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Equine > Donkeys > Flashcards

Donkeys Flashcards

1
Q

Preventative care for donkeys

A

Vaccinations: tetanus and equine influenza

Yearly dentals

Farriery every 6-10 weeks

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2
Q

What things do donkeys need (welfare)

A

Companionship
Shelter (not waterproof)

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3
Q

Anatomical differences between horses and donkeys

A

Larger ears since evolved in desert
Thicker cutaneous coli muscle which obscures middle 1/3 of jugular (used to support large head)

High tear duct to protect from dust trapping

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4
Q

Where do we NOT do IM injections in donkeys vs horses

A

Pectoral muscles since these are small and underdeveloped

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5
Q

What is the energy requirement of a donkey and what should their diet consist of

A

1.3-1.7 % of dry matter/Kg
i.e LESS than horses

Feed barley straw mostly + supplement with grass/hay or low sugar haylage

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6
Q

Difference in foot anatomy between donkeys and horses

A

Donkeys have very thick soles so are less sensitive to hoof testers

Frog does not extend as far forward so we should never use frog support of heart bar shoes as these make the rotational forces worse; should use pads/glue shoes

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7
Q

What is sham eating

A

Where a donkey loosk like it is taking in food i.e chewing but not actually eating

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8
Q

Oestrus behaviour of donkeys

A

 Mounting, chasing other females
 Herding
 Mouth clapping
 Winking clitoris
 Raising tail, urinating posture

= stronger oestrus than in horses; more like cows

+ can breed all year round

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9
Q

Gestation length in a donkey

A

Ranges from 11-14 months

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10
Q

Difference in IM sedation onset in donkeys (detomidine and butorphanol)

A

Much faster than in horses
But use same doses (need more in mules)

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11
Q

What is the definition of hyperlipaemia

A

> 2.8mmol/L trigylcerides in blood

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12
Q

Risk factors for hyperlipaemia in doneksy

A

 Obesity
 Too sudden weight loss
Pregnancy/lactation [or just being female overall]
 Increasing age
 Underlying primary disease
 Stress

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13
Q

What is the maximum weight loss per month we can have without risking hyperlipaemia

A

<5% BW per month

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14
Q

CLinical signs of hyperlipaemia

A
  • Dullness, - Tachycardia/tachypnoea/pyrexia
  • Ileus, abdominal discomfort
  • Congested MMs, delayed CRT
  • Dry mucous covered faeces
  • Cloudy – milky serum/plasma = most obvious
  • Halitosis
  • Muzzle and head oedema
  • Ataxia or neuro signs (= hepatic encephalopathy)
  • Recumbency
  • Death due to multi-organ failure
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15
Q

How should we treat hyperlipaemia in donkeys

A

Place pony/foal sized NG tube and give 2-3L warm water, rehydration salts

Rehydration salts

Glucose poweder

Ready brek

+ oral meds

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16
Q

How do colicking donkeys present

A

Quiet/dull with no interest in food
More rare to act like a horse i.e rolling; big cause for concern

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17
Q

Most common cause of colic in donkeys

A

Pelvic flexure impaction; often related to poor dental care

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18
Q

How does colitis in donkeys present

A

dull donkey; may be colicky, may have pyrexia
Rarely have diarrhoea unlike horses

19
Q

Treating colitis

A

Key = analgesia
+ IM omeprazole good idea to deal with ulcer risk
Prognosis guarded as can be hard to get on top of the pain

20
Q

Characteristics of strep zooepidemicus in donkeys

A

Mucopurulent nasal discharge
Rare to get chondroids

Self limiting with low mortality rate

21
Q

What is strep zooepidemicus often secondary to in donkeys

A

equine herpes virus infection

22
Q

What tests might we do when investigating laminitis

A

Hoof testers
LIfting alternate legs to check weight bearing
Radiographs
ACTH test to check for PPID
Insulin to check for asinine metabolic syndrome

23
Q

Management of laminitis in donkeys

A

 Low sugar diet, restrictive grazing but don’t starve
 Foot support pads, deep bedding
 Analgesia, (ice feet)

24
Q

What consequence of a white line abscess may occur

A

Tracking back into pedal bone and osteitis

25
Q

Are sarcoids common in donkeys and where

A

Yes
Mostly genital region, ventral abdomen, face/lips, eyes

26
Q

Things to remember when placing an IV catheter in a donkey vs horse

A

Thicker skin; should cut down with scalpel
Cutaneous coli muscle can make it harder to se
Should place catheter at a slightly steeper angle

27
Q

What type of castration do we choose in donkeys

A

Always go for closed due to larger reproductive organs and blood vessels

28
Q

Which castration approach to take with colts vs stallions

A

FOr colts use scrotal approach i.e with emasculator

For stallions use inguinal approach i.e in theatre

29
Q

Which anaesthetic drug should we be careful with in donkeys due to slower metabolism and overdose risk

A

Guaphensin (myolaxin)

30
Q

Which drugs do donkeys metabolise faster than horses

A

Alpha2 agonists
Ketamine

31
Q

What is a mule vs hinny

A

Mule = male donkey + female horse

Hinny = male horse and female donkey

32
Q

Where do lameness tend to localise

A

To the foot; poor hoof balance, trimming/shoeing methods, bruisin

33
Q

Euthanasia options

A

Free bullet/captive bolt
Chemical (rarely available in resource poor areas)
Severance of aorta using heavy sedation (NB: not safe)

34
Q

Zoonotic diseases overseas in donkeys

A
  • Glanders
  • Bacterial burkholderi mallei
  • Rabies = fatal viral encephalitis
  • Anthrax (bacterial bacillus anthracis)
  • Ringworm (fungal dermatitis)
35
Q

Insect vector borne diseases of horses

A
  • African horse sickness; via mosquito
  • Theleria equi (piroplasmosis); via ticks
  • Habromena; via flies
  • Trypanosomiasis; via Tsetse flies  weakness, neuro signs
36
Q

How is trypanosomiasis spread and what are the signs

A

Spread by tsetse flies and causes weakness, neuro signs (african sleeping sickness)

37
Q

How is african horse sickess spread

A

mosquito

38
Q

How is theleria equi spread

A

ticks

39
Q

How is habronema spread

A

Flies

40
Q

Theatre anaesthesia protocol

A

Premed: dom, torb, ACP, morphine
Induction: ketamine and diazepam
Local: 5-10ml into cord/testicle
Maintenance: Isoflurance
[may use ket top up]

41
Q

Field anaestheisa protocol

A

Pre-med: dom, torb (may use ACp)
Induction: ketamine, diazepam
Local: 5-10ml into cord/testicle
Maintenance: ketamine 1/3 dose every 10 mins + can do 1/2 detomidine dose after 30 mins

42
Q

What is the triple trip combo for donkeys

A

Guaphenensin (myolaxin)
Xylazine
Ketamine

GKX

43
Q
A

Equine (18 decks)

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