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Dressler > Dressler Module 2 Prenantal > Flashcards

Dressler Module 2 Prenantal Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes do somatic cells haveDiploid

A

46

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2
Q

Gametes are created with how many chromosomes

A

23

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3
Q

____ Creates gametes (sperm and egg) and ensures variability in offspring

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Process in which cells divide by meiosis to form gametes

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5
Q

Oogenesis

A

Results in one oocyte (ovum/egg)

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6
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Occurs in testes results and sperm

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7
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

In the outer third portion of the fallopian tubes

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8
Q

When does sex determination

A

At fertilization

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9
Q

Haploid number

A

23 chromosomes

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10
Q

Diploid number

A

46 chromosomes

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11
Q

Sperm and oocyte have how many chromosomes

A

23

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12
Q

Zygotes has how many chromosomes

A

46

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13
Q

Once an ovum is fertilized it is a

A

Zygote

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14
Q

After the ninth week a ____ becomes a ____ went tissues begin to form

A

Embryo Fetus

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15
Q

Gestation

A

Pregnancy

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16
Q

What are the stages of fetal development

A

Pre embryonic Embryonic Fetal

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17
Q

Describe what happens in each stage of fetal development Include the length of time that each stage last

A

The pre-embryonic (zygote) stage Occurs at two weeks when fertilization cell reproduction and implantation occursThe embryonic stage is from 2 to 8 weeks in which the embryo is nourished and develops The fetal stage is from the ninth week to birth and it is for growth and development of the fetus and usually last between 30 and 40 weeks

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18
Q

Morula

A

.

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19
Q

Blastocyst includes ____ cells

A

32

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20
Q

The ___ implants onto the uterus. The part of the ___ that does that is the ___

A

Blastocyst Blastocyst Trophoblast

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21
Q

The ____ develops within 35 days and becomes the embryo

A

Trophoblast

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22
Q

_____ Secretes HCG

A

Blastocyst

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23
Q

HCG signals ____ to stick around

A

The corpus luteum

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24
Q

The endometrium stays in place because of

A

Increased progesterone

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25
Q

Eventually there endometrium becomes the

A

DeciduaAnd The dicidua is what stays intact during pregnancy

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26
Q

Gestation usually occurs for how long

A

280 days or 10 lunar months

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27
Q

Anything under ____ weeks is pre term anything over ___ weeks this postterm Between ___ and ____ weeks is normal

A

38 40 38 and 40

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28
Q

Chorion

A

Putter most later of the developing cells

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29
Q

The ___ is the inner layer of the cell that eventually becomes the ____

A

Amnion Amnionic sac

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30
Q

What is the purpose of amnionic fluid

A

Maintain temperatureSymmetrical GrowthMovement shock absorberPrevent skin from sticking to amnion

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31
Q

What are germ layers

A

Give rise to specific tissues and organs

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32
Q

Yolk sac

A

Forms RBCs for the first 6 weeks

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33
Q

What is the name of the temporary organ the facilities transfer of food from mom to fetus

A

Placenta

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34
Q

The placenta produces what

A

Fatty acids glycogen and cholesterol

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35
Q

The placenta is where ____ takes place

A

Metabolism

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36
Q

Describe the drug pregnancy categories

A

A- Do not cross placentaB- Crosses without severe defectsC- Crosses placenta membraneX - Cannot be given

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37
Q

Name to placental hormones and describe their function

A

.

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38
Q

What does the placental hormone progesterone do

A

Maintain Uterine liningReduces uterine contractions Prepares alveolar glands

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39
Q

What does the placental hormone estrogen do

A

Stimulates uterine growth increases blood flow to uterusstimulates lactiferous development

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40
Q

What does the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin do

A

Signals corpus luteum regulates steroid production in fetus

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41
Q

What does the placental hormone human placental lactogen do

A

Helps increase glucose production helps with breast development increases resistance to insulin

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42
Q

Human placental Lactogen is produced only during

A

The first trimester

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43
Q

the human placenta lactogen hormone helps to secrete extra glucose and helps bring that insulin so that the fetus can use the extra glucose at about 12 weeks the fetus can take over and produce its own glucose if it doesn’t settle down and mom doesn’t stop producing the extra glucose she may develop what

A

Gestational diabetes

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44
Q

What is the connecting link between the mother and fetus

A

The umbilical cord

45
Q

The umbilical cord is surrounded by what

A

Wharton’s jelly

46
Q

What is inside of the umbilical cord

A

Two arteries in one vein

47
Q

What do the The two arteries inside of the Umbilical cord do

A

Carries waste to mother

48
Q

What does the one vein in the umbilical cord do

A

Carries nutrients and oxygen To fetus

49
Q

When can you see a fetal heart beat on a sonogram

A

5 weeks

50
Q

At how many weeks can you hear a fetal heart beat using a Doppler

A

12 weeks

51
Q

When can you hear a fetal heart beat with a fetoscope

A

20 weeks

52
Q

Fetal development Weeks

A

Spinal cord and sensation- 4 weeks Central nervous system- 6 weeks Gender recognition - 12 weeks Fetal movement- 18-20 weeks Leugo and vemly- 20 weeks Age of viability 24 weeks Lung maturity 36 weeks

53
Q

Teratogens

A

Anything that can be harmful to a developing fetus

54
Q

Describe how often a pregnant women visits the doctor

A

Conception to 28 weeks - every 4 weeks 29-36 weeks- every 2 weeks 37-delivery - every weeks

