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103 > Dr Guirgis’ Lectures > Flashcards

Dr Guirgis’ Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the principle of confidentiality called?

A

Caldicotts Princible

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2
Q

What are the 8 principles of Caldicott principles

A
  1. Justify the purpose for using confidential information
  2. Use confidential information only when necessary
  3. Use the minimum amount of info when necessary
  4. Access to such information should be on a strict, need-to-know basis
  5. Everyone with access to it should understand the responsibility they hold
  6. Comply with law
  7. The duty to share information is just as important as the duty to keep it
  8. Inform the public on where and how their confidential information could be used
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3
Q

What is the act which protects peoples confidential information by law

A

Data protection act

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4
Q

What are some things to keep in mind when you are handling with confidential information face to face?

A

Who can hear you?
Is it necessary?
Give the least amount of information needed.
Who else is with you?

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5
Q

What are some things to keep in mind to keep confidentiality over the phone?

A

You cannot give confidential information over the phone.
Is the person allowed to know the information?
Who could overhear the conversation?

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6
Q

What are some things to keep in mind to keep confidentiality whilst writing an email?

A

Only send information to an NHS email
Is the receiver authorised to retain the information you could send?
Don’t leave a workbook or computer active whilst you’re not presentg

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7
Q

What duty do you have when it comes to reporting concerns?

A

Duty of candour - involves speaking up when things go wrong, apologising to the patient and reflecting on why things went adversely and how they can be prevented in the future.

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8
Q

What is public health?

A

The science of preventing diseases, prolonging life and promoting health of the entire population.

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9
Q

When a section of the population experiences a type of disease, we should focus on helping that community with the type of disease effecting them

A
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10
Q

Who is responsible for public health

A

All sectors of the society:
- Department of health
- Stakeholders
-Community
- Government etc.

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11
Q

What is health promotion?

A

The process of enabling people to have more control over their own health for the better

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12
Q

What makes a healthy person?

A

Physically fit
Socially sound
Mentally stable
Good wellbeing

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13
Q

What does holistic approach mean?

A

Taking everything in an individuals life into account

  • Lifestyle + behaviour
  • Physical, social and economics
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14
Q

What are the three P’s of Public health

A

Protection
Prevention
Promotion

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15
Q

What is needed to achieve the three P’s of healthcare

A

Governance
Advocacy - encouraging individuals to get checked
Capacity - having the numbers
Resources - having enough money
Information

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16
Q

The Ottawa Charter has 5 action areas for improving health for all, what are they?

A
  1. Protecting health and enabling healthy choices
  2. Healthy choices related to where people live and work
  3. The whole community makes efforts to improve health
  4. Address heath inequality in a population, more training for more health professionals
  5. Development of personal knowledge and education
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17
Q

What are the 3 strategies in the Ottawa Charter

A

Advocate - having systems in place to help a community

Mediate - talk to organisations and individuals to make healthier choices a reality

Enable - work in partnership with organisation and individuals for improved public health

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18
Q

Define what is meant by health

A

Physical
Mental
Social
Economical
Well-being

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19
Q

What is disease prevention

A

Reduce or eliminate exposure or risk factors which can make you develop a disease

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20
Q

How many chronic illnesses are preventable according to WHO

A

80% - through healthier lifestyle choices

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21
Q

What are a few health problems caused by obesity?

A

Hypertension, high cholesterol, liver disease, musculoskeletal

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22
Q

Where are alcohol related deaths higher

A

Deprived areas

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23
Q

What does alcohol do to the body?

A

Poison, liver disease, cardiovascular disease

24
Q

What is the biggest cause of modifiable risk

A

Smoking

25
Q

What are a few risks of smoking?

A

Doubles risk of heart attack, 84% of deaths from lung cancer, increases risk of stroke by 50%

26
Q

What is the goals oif a community pharmacy for the future

A

To be a healthcare and wellbeing hub for the community

27
Q

What does MECC mean?

A

Making every contact count

28
Q

The simple 3’s are…

A

Ask - find out their lifestyle

Advise

Act

29
Q

What does influenza mean?

A

At risk

30
Q

What does STTT stand for?

A

Sore throat test and treatment

31
Q

Who are the ‘at risk’ groups?

