Domain 4 - Personnel Security Flashcards
What is a Schedule 1 drug/examples?
The drug or substance has a high potential for abuse and currently has no accepted use in medical treatment in the United States. Examples of Schedule I drugs are marijuana, heroin, methaqualone, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
What is a Schedule 2 drug/examples?
The drug or substance has a high potential for abuse but currently has an accepted medical use in the United States with severe restrictions. Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependency. Examples of Schedule II drugs are cocaine, morphine, amphetamine, and opium.
What is a Schedule 3 drug/examples?
The drug or substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or substances of schedules I and II and currently has an accepted medical use in the United States. Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependency or high psychological dependency. Examples of Schedule III drugs are codeine, Tylenol with codeine, and benzphetamine.
What is a Schedule 4 drug/examples?
The drug or substance has a lower potential for abuse than Schedule III substances and currently has an accepted medical use in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependency. Examples of Schedule IV drugs are Darvon, Darvocet, phenobarbital, and Valium.
What is a Schedule 5 drug/examples?
The drug or substance has a lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV substances and currently has an accepted medical use in the United States. Abuse may lead to a lower physical or psychological dependency than caused by Schedule IV substances. Examples of Schedule V drugs are the low-strength prescription cold and pain medicines found in many homes.
What are 7 categories of drugs
depressants
narcotics (opiates)
stimulants
hallucinogens
marijuana
analogue or designer drugs
prescription drugs
What are depressants?
In small doses, depressants produce a calm feeling and can be used for various medical purposes, such as inducing sleep, relieving anxiety and muscle spasms, and preventing seizures. In larger doses, they can cause impaired reflexes, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, and uncontrollable drowsiness. Abusers often combine depressants with other depressants or with stimulants. The abuse of depressants can lead to birth defects, overdose, and even death.
Depressants include such drugs as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sedatives. Some well-known examples are Valium, Quaalude, Xanax, Lunesta, Nembutal, and Seconal.
Alcohol is also classified as a depressant. Alcoholism includes craving, loss of control, physical dependence, and tolerance (genetic and environmental components)
What are stimulants?
Stimulants may make employees appear more alert, eager, and productive. However, what appears to be productivity may actually be wasted efforts that lead to mistakes. Stimulant abusers may believe the drugs enhance their creativity and endurance, but they are actually being robbed of their energy and rationality. Abusers experience frequent, severe mood swings, and they become difficult to manage and have trouble getting along with others. Abusers often try to control their mood swings by using another drug, most often alcohol. Prolonged abuse typically results in weight loss, drug-induced psychosis, and addiction to multiple drugs.
Among the stimulants used in the workplace are cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, methcathinone, methylphenidate (Ritalin), and anorectic drugs (appetite suppressants).
Provide details about Cocaine and Side Effects
Cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride) is a white, crystalline substance extracted from the coca plant. Though it has some medicinal value as a topical anesthetic, it is a common drug of abuse and is considered highly addictive.
Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system, and its immediate effects include dilated pupils, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, and euphoria. Crack or rock cocaine (usually smoked) is prepared from powdered cocaine, baking soda, and water. The high lasts only a few minutes, leaving the user eager for more. Cocaine’s effects appear almost immediately after a dose and disappear within a few minutes or hours. In small amounts, cocaine makes the user feel euphoric, energetic, talkative, and alert. It can also temporarily decrease the need for food and sleep. Some users find that the drug helps them perform simple physical and intellectual tasks more quickly, while others experience the opposite effect. Large doses intensify the user’s high but may also lead to bizarre, erratic, or violent behavior, along with tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches, paranoia, or a toxic reaction. Some users report restlessness, irritability, and anxiety. Cocaine-related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest.
Cocaine is powerfully addictive. Some users develop a tolerance and must increase their doses to attain the desired effects. Other users become more sensitive to the drug over time and may die after low doses. Bingeing—that is, taking the drug repeatedly and in increasing doses—may lead to irritability, restlessness, and paranoia. Eventually, the user may develop paranoid psychosis, losing touch with reality and experiencing auditory hallucinations.
Provide details about methamphetamine
Methamphetamine is a synthetic drug easily manufactured using common materials and simple laboratory equipment. Also known as crank, meth, crystal meth, or speed, it has, in many workplaces, replaced cocaine as a drug of choice among stimulant abusers. Methamphetamine can be smoked, snorted, swallowed, or injected.
