Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY (2nd year) > DR. MABANAG - GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY > Flashcards

DR. MABANAG - GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY Flashcards

1
Q

one of the most commonly used and misused drugs.

A

Antimicrobials Agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chemical agents or drugs that are selectively toxic to the causative agent of the disease such as virus, bacterium, or other organism.

A

Chemotherapeutic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antibacterial substances produced by various aspects of organisms like bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes that suppress the growth of other microorganisms.

A

Antibiotic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DENGUE

A

Aedes aegypti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CHIKUNGUNYA

A

Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aminoglycoside toxicity

A

OTOTOXIC
NEPHROTOXIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

more pronounced in the elderly than the middle-aged adult

A

aminoglycoside toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bind avidly to developing teeth and bones

A

TETRACYCLINES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Filipinos are one of the fastest acetylators of anti-TB drugs.

A

ISONIAZID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MALE OR FEMALE

have higher ACE-2 receptors, so more COVID-19 virus attaches to male patients

A

MALES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neurotoxicity OF ______ and _______
correlates with increased CSF drug concentration
typically occurs in patients with decreased renal function who are given large doses.

A

Penicillin G
B-lactam antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are antibiotics effective in abscesses?

A

NO
Antimicrobial activity decreases significantly in pus which contains phagocytes, cellular debris, and proteins that can bind drugs or create conditions unfavorable to drug action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Some antibiotics ________ in low pH.
a. will work
b. wil not work

A

b. will not work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treatment of Urinary Tract Infection

A

FOSFOMYCIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The location of the infection may dictate the
choice of drug and route of administration.

Brain infections -
Skin infections -

A

Brain infections - intravenous
Skin infections - topical or oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the concentration of the drug that inhibits the growth of the bacteria.

A

MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

A

● Beta-lactams
○ Penicillin
○ Cephalosporins
○ Carbapenems
● Bacitracin
● Cycloserine
● Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis (30s or 50s ribosomal sites)

A

BACTERIOSTATIC
○ Chloramphenicol
○ Erythromycin
○ Clindamycin
○ Streptogramin
○ Linezolid
○ Lincosamides
○ Macrolides
○ Fusidic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis (30s or 50s ribosomal sites)

A

Agents that bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit and alter protein synthesis
BACTERICIDAL
○ Aminoglycosides
○ Tetracyclines

buy AT 30
CEL at 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

inhibits RNA polymerase

A

Rifamycin
○ Rifampicin/ Rifampin
○ Rifabutin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

inhibits topoisomerase

A

Quinolones
○ Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

inhibits DNA synthesis

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

● Agents that act directly on the cell membrane, increasing permeability
● Leads to leakage in intracellular compounds

A

P-I-P
○ Polypeptides
○ Imidazoles
○ Polyene antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

○ Polymyxin
○ Poly antifungal agents (such as Nystatin, Amphotericin B, which binds to cell wall sterols)
○ Lipopeptide Daptomycin