A

65+
Chronic respiratory disease
Cardiovascular DISEASE (not hypertension)
Immunocompromised
Diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy
Morbid obesity

32
Q

What are locally commissioned services?

A

Services which are contracted due to area specific needs e.g high smoking population needs a stop smoking service.

33
Q

What makes a pharmacy different from general sales ?

A

They provide essential services which cannot be given by general sales

34
Q

What are some essential services provided by pharmacies

A

Dispensing medicines
Dispensing appliances
Repeat dispensing
Clinical governance
Discharge medicine services
Public health (healthy lifestyle)
Signposting
Support for self care
Disposal of unwanted medicines

35
Q

What is the Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework?

A

New contract with community pharmacy.

36
Q

What is Clinical governance?

A

A framework which makes NHS organisations accountable for continually improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care.

37
Q

What are the pillars of clinical governance

A
  1. Patient and public involvement - talk group with patients
  2. Clinical audit - A write up on situations/problems/services
  3. Risk management - Risk assessments
  4. Clinical effectiveness
  5. Staffing and staff management - enough staff+happy staff
  6. Education, training and CPD’s
  7. Use of information to support clinical governance and healthcare delivery
38
Q

What is a discharge medicine service

A

A a service provided to recently discharged patients from the hospital who are flagged as needing extra knowledge on their medicine

39
Q

Opportunistic advice is…

A

You go out of your way to provide healthy lifestyle advice to a patient instead of just giving the medicine straight away.

Four key areas:
- Diabetes
- At risk of coronary heart disease
- who smoke
- are obese

40
Q

How many campaigns can you do a year?

A

Up to 6

41
Q

What are some advanced services of a pharmacy?

A

Appliance Use review
Consultations
Flu vaccine
Hep C testing
Hypertension case-finding
New medicine
Stop smoking service

42
Q

What is Appliance use review

A

Identifying if the patient is taking and using their medication and appliances correctly

43
Q

Community pharmacist consultation service is…

A

For people with minor illnesses who need urgent supply of a medicine with a community pharmacist. This can also include the NHS phone service with 111.

44
Q

What are the 4 priority services of CPCS?

A

Common ailments
Emergency contraception
Emergency medicine supply
Seasonal flu jabs

These are the main priorities of wales that have been flagged as national problems

45
Q

Who is most likely to be most effected by flu

A

Pregnant women
People 50+
Long term health conditions
You live in care homes
Children between 2-16
Carers and healthcare professionals

46
Q

Who are eligible for new medicine service?

A

Asthma, diabetes, hypertension, epilepsy, Parkinson’s, Heart failure, Stroke, Coronary heart disease

47
Q

What are some enhanced services which can be provided by pharmacies?

A

Substance misuse services, Sore throat test and treat, emergency hormonal contraception, independent prescribing, National stop smoking service, needle and syringe supply

48
Q

What are the aims and outcomes of stop smoking services?

A

Provide one to one behavioural support and advice to smokers who are motivated to give up smoking

Outcomes include improved access to appropriate pharmacotherapy to support quitting.

Reduction in the number of people through successful smoking cessation

49
Q

What is sore throat test and treat service?

A

A service which allows patients to call into a local pharmacy who can provide scoring system and if they score high they can be offered a swab which can be tested to see if it is bacteria or viral depending if it is positive or negative. This helps antimicorbial resistance

50
Q

Flu vaccines

A

Takes about 2 weeks to work

High priority people include pregnant people and people over 50

Paracetamol is recommended to reduce the side effects

51
Q

What are the five waves of public health

A

Structural - clean water, sewage etc industrial stuff
Biomedical - early vaccines and antibiotics
Clinical - lifestyle related diseases
Social - social determinants of health
Cultural - a culture for healthy lifestyle

52
Q

What is a population related to health care?

A

A group of people with shared characteristics

53
Q

How does behavioural science benefit a pharmacist?

A

They can better understand the communities in which they help and develop an empathetic approach for targeting factors specific to your population and area

54
Q

A pharmacist must be empathetic to all (just be a good person)

A
55
Q

MECC is Making Every Contact Count

A
56
Q

What does DoTS stand for in regards to Adverse drug reaction

A

Dose, Time and susceptibility

57
Q

What is polypharmacy?

A

Pharmacists working together for a patient

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