Domestic Policies Flashcards
What was history concentrated on for the youth?
The rise of the nazi party
Injustices of treaty of Versailles
Evils of communism and the Jews
How many edelweiss pirates were there in cologne?
3000
How much time was PE given at school?
15%
What was taught in the German lessons?
To be conscious of national identity by reading about German heroes
How did the Nazis train the youth to become soldiers?
Joining Hitler Youth which taught then how to use weapons, cleaning rifles, long marches
What were the three main opposition of the youth to the nazis?
Whiterose movement
Swing youth
Edelweiss pirates
How old were the edelweiss pirates?
14-17
What did the edelweiss pirates do?
Mixed boys and girls
Attacked Hitler’s Youth
Sang songs against Hitler
Turned violent
When did children have to join Hitler’s Youth? How old did they have to be before they left?
5-18
What did boys join?
Pimpfen
German Youth
Hitler Youth
What did young girls join?
The League of German Maidens
What were the girls taught about in the League of German Maidens?
Childrearing
Why did girls have little time for homework?
To prevent them from having a career
What were children encouraged to do to their parents?
Spy on them
When did joining Nazi Youth movements become compulsory?
1939
How many young people were in German youth groups in 1933?
30%
How many young people were in nazi youth movements in 1938?
82%
How old were the Swing Youth?
14-18
What did the Swing Youth want?
To be part of a western community
Who were the Swing Youth!
Group of jazz swing lovers in 1930s
When were the Swing Youth violently repressed?
1941
What did the Swing Youth do?
Had long hair
Wore union jacks
Mixed boys and girls
Was the Whiterose movement violent?
No
When did the Whiterose movement become violent?
1944
What sort of movement was the Whiterose movement?
Intellectual
Non-violent
How did the Whiterose movement protest?
Made anti-Hitler leaflets
What did the Nazis think that women should do?
Stay at home and bring up the children
Shouldn’t smoke or slim
Have lots of children
How did they encourage women to have lots of children?
Bronze medal for 4
Silver medal for 6
Gold medal for 8
Why did the Nazis encourage women not to smoke or slim?
To increase fertility
How did the Nazis think women should dress?
Long skirts
Flat shoes
No make-up
What did the Nazis do about women having jobs?
Stopped them working for 2 years
Encouraged them to work again as men went off to war
Why did the Nazis want to increase the birth rate in Germany?
To make them powerful
When were women stopped working?
1933
What was compulsory for women entering the labour market?
A ‘duty year’
What was a duty year?
Helping on a farm
In a family home
Without pay
How did the League of German Maidens help put the Nazi idea of the role of women in their head?
Put it in their head from an early age
Why was the economy important to hitler?
When they rose to power they promised to restore Germany
Needed to boost industry because they were preparing for war
Reduce chance of uprising against Nazis
What was the Labour Service?
Men aged between 18 and 25
Worked in manual labour camps
Low pay (allowed them to employ more)
How did rearmament reduce unemployment?
Reintroduced conscription
Increased industry
How many people were in the army by 1936?
1.4 million
When was conscription reintroduced?
1935
What was autobahns?
Built 7000km of motorways
Hiring workers
Increased industry
How many people were unemployed before?
6 million
How many people were unemployed?
300,000
Who was part of the invisible unemployment?
Jews (dismissed from jobs)
Men pushed into National Labour Service
Women (gave up jobs once married or dismissed)
What forms of propaganda were used?
Newspapers
Radios
Films
Messages
How were the newspapers controlled?
Closed down non-Nazi newspapers
Couldn’t print bad photos of Reich government
How were radios controlled?
Controlled them so people thought nazis were great
Why did the Nazis mass produce radios?
So more people could afford them
What messages did films give?
Jews were evil (The Eternal Jew)
What messages were in books?
War is good
Why did they stop Jewish people from competing in the Olympics?
Didn’t want them representing Germany
What was the main message of nazi propaganda?
