Drainage Basins Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

the area of land surrounding a river and its tributaries which controls water entering and leaving

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2
Q

What is percolation?

A

water soaking down from the soil into ground water

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3
Q

What is infiltration?

A

water soaking down in to the soil from the surface

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4
Q

What is interception loss?

A

trees catching water on their leaves and using it to survive, preventing water from reaching the floor

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5
Q

What is through fall?

A

water falling down through leaves

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6
Q

What is through flow?

A

water moving through the soil

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7
Q

What is groundwater flow?

A

water moving through groundwater

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8
Q

What is overland flow?

A

water moving across the surface of the land

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9
Q

what is transpiration?

A

water that is evaporated from leaves

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10
Q

Why do rates of infiltration vary?

A
  • soil type
  • relief
  • time
  • amount of water
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11
Q

What factors affect water storage?

A
  • vegetation type and coverage
  • rate of evaporation/condensation
  • rainfall
  • relief
  • humans
  • seasons
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12
Q

What is the watershed?

A

the boundary of a drainage basin

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13
Q

What is a catchment?

A

an area of land where water flows into a single outlet

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14
Q

What natural factors cause changes to drainage basin processes?

A
  • precipitation (prolonged? minimal?)
  • evaporation
  • seasonal changes
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15
Q

What human factors cause changes to drainage basin processes?

A
  • urbanisation
  • deforestation
  • farming practices
  • water abstraction
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16
Q

What natural factors impact flood risk in a drainage basin?

A
  • geology
  • vegetation
  • size
  • topography/relief