55
Q

Between what weeks can an amniocentesis be performed

A

14-20

56
Q

What are some presumptive signs a woman is pregnant

A

Amenorrhea Breast change Urinary frequencyAbdominal shapeLinear NegraColosma Quickening

57
Q

What is linea nigra

A

Dark line on the center of the abdomen due to hormonal changes

58
Q

Chloasma

A

Pregnancy mask Darkening of face

59
Q

What are some probable signs that a woman might be pregnant(Done by a physician)

A

Uterine enlargementSoftening of the uterusSoftening of the cervix Upper wall of the vagina is bluishFeeling for a amniotic fluidPregnancy test

60
Q

Hegars sign

A

Softening of the uterus

61
Q

Goodall signs

A

Softening of the cervix

62
Q

Chadwicks sign

A

Upper wall of the vagina is blue

63
Q

Belotment

A

Feeling for amniotic fluid

64
Q

What is the only positive sign that a woman is pregnant

A

Fetal heartbeat

65
Q

Positive signs

A

.

66
Q

Describe physical reproductive system changes in a pregnant woman

A

Uterus- Increased blood supply and size the wall stretch and thinCervix- becomes shorter and softer forms a mucous plugOvaries -Continues to secrete estrogen and ovulation ceases Fallopian tube- no change Vagina- Increase blood supply, thicker increased secretions Breast- Alveolar glands develop and areola darken

67
Q

Systemic changes in a pregnant woman during pregnancy

A

Respiratory- diaphragm moves up and respirations increase Cardiovascular- heart up and to the left. Increase blood volume and cardiovascular output Decreases Hct GI-n v pityalism Softer gums Hemorrhoids Urinary -GlycosuriaProteinuria Frequency Integumentary -Linea nigra Striae gravidarum Chloasma SkeletalLordosis

68
Q

What is Nageles rule

A

To find the estimated date of delivery Identify the first day of the last menstrual period Coins back 3 months and add 7 days

69
Q

Gravida

A

Number of pregnancies

70
Q

Nulligravida

A

No pregnancy

71
Q

Primigravida

A

1st pregnancy

72
Q

Multigravida

A

More than one pregnancy

73
Q

Para

A

Number of pregnancies that have gone past 24 weeks (age of viability) whether infant was dead or alive

74
Q

GTPAL

A

G # of pregnancies T # complete term preg (38-40)P # completed pre term preg (24-37)A # abortions (prior to 24)L # living children

75
Q

Normal fetal heart beat

A

120-160

76
Q

Average woman should gain between how many pounds when pregnant

A

25-35

77
Q

What fetal heart rate should be reported

A

Below 110 Above 160

78
Q

When is RH factor a potential problem

A

When mom is negative and baby is positive

79
Q

What is a torch screening

A

Infections That could impact pregnancy were delivery

80
Q

What does a triple screening test for

A

Neural tube defectsSpina bifidaTrisomy 21 Mental retardation

81
Q

If _____ is elevated it means a possible problem For example Down syndrome

A

Alpha fetal protein

82
Q

______ Dramatically decreases the risk of neural tube defects

A

Frolic acid

83
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Parasite in raw uncooked meat or cat feces

84
Q

And underweight mom should gain about how many pounds during her pregnancy

A

28-40

85
Q

An overweight mom should gain about how many pounds during her pregnancy

A

15-25

86
Q

A normal mom should gain about how many pounds.

A

25-35

87
Q

Most of the weight gain in the first trimester is due to what

A

Maternal tissue

88
Q

Most of the weight gain in the second trimester due to what

A

Maternal and fetal tissue

89
Q

X Most of the weight gain in the third trimester is due to what

A

Fetal tissue

90
Q

Polyhydramnious

A

Too much antibiotic fluid

91
Q

Teenage moms need ____calories than regular moms

A

More

92
Q

Fluid intake helps with the production of

A

Milk

93
Q

Foods to avoid during pregnancy

A

Tuna shark swordfish tilefish deli meats raw fish soft scrambled eggs caffeine

94
Q

A young mom is considered anyone who is

A

19 and under

95
Q

An advanced age mom is anyone who is considered

A

42 and older

96
Q

Advanced age mom is at risk for

A

A child being born with down syndrome etc.

97
Q

Braxton hicks

A

False labor

98
Q

Supine hypotension

A

Decreased blood pressure when laying down to do the fetus encluding certain parts

99
Q

A pregnant woman experiences supine hypotension what should she do

A

Lay on her left side

100
Q

During pregnancy a woman’s pulse might go up

A

5-10 BPM

101
Q

A fetal heart rate should be approximately ____ times that of the moms

A

2 times

102
Q

___ Helps to regulate blood blood sugar during pregnancy

A

The fetus

103
Q

And a pregnant mom who is diabetic she’s at risk for ____ in the second trimester

A

DKA

104
Q

A diabetic mom usually gives birth to a

A

Macrosoma (large body)

105
Q

What is important nursing care for a diabetic mother

A

Insulin drip during labor in crease calories while breast-feedingObserver signs of hypo or hyperglycemia

106
Q

Signs and symptoms of CHF

A

Increased heart rate increase respirations rales dyspnea edemaCP

107
Q

F A S

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome Results in retardation

108
Q

Smoking during pregnancy results in

A

Low birth weight

109
Q

A normal baby weighs between

A

7-8 pounds

Dressler (6 decks)

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