Donor Requirements/Reactions/Testing Flashcards
A unit of whole blood donated by an indivudal for his/her own future surgery
Autologous donation
When a patient selects his/her own blood donor(s) for an anticipated, non-emergenc transfusion
Directed donation
When a donor gives blood for storage at a blood bank for transfusion to an unknown recipient
Allogeneic/homologous donoation
Autologous whole blood donation interval
3 days but no sooner than 72 hours
Whole blood donation interval
8 weeks (56 days)
Double red donation interval
16 weeks
Platelet apheresis donation interval
- Maximum times per week? Per year?
At least 2 days b/w donations
- Maximum 2x per week, 24x per year
“Occasional” plasmapheresis donation interval
No more than once in 4 weeks
“Serial” plasmapheresis donation interval
At least 2 days b/w donations, maximum of 2x per week, maximum of 104x per year
Platelet apheresis
- Deferral time for aspirin consumption
No aspirin w/in 2 days
Platelet apheresis
- minimum platelet count for donor
150,000
Autologous donation
- Minimum age
Any age
Autologous donation
- Minimum weight
?
Autologous donation
- Minimum temperature
?
Autologous donation
- Minimum pulse
?
Autologous donation
- Minimum blood pressure
?
Autologous donation
- Minimum hemoglobin
- Minimum hematocrit
- Hemoglobin: 11.0g
- Hematocrit: 33%
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum age
≥ 16 years old; no upper limit
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum weight
≥ 110 pounds
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum temperature
39.5C (99.5F)
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum pulse
50-100 bpm
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum blood pressure
- Systolic: ≤ 180 mmHg
- Diastolic: ≤ 100 mmHg
Allogeneic donation
- Minimum hemoglobin
- Minimum hematocrit
- Hemoglobin: ≥ 12.5g
- Hemacrit: ≥ 38%
Deferral period for toxoids, synthetic or killed viral or bacterial vaccines: anthrax, Hep A, Hep B, influenza virus, tetanus, polio (killed virus)
None
Deferral period for rubeola, mumps, polio, typhoid, yellow fever vaccines
2 weeks
Deferral period for
- Rubella vaccine
- Chickenpox vaccine
4 weeks
Deferral period for
- Taking aspirin if wanting to donate platelets
48 hours
Deferral period for
- West Nile Virus
14 day deferral after asymptomatic
Deferral period following pregnancy
6 weeks
Deferral period if previously having traveled to malarial endemic areas
1 year
Defferal period for
- Having rec’d blood transfusion, oral or tissue transplant
- Close contact w/ viral hepatitis
- Tattos, skin piercings
- Acupuncture
- Treated for STD
- Prison
- HBIG
- You pay for sex, sex w/ men who have had sex w/ men
1 year
Deferral period for positive tests for:
- HIV
- HBsAg
- HCV
- Anti-HBc
- Anti-HTLV
Permanent
Deferral period for
- History of cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, hemophilia, von Willebrand’s disease, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia,
- Tegison (drug),
- Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease,
- Chagas disease,
- Babeosis,
- unexplained jaundice,
- IV drug user,
- You are a prostitute, or you’re a male who had sex w/ another male
Permanent
Deferral period for
- SARS infections and Zika Virus
28 day deferral after asymptomatic
Deferral period for
- Immigrants from malarial area
3 years
List at least 10 reasons for a permanent deferral
- Hx of any positive test for HIV, HCV, or AIDS
- Hx of hepatitis after age 11
- Confirmed positive test for HBsAg or repeatedly positive for anti-HBc, anti-HTLV
- Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Hx of cancer, leukemia, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia
- Illegal IV drug use (sharing needles)
- Babesosis or Chagas disease
- Family hx of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Tegison (teratogenic drug)
- Treated w/ growth hormones
Describe the procedure for a whole blood donation including arm prep, blood collection, and post-phlebotomy care instructions for the donor
- Inspect both arms for track marks
- Disinfect are to be stuck w/ alcohol and/or iodine solution for designated time
- Stick patient; collect tubes for testing
