Donor Requirements/Reactions/Testing Flashcards

1
Q

A unit of whole blood donated by an indivudal for his/her own future surgery

A

Autologous donation

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2
Q

When a patient selects his/her own blood donor(s) for an anticipated, non-emergenc transfusion

A

Directed donation

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3
Q

When a donor gives blood for storage at a blood bank for transfusion to an unknown recipient

A

Allogeneic/homologous donoation

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4
Q

Autologous whole blood donation interval

A

3 days but no sooner than 72 hours

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5
Q

Whole blood donation interval

A

8 weeks (56 days)

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6
Q

Double red donation interval

A

16 weeks

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7
Q

Platelet apheresis donation interval

- Maximum times per week? Per year?

A

At least 2 days b/w donations

- Maximum 2x per week, 24x per year

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8
Q

“Occasional” plasmapheresis donation interval

A

No more than once in 4 weeks

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9
Q

“Serial” plasmapheresis donation interval

A

At least 2 days b/w donations, maximum of 2x per week, maximum of 104x per year

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10
Q

Platelet apheresis

- Deferral time for aspirin consumption

A

No aspirin w/in 2 days

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11
Q

Platelet apheresis

- minimum platelet count for donor

A

150,000

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12
Q

Autologous donation

- Minimum age

A

Any age

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13
Q

Autologous donation

- Minimum weight

A

?

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14
Q

Autologous donation

- Minimum temperature

A

?

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15
Q

Autologous donation

- Minimum pulse

A

?

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16
Q

Autologous donation

- Minimum blood pressure

A

?

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17
Q

Autologous donation

  • Minimum hemoglobin
  • Minimum hematocrit
A
  • Hemoglobin: 11.0g

- Hematocrit: 33%

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18
Q

Allogeneic donation

- Minimum age

A

≥ 16 years old; no upper limit

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19
Q

Allogeneic donation

- Minimum weight

A

≥ 110 pounds

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20
Q

Allogeneic donation

- Minimum temperature

A

39.5C (99.5F)

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21
Q

Allogeneic donation

- Minimum pulse

A

50-100 bpm

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22
Q

Allogeneic donation

- Minimum blood pressure

A
  • Systolic: ≤ 180 mmHg

- Diastolic: ≤ 100 mmHg

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23
Q

Allogeneic donation

  • Minimum hemoglobin
  • Minimum hematocrit
A
  • Hemoglobin: ≥ 12.5g

- Hemacrit: ≥ 38%

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24
Q

Deferral period for toxoids, synthetic or killed viral or bacterial vaccines: anthrax, Hep A, Hep B, influenza virus, tetanus, polio (killed virus)

A

None

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25
Q

Deferral period for rubeola, mumps, polio, typhoid, yellow fever vaccines

A

2 weeks

26
Q

Deferral period for

  • Rubella vaccine
  • Chickenpox vaccine
A

4 weeks

27
Q

Deferral period for

- Taking aspirin if wanting to donate platelets

A

48 hours

28
Q

Deferral period for

- West Nile Virus

A

14 day deferral after asymptomatic

29
Q

Deferral period following pregnancy

A

6 weeks

30
Q

Deferral period if previously having traveled to malarial endemic areas

A

1 year

31
Q

Defferal period for

  • Having rec’d blood transfusion, oral or tissue transplant
  • Close contact w/ viral hepatitis
  • Tattos, skin piercings
  • Acupuncture
  • Treated for STD
  • Prison
  • HBIG
  • You pay for sex, sex w/ men who have had sex w/ men
A

1 year

32
Q

Deferral period for positive tests for:

  • HIV
  • HBsAg
  • HCV
  • Anti-HBc
  • Anti-HTLV
A

Permanent

33
Q

Deferral period for

  • History of cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, hemophilia, von Willebrand’s disease, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia,
  • Tegison (drug),
  • Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease,
  • Chagas disease,
  • Babeosis,
  • unexplained jaundice,
  • IV drug user,
  • You are a prostitute, or you’re a male who had sex w/ another male
A

Permanent

34
Q

Deferral period for

- SARS infections and Zika Virus

A

28 day deferral after asymptomatic

35
Q

Deferral period for

- Immigrants from malarial area

A

3 years

36
Q

List at least 10 reasons for a permanent deferral

A
  • Hx of any positive test for HIV, HCV, or AIDS
  • Hx of hepatitis after age 11
  • Confirmed positive test for HBsAg or repeatedly positive for anti-HBc, anti-HTLV
  • Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • Hx of cancer, leukemia, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia
  • Illegal IV drug use (sharing needles)
  • Babesosis or Chagas disease
  • Family hx of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • Tegison (teratogenic drug)
  • Treated w/ growth hormones
37
Q

Describe the procedure for a whole blood donation including arm prep, blood collection, and post-phlebotomy care instructions for the donor