The drug alters moods in different ways, depending on how it is taken. Immediately after smoking the drug or injecting it intravenously, the user experiences an intense rush or “flash” that lasts only a few minutes and is described as extremely pleasurable. Snorting or swallowing produces euphoria—a high but not an intense rush. Snorting produces effects within three to f ve minutes, and swallowing produces effects within 15 to 20 minutes.
Methamphetamine has toxic effects as well. High doses can elevate body temperature to dangerous, sometimes lethal levels, as well as cause convulsions. Long-term methamphetamine abuse results in many damaging effects, including addiction. Chronic methamphetamine abusers may exhibit violent behavior, anxiety, severe mood swings, weight loss, irritability, confusion, insomnia, and general deterioration of health. They may also experience psychotic effects, including paranoia, auditory hallucinations, mood disturbances, and delusions (for example, the sensation of insects creeping on the skin, called formication). The paranoia can result in homicidal and suicidal thoughts.
What are hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are mind-altering drugs that drastically affect users’ mood, sensory perception, and ability to reason. For centuries, hallucinogens found in plants and fungi have been used in shamanistic practices. More recently, even more powerful synthetic hallucinogens have been produced.
The most commonly abused hallucinogens are LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), also called acid; MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine); MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also called ecstasy; PCP (phencyclidine), often called angel dust; mescaline, which comes from the peyote cactus; and certain mushrooms.
In nontoxic dosages, these substances produce changes in perception, thought, and mood. Physiological effects include elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, and dilated pupils. Sensory effects include perceptual distortions. Psychic effects include disorders of thought associated with time and space. Time may appear to stand still, and forms and colors seem to change and take on new significance. This experience may be either pleasurable or frightening.
Users often experience vivid hallucinations, panic attacks, and even synaesthesia or sensory crossover. In this state, users’ senses become confused, and they may actually believe they can see sound or smell colors. The effects of hallucinogens are unpredictable each time the drugs are used. In some instances, weeks or even months after taking hallucinogens, a user may experience flashbacks—fragmentary recurrences of certain aspects of the drug experience—without actually taking the drug. Some hallucinogens are neurotoxic. However, the most common danger is impaired judgment, which may lead to rash decisions, accidents, injuries, and even death.
What is marijuana?
After alcohol, marijuana or cannabis is the second most common drug of abuse in the workplace. In small quantities, marijuana produces effects similar to those of alcohol, and it is often substituted for alcohol by recovering alcoholics. In larger doses, marijuana can cause hallucinations, memory loss, and lethargy.
Marijuana, hashish, and hash oil are all derived from the hemp plant, cannabis sativa. The principle psychoactive component, tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, is retained in the fatty tissue of the body. Because THC is not easily eliminated, it can accumulate. As a result, the user becomes less and less tolerant of the drug and steadily requires less of it to achieve the desired effect. This condition is known as reverse tolerance. Abusers may smoke less, but they tend to smoke more frequently.
Marijuana found in the workplace may be combined with other drugs to enhance its potency and salability. Users can never be assured of consistent doses when smoking marijuana, and the drug is sometimes treated with an opiate or PCP. Abusers can find themselves addicted physically and psychologically not only to marijuana but also to other drugs that have been mixed with it.
Besides the traditional dried flower of the marijuana plant, marijuana users can purchase the substance in vaporizer pens, edibles and beverages, concentrates, sprays, topicals, and capsules. Hashish consists of the THC-rich resinous material of the cannabis plant, which is collected, dried, and then compressed into a variety of forms, such as balls, cakes, or cookie-like sheets. Hemp flower contains little to no THC and may be legal in places where marijuana is not.
What are analogue or designer drugs?
An analogue, also known as a designer drug, is a synthetic preparation with effects and characteristics similar to those of a natural substance. Analogues are developed in laboratories but, being different in formation from the substance they imitate, are not initially classified as controlled substances—even though the imitated substance may be.
Many analogues are much more powerful than the imitated or natural substance; some have led to deaths from overdose.
How are prescription drugs abused/which ones?
Prescription drugs are frequently abused in the workplace. Those most often abused are stimulants and sedatives.
The most common prescription drugs sold at work belong to the family of drugs known as benzodiazepines, which are depressants designed to relieve anxiety, tension, and muscle spasms. Librium, Xanax, and Valium are some of the more common benzodiazepines found in the workplace.
what is chemical dependency
the physiological craving brought on by chemical changes in the body. These changes are both mental and physical
