Dr. Raine's and Danielle's Lecture Flashcards
What is health promotion?
- health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
- Health is seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living (positive concept) or the absence of disease
- Health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector. Majority of the problems happen outside the health system
What are the 5 Ottawa charter action strategies?
1) Develop personal skills
2) Create supportive environments
3) Strengthen community action
4) Build healthy public policy
5) Reorient health services - towards a proactive approach
Explain how making healthy choices isn’t so simple using jujubes and fruit
- Everyone knows that jujubes are not as healthy as fruit but just because you know that doesn’t mean you make the healthy choice
- It depends on your situation and the resources you have. You may choose jujubes because they have more calories and need to last you longer
How can the “create supportive environments” be implemented?
- Need to provide good physical environments for people in terms of availability and access to food
- Need to provide a proper communication environment in terms of marketing
- Use community as a point of access for environmental change (community as a target). By changing your community you can change the environment (environment is context for behavior)
How can physical environments impact our health?
- People living in low income neighborhoods are exposed to 2.7x more fast food outlets than those living in middle or upper income neighborhoods
- Average shelf-space of fruits and vegetables vs junk foods within 1km is 3m:10m
- People exposed to more unhealthy foods have higher weight occurrence
How can communication environments impact health?
- Marketing of energy-dense foods and fast-food outlets are probable causes of obesity
- Pouring rights contracts exist and encourage students to drink more pop in order to provide support for students
- Kids spend almost 8 hours/day in front of screens. Top 10 kids websites = 25M ads for foods and beverages in one year. 90% are unhealthy products
Strengthening community action means to look at the community as what 4 things?
1) Setting - aggregate of individual changes
2) Target - creating healthy environments through broad systemic changes. Change the environment to make the healthy choice an easy choice
3) Resource - increased community capacity to focus strategically on health goals
4) Agent - “start where the people are” to strengthen connections between community organization to address health concerns
What are strategies to build health communities?
- Work with the community and the organization there (e.g. workshops for capacity building and intervention development)
- Target community environments
- Leverage resources and rely on the work of individuals, groups, and organizations already in the community
- Hiree community coordinators to work with multiple organizations
- Invest seed money to help kick start activities and maintain momentum
What were the goals of the healthy alberta community study
- reduce the prevalence of overweight and chronic disease risk (setting)
- Influence environments and build communities that promote and support healthy choices (target)
- Increase community capacity to promote health (resource)
- Sustainability and transferability (agent)
What was the healthy alberta communities study?
- Comprehensive 5 year community-based intervention for obesity and chronic disease prevention (2005-2010)
- University-government-community partnership
- Worked with 4 different communities
- Wanted to have environmental change to help improve health by promoting and supporting healthy choices
- Based on the research could inform policy, practice, and research decisions
What were the priorities of the HAC study?
- food security
- Community gardens
- safe communities
- leisure facilities
- social inclusion
- walking/cycling trails
What were the results of the HAC study?
- did not see improvement in BMI, saw improvements in BP
- Changing environment takes a while to trickle down to behavior change
How should you build healthy public policy?
- Put health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels
- Consider health consequences of policy decisions
- Complementary policy approaches include legislation (e.g. smoke free spaces), taxation, and organizational change (e.g. healthy schools)
What policy was Dr. Raine involved in making? What happened?
- Recommended: design and implement a prohibition on the advertising of foods and beverages to children
- Passed through 3 readings of parliament then government changed and in the final stage it was not passed
- Now going through the process again
- Building public policy can take a very long time but it can have profound impacts as it is targeting many people and not just one
What factors can all impact how you approach clinical practice?
- Quality of the physical environment - amenities like sidewalks, safety
- Household income
- Geographical limitations (growing season, travel conditions, transport)
- Cost of food (increased depending on where you are)
- Quality of available food (degrade faster bc they have been in transport for long)
- Access to resources like food and healthcare