A
  • Inspect both arms for track marks
  • Disinfect are to be stuck w/ alcohol and/or iodine solution for designated time
  • Stick patient; collect tubes for testing
  • Mix blood occasionally as it’s being collected; stop collection at 525 mL max
  • Remove needle; apply pressure
  • Direct donor to refreshment area
  • Strip tubing and make into segments w/ donor unit; send 1-6C cooler to IN Blood Center
38
Q

Mild donor reactions

- Symptoms

A
  • Anxiety
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Nausea
  • Sweating/pallor
  • Increased pulse
  • Increased respirations
39
Q

Mild donor reactions

- Treatment

A
  • Elevate feet higher than head
  • Loosen clothing
  • Apply cold cloths to head/neck
  • Breathe into paper bag (for hyperventilation)
40
Q

Moderate donor reactions

- Symptoms

A
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Decreased pulse
  • Rapid respirations
41
Q

Moderate donor reactions

- Treatment

A
  • Check vital signs frequently
  • Administer oxygen
  • Maintain privacy of donor
42
Q

Severe donor reactions

- Symptoms

A
  • Convulsions (tetany) → cerebral ischemia, marked hyperventilation, epilepsy
  • Tingling in fingers
43
Q

Severe donor reactions

- Treatment

A
  • Call for help
  • Remove needle if possible
  • Keep donor from harming self
  • Keep open airways
44
Q

Localized collection of blood under skin, caused by the needle going through the vein, w/ subsequent leakage of blood

A

Hematoma

45
Q

How to treat a hematoma

A
  • Remove needle
  • Apply pressure and raise arm above heart
  • Apply ice for 5 minutes
46
Q

Which donor reaction is only seen during apheresis donations

A

Citrate toxicity

47
Q

Citrate toxicity

A
  • From anticoagulant infused when blood is returned to the donor
  • Hypocalcemia occurs causing tingling sensation of mouth and/or fingers
  • Counteract w/ calcium supplements before or duing donation
48
Q

After collection, place blood in a cooler at ____ ____ if platelets are being made

A

Room temperature (20-24C)

49
Q

After collection, place blood in a cooler at ____ for all other components

A

1-6C

50
Q

List the 3 blood bank serology tests required on every donate unit blood

A
  • ABO, Rh (including Weak D)

- Ab screen

51
Q

What action is required is required by the blood center or hospital lab when reactive or discrepant results are obtained during donor testing

A
  • Confirmed reactives for HIV or hepatitis testing will become permanently deferred donors; previous donations will be pulled and retested
  • West Nile Virus → 120 day deferral
  • Chagas → indefinite deferral
  • CMV positive → no deferral but not used for patients needing CMV negative
  • Ab screen positive → plasma products are not used for transfusions; RBCs ok to use
52
Q

List the tests performed at the hospital blood bank on donor blood upon receipt from the blood center

A

ABO type on ALL units
- Anti-AB can be used to test group O donors
- Anti-A and Anti-B must both be used to test group A, group B and Group AB donors
Rh type required for Rh negative units only
- IS testing w/ anti-D only; no weak D required and no Rh control required

53
Q

List the 8 infectious disease tests required on every donated unit of blood

A
  • Syphilis
  • HBsAg
  • Anti-HBc
  • Anti-HCV (nucleic acid testing)
  • Anti-HIV 1/2 (nucleic acid testing)
  • West Nile Virus (nucleic acid testing)
  • Anti-HTLV-I/II
  • Zika Virus
54
Q

List 2 additional tests that may be performed on donor blood by the collection facility but are not FDA required

A
  • Chagas

- CMV

55
Q

Most fainting donor reactions are psychological vasovagal responses due to what 3 things?

A
  • Sight of blood
  • Sight of needles
  • Nervousness
56
Q

HBIG injections

  • Why given then injection?
  • Deferral period?
A
  • HBIG injection is given to someone when there’s been an accidental exposure to human blood, usually via needlestick ro blod splash into mucosal areas
  • B/c of exposure to blood, there’s a 12-month deferral
57
Q

Hep B vaccine

  • Why given the vaccine?
  • Deferral period?
A
  • Hep B vaccine is a preventative vaccine, often given at a pre-employment physical
  • No exposure to blood, so no deferral period
58
Q

What is the first step in treating any suspected donor reaction?

A

STOP THE DONATION!

59
Q

Whole blood donations must be deferred for at least _ days after hemapheresis (plasma/platelet/leukapheresis)

A

2 days

60
Q

The amount of whole blood volume permitted at one collection including the samples for processing can be no more than ____

A

10.5 mL/kg (525 mL)

61
Q

Prospective donors should be deferred if they have been transfused w/ human blood or blood components during the preceding (i.e., how long is deferral)

A

12 months