Domain 4 - Construction Documents Flashcards
Describe the 5 drawing category types used in design and construction.
1.) Plans
2.) Elevations
3.) Sections
4.) Details
5.) Schedules
Describe the nature of Contract drawings.
Drawings convey design intent and may show multiple views, indicate relationships between elements, and show the following for each materials, assembly, component, piece of equipment, and accessory.
1.) location
2.) Identification
3.) Dimension and Size
4.) Details and diagrams
5.) Shape and Form
Describe the basic standards that drawings should follow.
1.) To simplify and only coordinate the documentation process, and only generic notes should be used on the drawings to identify , not describe, a material or component.
2.) The information contained within the drawings are complementary to the specifications and should not duplicate information.
3.) Do NOT cross-reference between drawings and specifications with notes such as “refer to specifications” .
Describe a drawing view?
All design and construction drawings consist of a combination of views, which can be classified as one of two types: scaled or non-scaled. Views demonstrate unique information in the most logical and understandable way.
Scaled Views
Most common type of drawing, include horizontal plane and /or vertical plan orientations, vertical cuts through the project. Scale drawing should include a numerical scale and a graphic scale due to half sheets at the job site.
Non-scaled Views
Include: diagrams, key plans, schedules, perspectives, isometrics, and title sheets
Drawing identification, cover sheet, graphics, symbols, dimensions, notations, and abbreviations.
Drawing Features
A drawing feature: individual drawings on a sheet are uniquely identified in order to provide a logical method for easily locating each element.
Drawing Identification
A drawing feature: This is typically the first sheet in the drawing set. It often shows the name of the project, the name of the owner, the name of the architect/engineer and consultants, and the general project data such as location map, code information, and a list of included sheets
Cover Sheet
A drawing feature: The drawing blocks illustrating the proposed work using a variety of line types, shading, and hatching, and will include symbols, notations, and dimensions. For renovation work, photographs may be used as part of the graphics
Graphics
A drawing feature: A scaled or non-scaled graphic representation of a product or material.
Symbols
A drawing feature: They delineate the actual size of an object or to demonstrate extent or required clearances. The referenced end points of dimension lines are usually shown with arrowheads or slash marks.
Dimensions
A drawing feature: Textual information on drawings that identify an item and its extent or location. Should be kept to a minimum.
Notations
A drawing feature: Used on drawings and in schedules where space for textual information may be limited.
Abbreviations
While there are no rules for how a set of construction drawings must be organized, traditionally they have been arranged in a logical sequence and grouped by design discipline.
List the figure based on how a traditional drawing set is generally organized?
1.) Cover Sheet 8.) Architectural
2.) Sheet Index 9.) Interiors
3.) Building Code Summary 10.) Structural
4.) Life Safety 11.) Mechanical
5.) Demolition 12.) Electrical
6.) Civil 13.) Plumbing
7.) Landscaping 14.) Fire Protection
In which of the following phases are drawings submitted for preliminary loan approval?
a.) Project conception
b.) Design
c.) Construction documents
d.) Procurement
a.) Project Conception
During the procurement phase, record drawings are provided to proposers to show existing conditions. What are these drawings called?
a.) Procurement drawings
b.) Resource drawings
c.) Contract drawings
d.) Shop drawings
b.) Resource drawings (NOT included in the contract)
During the construction phase, which of the following is the type of drawings the contractor may prepared to show fabrication of a building element?
a.) Record drawings
b.) Resource drawings
c.) Coordination drawings
d.) Shop drawings
d.) Shop drawings
During the construction phase, which of the following is the type of drawings the contractor may prepared to show how building systems would be installed above the kitchen ceiling?
a.) Record drawings
b.) Resource drawings
c.) Coordination drawings
d.) Shop drawings
c.) Coordination drawings
(Commonly made for small ceiling cavity so that building components heating,A/C ducts, plumbing lines, fire protection heads, electrical conduits, and telecom wires be coordinated.)
Which of the following is the type of drawings the contractor may prepared and submit at the end of the construction phase?
a.) As-built drawings
b.) Resource drawings
c.) Record drawings
d.) Shop drawings
c.) Record drawings
Modified Contract drawings identifying changes incorporated into the Work during construction. Diagrammatically show location of items.
