Doppler and Color Flow

Question 1

LVOT SV calculation

Answer 1

= (LVOT diam)2 x 0.785 x VTI

Question 2

Simplified Bernoulli equation

Answer 2

Pressure gradient = 4V2

Question 3

RVSP =

Answer 3

= 4 (TR velocity)2 + right atrial pressure

Question 4

Dimensionless index

Answer 4

LVOT VTI / Aortic valve VTI < 0.25 -> probably severe aortic stenosis
LVOT peak velocity / aortic valve peak velocity < 0.25 -> probably severe aortic stenosis

Question 5

Mitral stenosis PHT equation

Answer 5

MVA = 220/PHT

Question 6

How to calculate pressure half velocity from peak velocity

Answer 6

velocity half time (V t 1/2) = Vmax / 1.4

Question 7

MVA continuity equation

Answer 7

= (LVOT diam)2 x 0.785 x LVOT VTI / MV VTI

Question 8

Severe mitral stenosis

Answer 8

Mean gradient > 5mmHg

MVA <= 1.5cm2

Question 9

Regurgitant volume MR

Answer 9

= MV SV - LVOT SV

Question 10

Regurgitant volume AI

Answer 10

= LVOT SV - MV SV

Question 11

Flow at PISA hemisphere equation

Answer 11

Flow (cc/sec) = 6.28 x r(cm)2 x V (cm/sec)

Question 12

ERO by flow

Answer 12

ERO (cm2) = flow (cc/sec) / V (cm/sec)

Question 13

MV regurgitant volume by ERO

Answer 13

RV (cc) = ERO (cm2) x VTI (cm)

Question 14

TTE better than TEE for: (valves)

Answer 14

Aortic stenosis peak velocity

Peak TR velocity

Question 15

RA pressure 0-5mmHg

Answer 15

IVC diam <2.1cm
>50% inspiratory collapse
Tricuspid E/e’ >= 6

Question 16

RA pressure 5-10mmHg

Answer 16

indeterminate IVC pattern

Question 17

RA pressure 10-20mmHg

Answer 17

IVC diam >2.1cm
<50% inspiratory collapse
Tricuspid E/e’>6

Question 18

Pressure half time from deceleration time

Answer 18

PHT = 0.29 x decel time

Question 19

PA diastolic pressure =

Answer 19

= 4 (PA end diastolic velocity)2 + RA pressure

Question 20

ERO by Nyquist =

Answer 20

= 2 pi r2 x (V Nyquist) / (V MR) x alpha/180

Question 21

Characteristics severe AI

Answer 21

Regurg orifice >=0.3mc2
Regurg fraction >=50%
Regurg vol >=60ml
Vena contracta >=0.6cm