Domains of exercise Flashcards
Give two commonly cited definitions of lactate threshold
the power output at which lactate levels rise to 1 mmol/l above baseline
onset of blood lactate accumulation at 4 mmol/l where not all lactate produced can be removed by the body
define critical power and what does a critical power value describe
the highest constant power output that can be maintained without a progressive loss of homeostasis
describes the power-duration relationship
define W’
A fixed energy store, representing anaerobic capacity
the amount of energy which is available, above critical power
define VO2 max
the maximum volume of O2 which an athlete can utalise in a given amount of time
usually expressed in ml/kg/min
increasing exercise intensity beyond this point will not result in an increase in O2 uptake
describe what is happening at each of the three stages on the oxygen kinetics curve
i) No change in VO2, reflects transit time of blood from muscles to lungs
ii) monoexponential increase in pulmonary VO2, reflecting an increase in muscle VO2 demand
iii) steady state of VO2, or slow component
what is meant by a VO2 slow component
a continued increase in O2 uptake when working at a constant, but high, intensity
it reflects a loss of efficiency of energy production
describe the relation between VO2 slow component and VO2 max
if exercise for long enough at an intensity high enough to produce a slow component, VO2 max will eventually be reached
the higher the intensity, the more quickly VO2 max is reached
in which domains of exercise would you see the development of an VO2 slow component
heavy
Very heavy
what are the limitations of the traditional lab based method of measuring lactate threshold
not everyone has access to lab
requires expensive specialist equipment and trained staff
what does a person’s FTP demonstrate/show
highest possible power output that can be sustained for 45-60 minutes
how is a person’s FTP determined
20 minute all out cycle test
95% of the average power output is then calculated and this is the FTP
why is FTP a more commonly used measure by non-elite athletes
can be done at home with relatively cheap equipment
give some limitations of FTP
not as accurate
no justification for the use of 95% average power
no evidence to prove its valid
results affected by level of athlete motivation, who needs to be fully exhausted by end of the test
outline the process of the traditional method of determining CP
determine VO2 max
carry out first test at 100% VO2 max power output and see how long the duration is
repeat at power outputs 85%-100% VO2 max
plot graph, gradient of line is CP
(or do 1/time to give y=mx+c and c = CP)
what are the limitations of the traditional method of calculating CP
requires expensive equipment
time consuming because person requires 1-2 days rest between each test
Explain the process of using the fixed load test to determine CP
3 minute windgate test at 4.5% frictional load
average the power output for the last 30 seconds
what are the limitations of the fixed load method of determining CP
requires familarisation so subject knows how hard to push in order to be exhausted at the end
subject could pace themselves to artificially inflate CP value
still need further testing to determine LT and VO2max
explain the process of the ramp sprint protocol for determining CP
Normal VO2 max ramp sprint protocol on a bike
when VO2max reached, get off and spring for 3 minutes
average of the power over those 3 mins is CP
what are the limitations of the ramp sprint protocol for CP
no one will want to do the sprint
however is valid and does get reading for all 3 values
what is the theory underlying the two alternative methods of CP measurment
first part of the test depleats W’ bc is anaerobic
when doing the final 30 seconds or 3 min sprint, only aerobic energy available so therefore = CP
explain how the duration - power relationship can be used to determine CP
cycle for a fixed duration
vary the duration e.g 3 mins/6 mins/ 12 mins
average the power output for each duration
plot graph until reach a plateau which is the sustainable power
what are the limitations of the duration power relationship method for CP calculation
not quite as accurate
but can be done at home
what is the limitation of the 10km predicted and actual running time data which was used to show that CP can predict performance
times were very slow vs elite athlete times
little relevance to elite athletes
