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Unit 4 > Dr. Paul - BLOOD HISTOLOGY > Flashcards

Dr. Paul - BLOOD HISTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Is blood a connective tissue

A

yes

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2
Q

what is the total blood volume and what % of total body weight is it

A

Total Blood Volume 6L (7-8% of Total Body Weight)

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3
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood

A
  1. Transport of Oxygen and nutrients to the cells
    2) Transport of CO2 and waste away from cells
    3) Delivery of hormones and other substances to and from cells
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4
Q

what are the 2 main components of blood

A

plasma and cells

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5
Q

Plasma makes up what percent of total blood volume? what are the components of plasma

A

Plasma = 55% total blood volume 91% h20 7% blood protiens 2% nutrients

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6
Q

cellular components make up what percentage of total blood volume. What 2 things make up the cellular components

A

45% cellular components= buffy coat ( wbc+ platelets) red blood cells

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7
Q

what is hematocrit

A

hematocrit = volume of packed rbcs

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8
Q

what are the 3 plasma protein components

A

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

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9
Q

what is the main protein constituant of plasma

A

albumin (50%) of plasma proteins . It is a carrier protein that maintain collidal osmotic pressure

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10
Q

what happens to collidal osmotic pressure if albumin is lost

A

If Albumin is lost from blood, then Colloidal Osmotic Pressure is Reduced

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11
Q

where are non immune globulins secreted from and what is the function

A

secreted by the liver. it is a carrier protein for copper iron and hemoglobin

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12
Q

what is the largest plama protein ? where is made and what is the function

A

fibrinogen , made in the liver, function is to be transformed into fibrin to form blood clot

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13
Q

life span on of RBC. How are they broken down

A

120 days. 90% Phagocytosed by Macrophages in Spleen, 10% Breakdown Intravascularly)

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14
Q

are rbcs rigid

A

RBCs are Deformable and therefore Can Pass Through Narrow Capillaries

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15
Q

what characteristic shape do rbcs take on microscope

A

Stack of Erythrocytes known as Rouleaux Formation can be Visualized

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16
Q

what is spectrin

A

Spectrin is a Long, Dimeric, Springy Protein inside the plasma membrane

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17
Q

What is Hereditary Elliptocytosis, also known as Ovalocytosis

A

an Inherited Blood Disorder in which an abnormally large number of the patient’s erythrocytes (i.e. red blood cells) are Elliptical rather than the Typical Biconcave Disc, Due to Membrane Protein Defect

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18
Q

what are the 3 kinds of cells found in blood

A

RBC, WBC, Platelets

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19
Q

what is in common between granulocytesand agranulocytes

A

Both granulocytes and agranulocytes contain nonspecific Azurophilic granules, which are lysosomes [Contains degradative enzymes that can breakdown different types of biomolecules]

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20
Q

what are the 3 kinds of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

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21
Q

what are the 2 kinds of agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes Monocytes

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22
Q

What kind of cell is this

A

neutrophil

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23
Q

What is this

A

eosinophil

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24
Q

What kind of cell

A

monocyte

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25
Q

What kind of cell is this

A

basophil

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26
Q

what kind of cell is this

A

lymphocyte

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27
Q

What is the most numerous wbc

A

neutrophil

28
Q

what are the most common granulocytes

A

neutrophils

29
Q

white kind of cells typically have 2-4 lobes

A

neutrophils

30
Q

what are the 4 kinds of granules found in neutrophils

A

specific

azurophillic

tertiary

secretary

31
Q

what is the function of neutrophils

A

Phagocytosis and Killing of Pathogenic Organisms Secretion of Cytokines and Extracellular Antimicrobial Molecules, including Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Pattern Recognition Molecules (PRMs)

32
Q

what do neutrophils do at the site of inflammation

A

neutrophils are active phagocytes at the site of inflammation

33
Q

What are involved in wound healing

A

Inflammation and Wound healing also involves Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils and Fibroblasts

34
Q

which kind of cell is assicated with allergic reactions, parasitic infections chronic inflammation and is toxic to parasites and degranulates mast cells

A

eosinophils

35
Q

what is the function of eosinophils

A

destroy larger multicellular pathogens and modulate allergic response

36
Q

what is the leasst numerous wbc

A

basophil

37
Q

what is located in the specific granules of a basophils?