Describe the four principal methods of specifying?
- Descriptive - A prescriptive method in which products and processes are specified
but the results are not. Proprietary names of manufacturers are not
used. Architect is responsible for determination of the desired
performance criteria. Used less today, lengthy and a tedious process. - Performance - A method of specifying END results but not their means/methods of
achievement. Allows for flexibility and innovation in optional
solutions that meet the same requirements. - Proprietary - A prescriptive method in which products and processes are specified
by specifying a manufacturer’s product, system, or assembly.
Includes manufacturer’s name, brand name, model number, etc. Or a
single sourced product. - Reference Standard - A method that utilizes a reference to a published standard
in lieu of specifying detailed requirements.
Describe the three elements of a Performance Specification.
- A statement of required END results
- With criteria for verifying compliance
- Without unnecessary limitations on the methods for achieving the required results
Describe four situations where performance specifications can be used?
*Construction Systems and Assemblies: the primary advantage of performance specifying lies in the applicability of available products and systems to most traditional project requirements.
*Utilizing Non-Standard Technologies: existing technologies used in an alternate way.
*Developing New Technology: gives the owner the advantage of attracting research and development expertise and resources from many elements of the construction industry. (Sustainability requirements)
*Delegating Responsibilities: Can be used by an Owner to establish an owner’s requirements for a project delivery method such as design build.
What are the advantages of using a Proprietary Specification?
1.) Product Selection can be closely controlled.
2.) More detailed and complete drawings can be prepared based on precise information obtained from the selected manufacturer’s product data.
3.) Reduced Cost and time benefits may be obtained from use of shorter specifications and reduced drawings production efforts.
4.) Bidding and proposing may be simplified by narrowing competition and removing product pricing as a major variable.
What are the disadvantages of using a Proprietary Specification?
1.) Competition for the products is reduced or eliminated.
2.) Products may be specified with which the contractor may have had little or an unfavorable experience.
3.) Certain products and manufacturers may be favored over others.
4.) An error might occur when specifying model or product designations.
Closed Propriety Specification
1.) allows design to be finished at a high level of detail.
2.) reduces variables / design efforts
3.) promotes accurate pricing
4.) NO protection for higher costs
5.) substitutions are not allowed
6. ) little or no choice given to the contractor / single sourced products
Open Proprietary Specification
1.) alleviate the sole sourced over pricing
2.) allow alternate products
3.) proposed substitutions
4.) controlled substitutions / reduce the use of inferior products
5.) competition is higher / lower costs for materials
Describe the liabilities involved in Reference Standard specifying.
(Reference standards can save the architect/engineer from writing elaborate and lengthy text.)
1.) inadequate Reference standards coexist with stringent ones.
2.) create duplication and contradiction within the contract documents
3.) contain embedded options
4.) refer to minimum requirements
5.) contain undesirable requirements
6.) AHJ may enforce different editions of the same standard, which may have conflicting requirements.
Describe the characteristics of Nonrestrictive Specifications.
Nonrestrictive Specifications must be able to be met by several manufacturers or suppliers. They may be developed using either the descriptive, performance, reference standard, or proprietary method, or using any combination of these four methods.
Describe the four types of specifications
1.) Narrative
2.) Sheet
3.) Shortform
4.) Full-length
Specifications that reach their full potential of including sufficient construction information to specify work results and to be able to be accurately priced.
These specifications are essential for the complete understanding of the design intent and scope of work graphically shown by the drawings. Best for large projects, and with all project delivery methods.
Full-length Specs
Used for very small projects where having a formal project manual is not appropriate. Specifications are produced in a concise format to be imported into the software being used to produce drawings. Can be used during the Design Development for any size project, or during Construction Documents for small projects.
