2 pneumocytes
alveolar macrophages
basement membrane
columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 15

How many lobes does the right lung have? (and what are these called)

Answer 15

3 (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 16

How many lobes does the left lung have? (and what are these called)

Answer 16

2 (superior and inferior)

Question 17

What provides sympathetic innervation to the lungs?

Answer 17

The sympathetic trunk

Question 18

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the lungs?

Answer 18

The vagus cranial nerve (CN 10)

Question 19

What does the pleura of the lungs consist of?

Answer 19

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Question 20

What provides pain sensation to the parietal pleura?

Answer 20

The phrenic nerve

Question 21

What blood vessels are the lungs supplied by?

Answer 21

The left and right pulmonary arteries and the bronchial arteries

Question 22

What is the purpose of the bronchial arteries?

Answer 22

To supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the tissue of the lungs