A

DETERGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Block enzymes of folate metabolites
○ Trimethoprim ○ Sulfonamides
26
● Beta lactams ● Aminoglycosides ● Vancomycin ● Polypeptides ● Metronidazole ● Quinolones ● Rifampicin ● Isoniazid
Cidal (Bactericidal)
27
Primary Static (Bacteriostatic)
CMELTTS ● Chloramphenicol ● Macrolides ● Ethambutol ● Lincosamides ● Tetracyclines ● Trimethoprim ● Sulfonamides
28
Giving of antimicrobial before actual identification or isolation of infecting microorganism.
EMPIRIC THERAPY
29
An ultimate goal in administering a drug. As much as possible, the side effects or adverse effects that are usually seen in antimicrobial treatment should be avoided.
SELECTIVE TOXICITY
30
affects 70S ribosomes
CHLORAMPENICOL
31
inhibit bacterial FA (folic acid) synthesis
SULFONAMIDES
32
Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after limited exposure to the antimicrobial agent (even if you stop giving the antibiotic).
POST ANTIBIOTIC EFFECT (PAE)
33
Giving of antimicrobial drugs to a healthy person exposed to an infectious agent to prevent that person from acquiring the infection.
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
34
prophylaxis against leptospirosis
DOXYCYCLINE
35
Use of antimicrobial compounds to prevent infections remains controversial in numerous situations.
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
36
used to protect healthy persons from acquisition of or invasion by specific microorganisms to which they are exposed.
PROPHYLAXIS
37
to prevent meningococcal meningitis in people who are in close contact with case
RIFAMPIN
38
Prevention of gonorrhea or syphilis after contact with an infected person
Ceftriaxone penicillin
39
prevent recurrent UTI caused by E. coli
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole)
40
prevent a variety of infections in patients undergoing organ transplant or receiving cancer chemotherapy.
ORAL FLUROQUINOLONE
41
Immunoprophylaxis Immediate protection long term protection
Immediate protection - PASSIVE (RABIES) long term protection - ACTIVE (TETANUS TOXOID, COVID)
42
The simultaneous use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents is recommended in specifically defined situations based on pharmacological rationale, however selection of an appropriate combination
ANTIMICROBIAL COMBINATION
43
Enhance effect of drug Vancomycin + aminoglycoside
SYNERGY
44
When antibiotics are combined, the antimicrobial coverage is broader. ● Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole) ● Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid
Extended Antimicrobial Spectrum
45
use decrease toxicity
Aminoglycosides + Penicillin
46
Beta Lactams and Aminoglycosides ● E.g. Staphylococcus produces beta-lactamases which inhibit penicillin.
Enzymatic Inactivation or Modification
47
Altered Target Site: Decreased Affinity of the drug to the offending organism
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci
48
Altered Permeability of Bacterial Cell Wall
Beta Lactams and Fluoroquinolones ● Especially for beta-lactamases, cephalosporins
49
Alternate Pathway Bypassing Antimicrobial Action
Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
50
TOOTH DISCOLORATION
tetracyclines
51
HEARING LOSS
aminoglycosides
52
NEPHROTOXICITY
aminoglycosides
53
These are indications for the clinical use of antimicrobial combinations, except: a. Mixed infections b. Severe infections of which the cause is known c. Enhancement of antibacterial activity in specific infections d. Prevention of the emergence of resistant strains
b. Severe infections of which the cause is known
54
T/F. Prophylaxis cannot be used to protect healthy persons from acquisition of or invasion by specific microorganisms to which they are exposed.
FALSE
55
This antimicrobial combination is recommended to decrease toxicity. a. Co-trimoxazole b. Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone c. Aminoglycosides + Penicillin d. Amoxicillin + Penicillin
c. Aminoglycosides + Penicillin
56
What adverse events are caused by aminoglycosides? a. Nephrotoxicity b. Impaired hearing c. Both d. None
C. BOTH
57
T/F. For an antibiotic to be effective, it must reach its target in an inactive form.
FALSE
58
The following drugs inhibit protein synthesis at various sites, except: a. Fusidic acid b. Aminoglycosides c. Chloramphenicol d. Monobactams
D.MONOBACTAMS
59
The following are host susceptibility factors, except: a. Age b. Culture sensitivity c. Genetics d. General Health
B. CULTURE SENSITIVITY
60
This refers to the ability of the microbe to cause infection a. Virulence factors b. Selective toxicity c. Infectivity d. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
C. INFECTIVITY
61
Administration of this drug can prevent meningococcal meningitis A. Co-trimoxazole B.Ceftriaxone C. Rifampin D. Fluoroquinolones
C. RIFAMPIN
62
T/F. abscesses because their activity is increased in the presence of pus, which contains proteins that increase the binding capacity of drugs.
FALSE

PHARMACOLOGY (2nd year) (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions