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1) Blood Bank 2 Exam 1 > Donor Testing > Flashcards

Donor Testing Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The integral donor tubing segments shall be separable from the container without breaking the sterility of the container

A

True

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2
Q

Which method is the strongest to detect weak subgroups?

A

ABO testing

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3
Q

Which method is able to detect Weak D?

Weak D is called what?

A
  • Rh testing
  • Rh positive
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4
Q

Which method give a positive antibody in plasma that does not defer the donor?

A

Antibody Screen testing

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5
Q

Is antibody Screen performed at every donation?

A

No

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6
Q

Which method is done at random, and donors are tested by the donor center in order to locate rare antigens?

A

Phenotype testing

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7
Q

True or False: Some donations are labeled without testing if 2 previous tests from the donor center match records.

A

True

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8
Q

What tests are required in order to keep the blood supply safe?

A
  • Blood Type
  • Antibody Screen
  • Infectious Disease Testing
  • Quality Control
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9
Q

What test is required to be done in all blood supply?

A

Blood Type
- ABO Group: Forward and reverse
- D Phenotype: weak D testing required on all Rh negative red cells

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10
Q

When do we do Antibody screen in blood supply?

A

It is performed on first time donors who have been transfused or pregnant.

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11
Q

Which infectious diseases are tested?

A
  • Hepatits B: HBV DNA, HBsAg, anti-HBc
  • Hepatits C: anti-HCV, HCV RNA
  • HIV: anti-HIV -1/2, HIV-I RNA, anti-HTLV-I/II
  • West Nile virus RNA
  • Syphilis serology
  • Antibodies to T.cruzi
  • Babesia
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12
Q

Quality Control is done to keep the blood supply safe and is required for:

A
  • platelet bacterial testing
  • WBC Count on Leukoreduced units
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13
Q

What are the 3 Infectious Diseases that are tested and are permanent deferral?

A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • HIV
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14
Q

What is the 1 infectious disease that is tested and is a indefinite deferral?

A

Antibodies to T.cruzi

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15
Q

What are the 3 infectious disease that are tested and are temporary deferrals?

A
  • West Nile Virus
  • Syphilis
  • Babesia
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16
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with FDA required testing for Treponema palladium (Syphilis)?

A
  • Window period: 2-3 weeks
  • Deferral: 12 months post treatment

–
Treponemes are fragile and sensitive to cold. Risk of transmission would decrease in cold storage of products. More likely to transfuse from fresh blood or platelets.

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17
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?

A
  • Window period: 3-4 weeks
  • Deferral: Permanent
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18
Q

True or False: Before testing of all donor products Transfusion associated Hepatitis infection = 30%

A

True.

  • Reason all volunteer blood donor program was mandated by the FDA; it Reduced hepatitis infection by 70%
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19
Q

After _______ testing, Hepatitis infection was still 10% (nonA non B)

A

HBsAg (Hepatits B surface Antigen)

  • 1st gen Radioimmuno assay (toxic to workers)
  • 2nd gen EIA
  • 3rd gen NAT introduced 2009
20
Q

_____ was introduced after HBsAg, and HBV DNA testing.

A

Anti-HBc (hepatitis B core total antibody)

  • Total= chronic; Igm= Acute
  • Nonspecific indicator of HIV and HepB infection, discounted in 1996.
21
Q

What is the different between Anti-HBc and anti-HBs?

A
  • Anti-HBc: hepatitis B core total antibody
  • anti-HBs:Hepatitis B surface antibody (test to check for immunity)
22
Q

True or False: HBsAg was the first viral marker sequenced

A

True

23
Q

Confirmatory test is __________ of HBsAg

A

Neutralization

24
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV 1 & 2)?

A
  • Window period - ELISA: 56 days. NAT: 7-10 days
  • Deferral: Permanent

–
Combo test of Mini pool testing and repeated antibody differentiation tests by ELISA

25
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?

A
  • Window period - ELISA: 82 days. NAT: 25 days
  • Deferral: Permanent

Runs in pools with HIV NAT

26
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Human T cell Lymphotrophic Virus (HTLV)?

