Down Syndrome Flashcards
What is down syndrome
inherited from genetics of chromosome 21
influence brain and body
Three Types of Down Syndrome and their Likely-hood
- Trisomy - 95%
- Translocation - 3%
- Mosaic - 2%
What Causes Down Syndrome
- random error in cell division called nondisjunction
- extra copy of chromosome 21
Prenatal Diagnosis
- screening test and diagnostic tests
- blood tests on parents
- prenatal screens detect chromosomal material from fetus
At Birth Diagnosis
- Identified at birth due to presence of certain physical traits
- karyotype and genetic test
demographics: gender, race
gender
- higher change in male babies
- due to variation in gene expression
race
- highest risk for caucasian women
- fathers genes play a huge role
Person, Place and time
person
- happen to anyone
- born with it
- 1 in 800 newborns
place
- DNA within the cell
- chromosome 21
time
- fetal development
- conception
cost and burden
- extra healthcare
- public school have to accommodate
- shortened lifespan
physical features
- single palmar crease
- small ears, feet, hands
- shortened height and slowed growth
- poor muscle tone and joint strength
developmental features
slowed brain development
speech features
slowed speech and language abilities
senses features
visual and auditory sense are disrupted
seizures feature
individuals more likely to have seizures, causing additional cognitive decline
dementia features
almost all will have Alzheimer when adults
characteristics features
reduced attention span, stubbornness, impulsivity
emotional features
- feel all emotions
- 50% will experience major mental health concerns
- anxiety, OCD, tics, depression
social features
- want to interact
- speech difficulties
- struggle maintaining friendships
physical barriers
motor delays
low muscle tone
physical stigma
cognitive barriers
intellectual disabilities
memory and attention
speech and language delays
financial
increase
loss of income
lack of financial support
social barriers
excluded from friends
social stigma
private/ home schooling
management strategies: behavioural, educational, family
behavioural
- avoid triggering situations
- communication strategies
- sensory breaks
educational
- visual aids
- simple language
- kinaesthetic learning
family
- social
- parental involvement
- structured routines
Goals of physical therapy
improving motor skills
increase muscle strength
improve posture
maintain function
goals of occupational therapy
sensory processing
self-car abilities
cognitive skills
speech therapy goals
articulation drills
vocab development
alternative communication (sign language)
STEP framework
S
- reduce distractions
- clear boundaries
T
- simplify instructions
- increase reps
E
- adjust size of equipment
- used textured equipment
P
- buddy system
- positive reinforcement