The Aryan race was the best
How many people were under protective arrest by 1939?
150,00
What did the Gestapo do?
Arrest people who spoke out against the Nazis without trial
Who were the Gestapo?
The secret police
How many people did the SS expand to in 1939?
50,000
Who was the SS?
Nazi’s private police force
Aryan men who had to marry Aryan women
How many concentration camps were there by 1939? How many people were they holding?
6 holding about 20,000 people
What did concentration camps begin working for in 1938?
Businesses
What did the Nazis set up for the courts?
National Socialist League for the Maintenance of Law
What did the people’s courts do?
Hear all treason crimes
How many disabled people had been killed by 1945?
6000
What were doctors given the right to do to disabled people? When?
Force sterilisation in 1933
How many disabled people were sterilised between 1933 and 1935?
700,000
What did the Nazis say about disabled people?
They were sparing them by letting them die
What percentage of homosexuals died at concentration camps?
60
What were homosexuals encouraged to do?
Castration
What happened to the Jews in 1933?
Book burning (of all Jewish books) Boycott of Jewish shops
When were the Nuremberg laws introduced?
1935
What were the Nuremberg laws?
Forbade marriage between Jews and Germans
Said only German blood could hold vote or German government office
Why did antisemitism decrease in 1936?
It was the Olympics so they wanted to give the world a good impression
What jobs were Jewish people not allows in 1936?
Vets Dentists Accountants Nurses Teachers Surveyors
When was Kristallnacht?
1938
What happened on Kristallnacht?
A young Polish boy walked into German embassy in pairs
He shot the first official he met
Protesting his parent’s treatment
Goebbels used this as an excuse to organise anti-Jewish demonstrations
Other than Kristallnacht, what happened to Jewish people in 1938?
Had J stamped in passport Had to register possessions Had to carry identity cards Jewish doctors, dentists and layers were forbidden from treating aryans Had to change name
Why did Jewish people have to register their possessions?
To make them easier to confiscate
What did men have to change their first name to?
Israel
What did women have to change their first name to?
Sarah
Roughly, how many gypsies were there?
30,000
What happened to gypsies after 1933?
Arrested and sent to concentration camps
Who did the Nuremberg laws apply to?
Gypsies
Jews
What happened to gypsies in April 1939?
Orders were sent to collect all gypsies so they could be deported
How did the standard or living improve?
Wages were increased Volkswagen scheme Beauty of labour Strength through joy Food consumption
How much did wages increase between 1933 and 1938?
20%
What was Beauty of labour?
Ensured good standards of work
What was Strength Through Joy?
Provided leisure activities for workers
What was the Volkswagen scheme?
Allowed workers to pay 5 marks a week to get a Volkswagen in 1938
Why didn’t the standard of living improve as much as it had looked like?
Rising food prices counteracted the increase of wages
Schemes weren’t as good as they’d seemed
People didn’t get their car
Working hours increased
How much did food prices increase between 1933 and 1939?
20%
Why weren’t schemes for workers as good as they seemed?
Couldn’t afford more expensive activities (cruises)
Had to improve standards of work without pay
Why didn’t people get their car from Volkswagen?
In 1939 factories began making guns
How much did working hours increase?
From 43 hours to 49
What schemes were set up to help small businesses?
Jewish businesses were closed to (reduce competition)
Value of self employed craftsmen nearly doubled (1933-39)
Passed law to ban new department stores and stop old ones from growing
What schemes were set up to help unskilled workers?
Pushed into government schemes
Allowed them to feed and clothe family
Provided more cheap flats
What schemes were set up to help farmers?
Some debts written off
Increase in food prices
Lost workers to better paid jobs in city
Disliked government for meddling (said hens had to lay 65 eggs per year)
What schemes were set up to help big businesses?
Governments took control of prices, wages, product…
Affected by rearmament and trade unions
Profits increased so wages did too 70% between 1934 and 1939