Sheet Specs
Used when the architect/engineer prepares concept documents for the review of, and use by, the owner. Project component descriptions are presented in a form
that briefly list the major elements, assemblies, and systems included in the project design. At this stage, product selections and detailed technical information
are not necessary. Used best during Design Concept and Schematic Design phases
Narrative Specs
Used to provide a concise set of construction specifications commensurate with the size and extent of a project and to reduce the level of detail where it is appropriate. These specifications might be used for any project, though some types of projects lend themselves more readily than others. Can be used during the Design Development for any size project, or during Construction Documents for small to medium projects. (D.B.B., CM Risk, D.B., O.B., Interior Design/Tenant Improvement.)
Shortform Specs
A specifier is presently writing specifications for a medium-sized interior construction project within an office shell building for a new insurance company. Although the project is not complex, the requirements demand a concise set of specifications.
Which of the following specification types would be best suited for this project?
1.) Full-length specifications
2.) Sheet specifications
3.) Narrative specifications
4.) Shortform specifications
4.) Shortform
For the gypsum board specification section, the specifier wants to make sure it is as nonrestrictive as possible and decides to specify Type X (based on code requirements) per ASTM C1396, Standard Specification for Gypsum Board, in lieu of listing specific acceptable products.
Which of the following specification methods is used for the gypsum board?
1.) Descriptive
2.) Performance
3.) Reference standard
4.) Proprietary
3.) Reference standard
Which of the following provides the best reason to include “Type X” in the gypsum
board specification instead of just stating the indicated ASTM standard only?
1.) Regular gypsum board is too expensive
2.) The ASTM standard covers different types of gypsum board of which some may not satisfy code requirements
3.) The drawings show wall assemblies with all gypsum board noted as “Type X”
4.) That is what the architecture firm uses for all interior walls they specify
2.) The ASTM standard covers different types of gypsum board of which some may not satisfy code requirements
For the carpeting, The specifier specifies that it must use nylon fiber with cut pile and have a minimum density of 5000 oz./cu. yd.
Which of the following specification methods is used for the carpeting?
1.) Descriptive
2.) Performance
3.) Reference standard
4.) Proprietary
1.) Descriptive
In the lobby, the ground concrete finish is specified to have a minimum dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) of 0.42 for wet surfaces per ANSI A137.1.
Which of the following specification methods is used for the ground concrete finish?
1.) Descriptive
2.) Performance
3.) Reference standard
4.) Proprietary
2.) Performance
For the acoustical panel ceiling system, the specifier specifies three acceptable products from three different manufacturers.
Which of the following specification methods is used for the ceiling system?
1.) Descriptive
2.) Performance
3.) Reference standard
4.) Proprietary
4.) Proprietary
Used when the architect/engineer prepares concept documents for the review of, and use by, the owner. Project component descriptions are presented in a form
that briefly list the major elements, assemblies, and systems included in the project design. At this stage, product selections and detailed technical information
are not necessary. Used best during Design Concept and Schematic Design phases, and may be required by lending institutions.
Narrative Specs
A Shortform Specification has 3 parts.
Part 1 General (submittals, quality assurance, mock-up)
Part 2 Products
Part 3 Execution
The organizational standard for most commercial building design and construction
projects in North America. It is split into two groups: Procurement and Contracting
Requirements and Specifications. Provides a system of numbers and titles for organizing information into a standard hierarchical order.
MasterFormat
Name the five subgroups under MasterFormats- Specification Group
1.) General Requirements Subgroup: Division 01
2.) Facility Construction Subgroup: Division 02-19
3.) Facility Services Subgroup: Division 20-29
4.) Site and Infrastructure Group: Division 30-39
5.) Process Equipment Group: Division 40-49
A group of related construction practices, or work results. Individual sections
dealing with related items are grouped together. The Specification Group’s subgroups are further divided into a series of titles called?
Divisions
Part of the project specifications covering one portion of the project requirements.
Have a six or eight digit number and title. Does not necessarily relate to the work accomplished by a single subcontractor, nor does it define the work of individual trades.
Sections
a uniform standard for arranging specification text in each of the project manual’s sections using a three-part format.
* Provides a standard for locating information within a specification section,
* Reduces the chance for omissions or duplications in a specification section,
* Facilitates coordination of project documentation within a Project Manual.
SectionFormat
Describe the three parts of a SectionFormat specification.
Part 1: General
Part 2: Products
Part 3 Execution