A

heparin sulfate, histamine, trypstase and has mast cell activity , caboxypeptidase as an enzyme

38
Q

what kind of cell has a function simlar to mast cells

A

basophils

39
Q

what is the most common agranulocytes

A

lymphocyte

40
Q

what are the3 types of lymphocytes

A

t cells , b cells, nk cells . they are part of the immune defense system and act to recognize and produce antibodies

41
Q

what are platelets

A

small anuclueate cytoplasmic fragments with a life span of 10 days derived from megakaryocytes

42
Q

what are platelets used for

A

for normal blood clotting

43
Q

where are the 3 sites of hematopoiesis in early embryonic life

A

yolk sac

hepatic phase

bone marrow

44
Q

what does thrombopoiesis refer to

A

development of platelets

45
Q

how is the intrinsic pathway initiated

A

trauma inside the vascular system and activated by platelets exposed endothelieum chemical and collagen

46
Q

the pathway of blood coagulation is activated by …

A

it is activated by tissue factor , a protein extrinsic to blood

47
Q

what does coagulopathy refer to

A

bleeding diathesis

48
Q

what does coagulopathy refer to in terms of the condition

A

coagulopathy is a condition in which the blood ability to coagulate is impaired. There is prolonged or excessive bleeding. it may occur Spontaneously or Following an Injury or Medical and Dental procedures

49
Q

what factors will lead to bleeding disorders?

A

factor II, V,VII,X, XII will lead to bleeding disorders as they are related to clotting problems

50
Q

Describe hemophelia

A

hemophelia a and b are conditions that occur when there are low levels of clotting factors in the blood. It is x linked recessive. It causes heavy or unusual bleeding in the joints

51
Q

what is the most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von willebrands diesease

52
Q

describe how von willebrands disease works

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease, Most Common Inherited Bleeding Disorder

Has an Autosomal Dominant Pattern of Inheritance

Develops when the Blood Lacks Von Willebrand’s Factor, which helps the Blood to Clot

53
Q

Describe DIC

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a serious disorder in which the Proteins that Control Blood Clotting Become Overactive

 In this Condition Small Blood Clots Develop Throughout the Bloodstream, Blocking Small Blood Vessels

54
Q

What are some causes of DIC

A

Causes: Some Diseases and Conditions can Disrupt the Body’s Normal Blood Clotting Process and Lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

These Diseases and Conditions Include: Sepsis (an infection in the bloodstream), Surgery, Major trauma, Cancer and Complications of Pregnancy

Less common causes include Snake Bites, Frostbite and Burns

55
Q

What is DIC in a kidney called

A

acute thrombotic microangiopathy . it is located in the hilium of glomerulus

56
Q

what enzyme is responsible for clot breakdown

A

tPA

57
Q

What is the largest wbc

A

monocyte

58
Q

Where are platelets derived from

A

hematopoietic stem cell . then turns into megakaryoblast, megakaryocte then platelets

59
Q

what is the precurser cell to T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

A

small lymphocytes

60
Q

basophils, neutrophils, eiosinophils and monocytes are derived from what cell type

A

myeoblasts

61
Q

what are the precurser cells for platelets

A

thromobocytes

62
Q

what is the original precursor cell for blood cells?

A

hematopoietic stem cells aka hemocytoblasts

63
Q

what is the distinguishing feature for each of the following

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Eosinophil

Basophil

Neutrophil

A

Lymphocyte- very little cytoplasm

Monocyte- large indentation

Eosinophil- bi-lobed

Basophil- granules present

Neutrophil - 2-4 lobes

64
Q

what factor turns plasminogen into plasmin

A

tPA

65
Q

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathway both converge to form what pathway? What factor is present at this point

A

factor X

66
Q
A

Unit 4 (6 decks)

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