A
  • Window period: 1-2 months
  • Deferral: Permanent

–
Looks a like HIV. It is never transfer, so they never made a NAT test for it. Not a high risk, not common.
- HTLV-I has been associated with neoplastic conditions and a variety of demyelinating disorders.
- HTLV-II is not yet proven unequivocally to be a significant clinical concern.
- Prevalent among IV drug users.

27
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Trypanosome Cruzi (Chagas Disease)?

A
  • Window period: N/A
  • Deferral: Indefinite
  • All donors are tested once initially, and if negative no need for further testing on later donations.
  • Parasite is endemic to Mexico and South America, not U.S.
  • Spread to people by Triatomine insects. Persists with no symptoms.
28
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with West Nile virus (WNV)?

A
  • Window Period: 3-5 days
  • Deferral: 120 days

–
- 6-16 donors in one group tested year round until the first positive appears (mosquito season)
- During season, single donors are tested until a specific percentage no longer positive.

  • Important for 1/150 people will develop fatal illness.
29
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Tick Borne Babesiosis?

A
  • Window period: N/A
  • Deferral: 2 years from reactive test
  • Deferral: indefinite (when not endemic - not test)

–
- Highest prevalence in US
- Transmission is seasonal coinciding with tick activity
- Parasitemia may last 2-7 months

30
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Zika?

A
  • Window Period: N/A
  • Deferral: 4 weeks

–
- Tests and Questions must both be implemented by Blood center
-FDA recommended NAT testing in pools
-Follows WNV seasonal testing (plasma detectability reduces while rNA is still detectible in semen and placenta

31
Q

What is the window period and deferrals associated with Covid-19?

A
  • Window period: N/A
  • Deferral: 4 weeks for symptoms or pos antigen test

–
-Blood donations are NOT to be tested for COVID-19

32
Q

How long are donor records kept for?

A

10 years

33
Q

What followups are done with any positive/abnormal test on donor testing?

A

Any positive/abnormal test on donor testing will have followup with the donor or their physician.

34
Q

True or False: Look back is the idea that any previous units a donor gave must also be reviewed for potential infections transmission

A

True

35
Q

Which vaccines are Live attenuated and what is the deferral period for them?

A
  • Measles
  • Mumps
  • Polio
  • yellow fever
  • typhoid
  • Chicken pox
  • Rubella
  • Small pox
  • Deferral period: 2-4 weeks
36
Q

Which vaccines are Synthetic and what is the deferral period for them?

A
  • Diphtheria
  • HepA
  • Flu
  • Lyme disease
  • anthrax
  • pertussis
  • rabies
  • tetanus
  • plague
  • deferral: None
37
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are on antibiotics?

A

If the donor is on antibiotics that could mean that they could have an infection.

38
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are on growth hormone?

A

If the donor is on growth hormone medication that could mean that they could have mad cow disease.

Growth hormones medication can cause CJD.

39
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are on HepBIG?

A

If the donor is on HepBIG, this could indicate that they have an infection.

40
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are on Plavix?

A

If the donor is on Plavix, this could indicate anti-platelet medication is being given.

41
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are Accutane?

A

If the donor is on Accutane, an acne medication with birth defects could affect the recipient.

Deferral period is 1 month after stopping medication.

42
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are on Tegison?

A

If the donor is on Tegison, this means that they have an immune system disorder and this medication can have birth defects associated with it. Most likely causing more harm to the recipient.

Deferral period: Ever

43
Q

Why would we ask a donor if they are on Aspirin?

A

If the donor is on Aspirin, this could affect their platelets function. It’s best if they donate when they are not on the medication.

Deferral: 2 days/ 48 hours

44
Q

Which of the following is acceptable as a whole blood donor today?

  • 16 year old girl who weighs 95 lb
  • 22 yo male who got his nose pierced 2 months ago in Oregon
  • 56 yo woman released from prison 8 months ago
  • 32 yo MLS who had an HBIG vaccination 28 days ago.
A

None

45
Q

Which of the following viruses is NOT detected through NAT?

  • HCV
  • HBV
  • HTLV
  • WNV
A

HTLV

1) Blood Bank 2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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