- Mix blood occasionally as it’s being collected; stop collection at 525 mL max
- Remove needle; apply pressure
- Direct donor to refreshment area
- Strip tubing and make into segments w/ donor unit; send 1-6C cooler to IN Blood Center
Mild donor reactions
- Symptoms
- Anxiety
- Decreased blood pressure
- Nausea
- Sweating/pallor
- Increased pulse
- Increased respirations
Mild donor reactions
- Treatment
- Elevate feet higher than head
- Loosen clothing
- Apply cold cloths to head/neck
- Breathe into paper bag (for hyperventilation)
Moderate donor reactions
- Symptoms
- Loss of consciousness
- Decreased blood pressure
- Decreased pulse
- Rapid respirations
Moderate donor reactions
- Treatment
- Check vital signs frequently
- Administer oxygen
- Maintain privacy of donor
Severe donor reactions
- Symptoms
- Convulsions (tetany) → cerebral ischemia, marked hyperventilation, epilepsy
- Tingling in fingers
Severe donor reactions
- Treatment
- Call for help
- Remove needle if possible
- Keep donor from harming self
- Keep open airways
Localized collection of blood under skin, caused by the needle going through the vein, w/ subsequent leakage of blood
Hematoma
How to treat a hematoma
- Remove needle
- Apply pressure and raise arm above heart
- Apply ice for 5 minutes
Which donor reaction is only seen during apheresis donations
Citrate toxicity
Citrate toxicity
- From anticoagulant infused when blood is returned to the donor
- Hypocalcemia occurs causing tingling sensation of mouth and/or fingers
- Counteract w/ calcium supplements before or duing donation
After collection, place blood in a cooler at ____ ____ if platelets are being made
Room temperature (20-24C)
After collection, place blood in a cooler at ____ for all other components
1-6C
List the 3 blood bank serology tests required on every donate unit blood
- ABO, Rh (including Weak D)
- Ab screen
What action is required is required by the blood center or hospital lab when reactive or discrepant results are obtained during donor testing
- Confirmed reactives for HIV or hepatitis testing will become permanently deferred donors; previous donations will be pulled and retested
- West Nile Virus → 120 day deferral
- Chagas → indefinite deferral
- CMV positive → no deferral but not used for patients needing CMV negative
- Ab screen positive → plasma products are not used for transfusions; RBCs ok to use
List the tests performed at the hospital blood bank on donor blood upon receipt from the blood center
ABO type on ALL units
- Anti-AB can be used to test group O donors
- Anti-A and Anti-B must both be used to test group A, group B and Group AB donors
Rh type required for Rh negative units only
- IS testing w/ anti-D only; no weak D required and no Rh control required
List the 8 infectious disease tests required on every donated unit of blood
- Syphilis
- HBsAg
- Anti-HBc
- Anti-HCV (nucleic acid testing)
- Anti-HIV 1/2 (nucleic acid testing)
- West Nile Virus (nucleic acid testing)
- Anti-HTLV-I/II
- Zika Virus
List 2 additional tests that may be performed on donor blood by the collection facility but are not FDA required
- Chagas
- CMV
Most fainting donor reactions are psychological vasovagal responses due to what 3 things?
- Sight of blood
- Sight of needles
- Nervousness
HBIG injections
- Why given then injection?
- Deferral period?
- HBIG injection is given to someone when there’s been an accidental exposure to human blood, usually via needlestick ro blod splash into mucosal areas
- B/c of exposure to blood, there’s a 12-month deferral
Hep B vaccine
- Why given the vaccine?
- Deferral period?
- Hep B vaccine is a preventative vaccine, often given at a pre-employment physical
- No exposure to blood, so no deferral period
What is the first step in treating any suspected donor reaction?
STOP THE DONATION!
Whole blood donations must be deferred for at least _ days after hemapheresis (plasma/platelet/leukapheresis)
2 days
The amount of whole blood volume permitted at one collection including the samples for processing can be no more than ____
10.5 mL/kg (525 mL)
Prospective donors should be deferred if they have been transfused w/ human blood or blood components during the preceding (i.e., how long is deferral)
12 months
