Dosage forms of contraceptives

Question 1

Emergency hormonal contraception

Answer 1

levonelle (POM in 200)

ella one as POM (since 2009) (OTC since 2015)

Question 2

Transdermal contraception

Answer 2

patch left in place for 7 days

3 patches used for 21 dasy and then 7 day patch-free period

Each transdermal patch releases an average of 203 micrograms of norelgestromin and 33.9 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol per 24 hours

Question 3

how does hormones incorporate in skin

Answer 3

incorporated in seperate polymeric matrix which may be in direct contact w skin or drug - penetrate adhesive layer

Question 4

IUD - intrauterine device

Answer 4

long acting reversible contraceptive (T shaped)

Question 5

copper surface area of ____ mm2 or more for best contraceptive effectiveness

Answer 5

300

Question 6

Brands of IUS used in Uk on the NHS

Answer 6

Mirena® - levonorgestrel 20 micrograms/24 hours
Levosert® - levonorgestrel 20 micrograms/24 hours
Jaydess® - levonorgestrel 6 micrograms/24 hours (average over 3 years)

Question 7

How is this controlled release obtained?

Answer 7

We use a polymer that will release the drug over time

Question 8

IUS - structure significance

Answer 8

Presence of covalent crosslinks slows the permeation of the drug from the PDMS reservoir

Question 9

Contraceptive implant

Answer 9

estonogestrel

60-70 micrograms/day in week 5-6
35-45 micrograms/day at the end of the first year
30-40 micrograms/day at the end of the second year
25-30 micrograms/day at the end of the third year

Question 10

ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (PEVA). what type of cpontraception

Answer 10

biostable polymer, skin of implant also PEVA w lower porportion of vinyl acete monomer